Resin Cement Research Articles

Influence of Calcium Silicate-Based vs. Resin-Based Sealers on Pull-Out Bond Strength of Two Universal Adhesive/Resin Cement Combinations for Fiber Posts Cementation

This in vitro study investigated the influence of root canal sealer type (calcium silicate-based vs. resin-based) on the pull-out bond strength of two universal adhesive/resin cement combinations. Forty-eight human premolars were prepared, obturated with either Ceraseal™ (calcium-silicate based) (C) or AH Plus™ (resin-based) (A), and stored at 37°C, 100% humidity for 24 hours. Two adhesive/resin cement combinations were used for fiber post cementation: Single Bond Universal/RelyX™ Ultimate (UT) and ScotchbondTM Universal Plus/RelyX™ Universal (UN). Pull-out bond strength values (Newton) were measured after seven days using a universal testing machine. Then all fiber posts were observed for mode of failure using a stereomicroscope. AH PlusTM and ScotchbondTM Universal Plus/RelyXTM Universal (AUN) had the highest bond strength (263.50 ± 46.47 N), while CeraSealTM and Single Bond Universal Adhesive/RelyXTM Ultimate (CUT) had the lowest (202.88± 38.21 N). The results of the two-way ANOVA indicated a significant main effect for root canal sealer types (P = 0.025); a significant main effect for resin cement types (P = 0.015); and no significant interaction effect between root canal sealer types and resin cement types (P = 0.068). Post hoc Tukey HSD testing revealed significant differences between CUT and CUN (p = 0.008), CUT and AUN (P = 0.003), and CUT and AUT (P = 0.024). The most common failure mode was the mixed type. The type of root canal sealer and the combination of adhesive/resin cements influence pull-out bond strength values. Using the calcium-silicated base sealer may decrease the pull-out bond strength values in certain adhesive/resin cement combinations.

Fabrication of resin cements capable of disintegrating by near-infrared radiation intended for cemented prosthesis removal.

The material concept of resin cements capable of disintegrating due to near-infrared (NIR) radiation was verified. The cements were prepared by adding silicon carbide (SiC), which heats upon absorbing NIR rays, and thermally expandable particles (TEPs) to 4-META/MMA-TBB resin cement. The microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and cytocompatibility of the cements were evaluated. The resin cements with 5 mass% SiC and 20-40 mass% TEPs had significantly lower µTBS after NIR radiation than before NIR radiation, and their cytocompatibility was not decreased by SiC and TEPs additions. Furthermore, in vitro thermal damage tests were performed using the resin cement with 5 mass% SiC and 20 mass% TEPs, a typical composition. The results demonstrated conditions that significantly reduced µTBS and minimized thermal damage by NIR radiation. Although these data are only proof of concept, the possibility that dental devices bonded with these cements could be detached by NIR radiation was demonstrated.

Impact of surface pre-treatment on bond strength between cement and zirconia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

The optimal zirconia pretreatment, contingent upon the type of cement used, warrants further research. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of various surface pretreatments on the bonding efficacy of cement to zirconia. A comprehensive search was conducted across the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for in vitro studies related to bonding with zirconia up to April 2024, supplemented by a manual search. A network meta-analysis was executed to compare different types of cement. Of the 6118 articles screened, 21 were selected for inclusion in this review. These studies examined various surface pretreatment techniques, primers, resin cements, aging protocols, and bond strength testing methods. The highest bond strengths were observed with 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP)-based cements. The network meta-analysis indicated that mechanical and mechano-chemical pretreatments yielded superior results across all cement types. The existing evidence indicates that both surface pretreatments and the specific type of cement should be considered when interpreting the findings of in vitro studies for their application in clinical practice.

Bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to definitive resin crown materials manufactured by additive and subtractive methods.

The aim was to compare different surface pretreatments on definitive resin crown materials manufactured additively or subtractively in terms of shear bond strength (SBS) values. Seven subgroups (n=10) were formed from additively manufactured VarseoSmile Crown Plus (VS) and subtractively manufactured Cerasmart270 blocks (CS) according to different surface pretreatments applied; sandblasting (subgroup SB), hydrofluoric acid (subgroup HF), Multi Primer (subgroup MP), subgroup SB-HF, subgroup SB-MP, subgroup SB-HF-MP, and control subgroup. A 3-mm-diameter composite was cemented onto each sample by self-adhesive resin cement. SBS values were measured and failure modes were analyzed after thermocycling. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. The mean SBS value of VS was found significantly higher than CS (p<0.001). Subgroups SB-HF-MP, HF, SB-MP, and MP of VS exhibited the highest SBS values (p<0.001). The VS exhibited mostly cohesive failure, while CS exhibited mostly adhesive failure.

Fracture Resistance of Chairside CAD/CAM Lithium Disilicate Partial and Full Coverage Crowns and Veneers for Maxillary Canines.

This study aimed to assess the fracture resistance of chairside computer assisted design and computer assisted manufacturing (CAD-CAM) lithium disilicate partial and full-coverage crowns and veneers for maxillary canines. Forty-eight restorations for maxillary right canines (12 per group) were designed as follows: (1) partial crown with finish line in the upper middle third; (2) partial crown with finish line in the lower middle third; (3) traditional labial veneer; and (4) traditional full-coverage crown. Restorations were fabricated out of lithium disilicate (Amber Mill, Hassbio) using a chairside CAD-CAM system (Cerec Dentsply Sirona). Partial and full crowns and veneers were treated with a primer system (Monobond Plus, Ivoclar Vivadent) and cemented using dual-cure resin cement (Variolink Esthetic, Ivoclar Vivadent) and cemented to printed resin dies. Subsequently, the restorations were subjected to 10,000 thermocycles between 5°C and 55°C with a dwell time of 30 seconds. The restorations were then loaded axially on the incisal edge in compression to fracture with a flat indenter. Full-coverage crowns displayed the highest fracture resistance (809±28.57 N) followed by partial crowns with finish line in lower third (649±21.74 N) and crowns with finish line in upper third (421±17.46 N). Veneers displayed the lowest fracture resistance values (259±15.69 N). The fracture resistance of partial and full-coverage crowns and veneers was significantly influenced by the design. Full coverage crowns displayed the highest fracture resistance and partial crowns showed higher fracture resistance than traditional veneers.

Shear bond strength and ARI scores of metal brackets to glazed glass ceramics and zirconia: an in vitro study investigating surface treatment protocols

ObjectiveTo evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores of metal brackets to glazed lithium disilicate reinforced glass-ceramics and zirconia according to various surface treatment protocols.MethodsA total of 240 lithium disilicate ceramic (LD) and 240 zirconia (Zr) blocks were randomly divided according to sandblasting, hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching, universal primer use, and the adhesive system applied. A maxillary canine metal bracket was bonded to each sample with resin cement (Transbond XT, TXT). SBS tests and ARI score analysis were performed. Four-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was used for SBS differences, and Fisher’s exact test was used for the ARI scores (p < 0.05).ResultsAll groups combining a universal primer with a universal adhesive with and without sandblasting provided satisfactory SBS values for both LD and Zr. Fractures of the samples were observed only for LD in the groups combining HF with universal primers and universal adhesives with and without sandblasting.ConclusionsCombining a universal primer with a universal adhesive could be recommended for orthodontic bonding to both LD and Zr. Regarding their risks (i.e., damaging the restoration surface or burning the oral tissues), sandblasting or HF might not be necessary despite the presence of glaze covering the ceramic surface.

Case Report: Managing Complications of Feldspathic Ceramic Fractures in Zirconia-Based Crowns with Feldspathic Veneers

This case report describes the clinical approach in managing a fractured feldspathic ceramic layer in a zirconia supported restoration with a new feldspathic veneer; minimal intervention. The case involved chipping of ceramics at tooth 1.1, in which the damaged part was removed and replaced, sparing the tooth from further intensive preparations or changes to the zirconia framework. The technique involved in the procedure include hydrofluoric acid etching, silanization, and resin cementation to foster a high bond strength. The outcomes of the study revealed an excellent aesthetic result with the replanted veneer blending properly with adjacent teeth. This case raises evidence for using feldspathic ceramics in zirconia-based restorations and demonstrates that such complications can be resolved with stability of function and esthetics. The less invasive treatment modality and the short time taken to restore the teeth suggest the feldspathic veneers as potential solution for similar long-term dentition restoration.

Improving the Push-Out Bond Strength of Fiber Posts in Diabetic Dentin: The Role of Chlorexidine Irrigation and Resin Cements

This study evaluated the effect of resin cements and post-space irrigation solutions on the push-out bond strength of diabetic and non-diabetic dentin. A total of 160 human central teeth (80 diabetic, 80 non-diabetic) were prepared using X5 files and obturated with AH Plus sealer and X5 gutta-percha. Post spaces were prepared, and teeth were divided into eight groups based on resin cements (Variolink N, Panavia SA Universal) and irrigation protocols (saline, saline + 2% CHX). A 1 mm slice from each tooth’s middle third was tested for push-out bond strength. Statistical analysis was performed using three-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. In non-diabetic dentin, saline + CHX with Variolink N achieved the highest bond strength. In diabetic dentin, saline with Panavia SA Universal resulted in the lowest bond strength (p &lt; 0.05). The dentin type, resin cement, and irrigation solution significantly impacted fiber post bond strength, and CHX irrigation improved it.

Revolutionizing Laminate Veneer Bonding: Laser Versus Acid Etching of Enamel.

This study is designed to explore the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser tooth etching versus that of conventional tooth surface treatment on the shear bond strength of ceramic laminate veneers. Seventy-six maxillary premolars were assigned to two groups (n = 38) according to the type of enamel surface treatment approach. Group 1: samples treated with the conventional acid-etch protocol. Group 2: samples subjected to Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Light-curing resin cement was used to bond the restoration to the tooth and specimens were thermocycled for 30,000 cycles. Shear bond strength testing was conducted on all the specimens. The samples were observed using a scanning electron microscope to record enamel topography and a stereomicroscope to monitor the mode of failure. P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. There were no statistically significant differences between the acidetch and laser enamel surface treatment groups for the shear bond strength values at maximum load (MPa) (p-value = .627). There was a significantly higher proportion of cohesive failure in the acid-etch group compared to the laser treatment group and a significantly lower proportion of mixed failure in group 1 compared to group 2 (p-value = .022). Concerning the bond strength of the laminate veneer, the effects of laser and traditional acid etching on the enamel surface were the same. Enamel surfaces can be successfully etched using a laser as an alternative to the traditional acid-etch method.

Bonding super translucent multilayered monolithic zirconia to different foundation materials: an invitro study

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of bonded substrate, zirconia surface conditioning and the interaction between them on the shear bond strength of monolithic zirconia.MethodsForty-eight monolithic zirconia discs were CAD-CAM fabricated and divided into two groups according to surface treatment either as milled and universal primer application (Monobond N, Ivoclar-Vivadent) (P) or sandblasting then universal primer application (Monobond N) (SP). Each main group was further divided into three test groups according to the bonded substrate: dentin (DSP, DP), composite (CSP, CP) or resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) (GSP, GP). Adhesive resin cement (Multilinik automix, Ivoclar-Vivadent) was used for bonding. Specimens were stored in water bath for six months before thermal cycling for 10,000 cycles to mimic intra oral condition. All specimens underwent shear bond strength test (SBS) using a universal testing machine. Two and one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni Post Hoc tests were used for statistical analyses.ResultsThe means ± SD SBS of all test groups were recorded in (MPa). DSP group showed the highest mean SBS (22.65 ± 2.0) followed by DP group (18.61 ± 2.55). Meanwhile, GSP and GP groups showed the lowest mean SBS (4.77 ± 0.09, 4.57 ± 0.73 respectively).ConclusionSandblasting with priming is recommended as a monolithic zirconia surface treatment method. Dentin is the most reliable substrate followed by composite.

Immediate and delayed micro shear bond strength evaluation of two glass ionomer cements to composite resin by using different bonding techniques—an in vitro study

ObjectiveEvaluating immediate and delayed micro shear bond strength (µSBS) between composite resin and glass ionomer cements using different adhesive systems and mechanical surface treatment.Materials and methodsA total of 240 specimens of glass ionomer restorative materials were divided into two groups: Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC) namely Riva Light Cure and Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement (CGIC) namely Riva Self Cure. These were subdivided into immediate (24 h) and delayed (3 months) storage and further divided into smooth, medium, and rough surface treatment with either total etch (TE) or self-etch (SE) adhesive strategies. Composite resin was applied and µSBS of the sample was determined and failure modes were examined.ResultsImmediate µSBS of RMGIC was superior than CGIC and TE was better than SE. Within RMGIC, smooth surface has significantly higher bond strength than medium and rough stone surface treatment. Delayed µSBS of RMGIC was superior than CGIC. Within RMGIC specimens, TE and smooth and medium grit had significantly better bond strength than SE and rough grit. Within CGIC, statistically higher bond strength values were found with medium grit compared to smooth while no difference was found between TE and SE.ConclusionBonding composite resin to smooth RMGIC using TE yielded higher bond strength values than CGIC regardless of the time. Bonding composite resin immediately to CGIC is best done using a TE technique. However, delayed bonding to CGIC requires roughening of the CGIC surface prior to placement of the composite resin to obtain improved bonding.

Enhancing Tensile Bond Strength of Glass Fiber Posts Using Chitosan as a Coupling Agent: A Novel Approach for Improved Dental Restorations

Objectives: This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of chitosan as a coupling agent for improving the tensile bond strength of fiber posts. Methods: A total of 91 single-rooted mandibular teeth were root canal-filled. Post spaces were created and categorized into seven groups: Group A (Control), Group B (Silane), Group C (Chitosan), Group D (37% Phosphoric acid + Silane), Group E (37% Phosphoric acid + Chitosan), Group F (10% Hydrogen Peroxide + Silane), and Group G (10% Hydrogen Peroxide + Chitosan). Posts were cemented and tensile bond strength was measured, while the morphological structure of the fiber posts was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy. One-way (ANOVA) and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests were performed at a level of significance of 5%. The percentages of fracture patterns among the groups were compared. Results: 10% Hydrogen peroxide + Chitosan exhibited the significantly highest tensile bond strength (p &lt; 0.001). Adhesive failures were more frequent in Groups A, B, C, and D, whereas cohesive failures within the resin cement were predominant in Groups E, F, and G. Conclusions: The protocol of using 10% hydrogen peroxide followed by a chitosan coupling agent significantly improved tensile bond strengths for glass fiber posts, which highlights the potential of using chitosan as a natural biopolymer and an alternative to synthetic coupling agents to develop more effective bonding strategies for dental restorations.

Three-unit posterior monolithic fixed dental prostheses made from high-translucent shade-graded zirconia: 3-Year results from a prospective clinical pilot study

ObjectivesTo assess the clinical performance of tooth-supported 3-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) made from shade-graded monolithic 5Y-PSZ (partly stabilized zirconia) zirconia in terms of survival rate and the quality of restorations based on modified FDI criteria over three-years.Materials and methodsHigh-translucent shade-graded monolithic zirconia (Lava Esthetic, Solventum Dental Solutions) was used to manufacture maxillary or mandibular three-unit FDPs in the posterior region (N = 22) employing subtractive milling system (Amann Girrbach). All FDPs were bonded with a universal resin cement (Rely X Universal, Solventum Dental Solutions) and evaluated 4 weeks after cementation (baseline) and after 1, 2, and 3 years. The primary objective was to assess the survival and complication rates of the restorations. Furthermore, the quality of the restorations was evaluated based on selected and modified FDI (World Dental Federation) criteria, which encompass functional, aesthetic, and biological parameters. FDI criteria were analyzed using the Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test.ResultsTwenty-one patients were examined at 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years. The survival rate was 100%. No mechanical complications were observed. A total of 3 biological complications occurred. These were successfully managed without any residual functional impairment. All FDI criteria were found to be clinically acceptable or better.ConclusionsMonolithic shade-graded zirconia FDPs demonstrated 100% survival at 3 years with a low complication rate.Clinical relevanceFixed 3-unit FDPs made of high-translucent monolithic zirconia might be a viable treatment option in the posterior region, preventing the chipping phenomenon and providing favorable aesthetics while allowing for an efficient digital workflow.

Assessment of marginal adaptation of indirect zirconia crown restorations using self-adhesive resin cements modified with polylysine antibacterial particles

The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of incorporated polylysine antibacterial particles (PLS) in two different types of adhesive resin cements on marginal adaptation of indirect crown restorations fabricated from IPS e.max ZirCAD (LT block). Material and methods: 32 maxillary first premolar teeth were prepared to receive indirect crown restorations with the following preparation criteria: occlusal-gingival height of 4 mm, 3% axial wall taperness, and a 0.8 mm circumferential chamfer finishing line that was checked with a digital caliper. The prepared teeth were randomly assigned to four main groups (n=8) according to the type of resin cement used to lute indirect restorations: 1) Rely C: cemented with RelyXTM U200 cement, 2) RelyPLS: cemented with RelyXTM U200 cement incorporated by PLS, 3) BrC: cemented with BreezeTM cement and 4) BrPLS: cemented with BreezeTM cement incorporated BreezeTM cement. The teeth were digitally scanned and crown design was performed using Sirona InLab CAD 15.1 software. Each restoration was cemented to its respective tooth and a 230X magnification power digital microscope was used to measure the marginal gap in µm. The data was then analysed statistically; Independent t-test and a paired t-test were used. Result: The results showed that the crowns cemented by RelyC showed significantly lower mean values of the marginal gap compared to BrC (28.969 μm, 31.06 μm), respectively (p&lt;0.05) and there were no significant differences in marginal adaptation between the groups cemented with resin cement incorporated with PLS and the other groups cemented with resin cement not incorporated with PLS for both types of cements (p&gt;0.05). Furthermore, the results of the paired t-test showed a statistically higher marginal gap after cementation compared to before cementation in all groups (p&lt;0.05) Conclusion: Incorporating antibacterial PLS antibacterial particles into resin cements did not adversely affect marginal adaptation of zirconia crowns. A smaller gap was produced with RelyX compared to Breeze cement.

Comparison of survival time of three adhesive materials used in fixed space maintainer cementation by using ball milling machine: An in vitro study

Background: Premature primary tooth extraction causes loss of arch length, therefore; space preservation is a critical step to prevent space closure that can lead to future malocclusion. This can be achieved by using a space maintainer. Thus study's objective was to assess and contrast the survival of three different luting materials used to cement fixed space maintainers an in vitro study. Materials and Methods: This study used 30 extracted human third molars without caries, cracks, or chemical pretreatment. They were divided into three groups of ten samples (n = 10). The adhesives selected in this study were Relyx Luting 2 (resin modified glass ionomer), TOTALCEM (self-etching, self-adhesive, resin cement, dual cure) and Transbond Plus Light Cure band adhesive (compomer). Manufacturer recommendations for bonding were followed after cleaning and polishing for all surfaces of the teeth. To distinguish the specimens, the middle of the root was drilled with a handpiece and marked with a red marker, then incubated for 24 h at 37 °C before being transferred to a ball mill machine to induce mechanical stress. The machine was opened to check for any failed specimen. This continued until all bands were removed from the teeth. The data was analyzed using log-rank Kaplan-Meier and Bonferroni post hoc tests at p 0.05. Results: the mean survival time of bands cemented with TOTALCEM and RelyX Luting 2 significantly longer than bands cemented with Transbond Plus Light Cure band adhesive (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: band retention with TOTALCEM and RelyX Luting2 superior than bands cemented with Transbond Plus Light Cure Band Adhesive.

The effect of diode laser on the shear bond strength of one step self adhesive systems to human dentin: An in vitro study

Adhesives are integral to modern restorative dentistry for enhanced functional and esthetic outcomes. The use of lasers for improved bonding is on the rise and there is a need to understand the effect of lasers on adhesives. The study aims to evaluate the effect of diode laser irradiation on one-step self-etch adhesive before their polymerization on the shear bond strength between resin cement and dentin. Thirty extracted human teeth were collected and the buccal surface was grounded till dentin was exposed. A window of 3mm x 3mm was made on all the specimens that served as test sites and were randomly allocated to three groups (n = 10); Group 1: G-Premio bond without laser irradiation followed by photopolymerization; Group 2: G-Premio bond with laser irradiation without photopolymerization, and Group 3: G-Premio bond with laser irradiation followed by photopolymerization. The Shear Bond Strength (SBS) was determined using a Universal Testing Machine. One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey test was used with a level of significance at P ≤ 0.05. SBS was significantly highest among Group 3 followed by Group 1 and the least SBS was found in Group 2 (P &amp;#60; 0.001). A post hoc test revealed significant differences between all three groups (P &amp;#60; 0.001). G-Premio bond irradiated with a diode laser followed by photo-polymerization exhibited the highest SBS.

Digital wear analysis of onlay restorations constructed from two pressable glass-based ceramics against natural enamel: An in vitro study

Background. The wear resistance of lithium disilicate glass ceramics remains inadequately understood. Therefore, the primary objective of this in vitro study was to digitally assess the wear characteristics of lithium disilicate and zirconia-reinforced lithium disilicate pressable ceramics following chewing simulation. Methods. Twenty-two onlay ceramic restorations were fabricated on epoxy dies replicated from the maxillary first premolar ivory tooth master die. The onlay samples were randomly allocated to two equal groups (n=11) based on the material used: group L (lithium disilicate [IPS e.max Press]) and group Z (zirconia-reinforced lithium disilicate [Vita Ambria]). Self-adhesive resin cement was used to cement all of the samples. Each sample was occluded with the buccal cusps of healthy human upper first premolar teeth (n=22). Subsequently, all the samples were scanned using an intraoral scanner (Medit i500) at baseline and after chewing simulation. The acquired standard tessellation language (STL) files of baseline and post-chewing simulation data were superimposed, and the volumetric loss (mm3) and wear depth (μm) of the materials and their enamel antagonists were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-test (P=0.05). Results. There was no statistically significant difference in the wear behavior of Vita Ambria compared to IPS e.max (P&lt;0.05). Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference in the wear behavior of their enamel antagonists (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion. IPS e.max Press and Vita Ambria ceramics demonstrated comparable wear behavior.

Buonocore Memorial Lecture 2023: Changing Operative Mindsets with Universal Adhesives and Cements.

Adhesive dentistry has undergone significant advancements since its inception, marked by continuous improvements in material performance and adaptability to various dental and restorative substrates. Initially, the anatomical differences between enamel and dentin made adhesive approaches challenging. Early systems were often complex and operator dependent, leading to the development of multistep protocols. However, advancements have led to the creation of more user-friendly self-etch systems and the emergence of universal adhesives (UAs). These UAs can be applied with equal effectiveness to different substrates, including enamel and dentin, simplifying the clinical workflow and enhancing reliability. The concept of universality has recently been extended to other dental materials, most notably universal resin cements. These cements offer a versatile approach as they are capable of both adhesive and self-adhesive bonding, thereby accommodating a wide range of restorative scenarios. The advent of these materials represents a significant advance toward simplifying procedures, reducing technique sensitivity and the likelihood of operator error and achieving consistently high quality restorations. Current research focuses on further refining these universal materials to enhance their performance, making them a cornerstone of modern adhesive dentistry.

Surface characteristics of resin composite cores and bond strength to CAD/CAM resin matrix glass-ceramic restorations after different treatment protocols.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of various mechanical surface treatments on thesurface roughness and microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of aged composite resin cores bonded to CAD/CAM restorations. Composite resin specimens (Filtek Z350 XT, 3M-ESPE/Solventum) were thermally aged and subsequently divided into four groups (n = 36) according to surface treatments: UI-cleaning with ultrasonic diamond tip; AO-sandblasting with 50µm Al2O3; DB-cleaning with diamond burs; and CG-positive control group, without aging or surface treatment. Surface roughness was assessed using a profilometer and interferometer, with measurements taken on both sides of each specimen (n = 12). The surface characteristics were further analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (n = 12). In addition, PMMA blocks were temporarily cemented (n = 12) onto the resin blocks, and after surface treatments, resin matrix glass-ceramic blocks were adhesively luted with dual-cure resin cement (RelyX Ultimate, 3&nbsp;M-ESPE/ Solventum, St. Paul, MN, USA) to the resin composite substrates. The CG specimens were adhesively luted to the indirect restorations without temporary restorations or surface treatment. After luting, the specimens were sectioned and tested for µTBS. The results (p = 0.05) from the profilometry and interferometry analyses indicated the highest surface roughness values for the DB group, followed by AO, UI, and CG. SEM analysis revealed marked morphological differences among the groups. Regarding µTBS, the GC specimens (25.78 ± 5.70MPa) and UI specimens (25.56 ± 11.36MPa) exhibited statisticallysimilar values, which were superior to those of the AO (12.25 ± 4.34MPa) and DB (13.16 ± 5.59MPa) groups (p < 0.001), which showed comparable results. In conclusion, the use of ultrasonic diamond tips resulted in the most favorable outcomes in terms of cleaning effectiveness, surface roughness, and bond strength among the surface treatments analyzed for resin composite cores.

Multilayer Ultratranslucent Monolithic Zirconia Crowns Treated With Multimode Universal Adhesive System Containing Zirconia Primer: A Clinical Report

ABSTRACTIntroductionUltratranslucent zirconia combines high mechanical strength and esthetics, making it ideal for monolithic restorations. This case report describes a total rehabilitation of the upper dental arch with single‐unit crowns made of multilayer ultratranslucent zirconia (Prettau 4 Anterior, Zirkonzahn), as well as the use of a simplified adhesive cementation protocol for this type of ceramic.Materials and MethodsA 64‐year‐old female patient sought rehabilitative treatment, after planning in a semi‐adjustable articulator, interim prostheses, from tooth 2 to 15, were installed to restore occlusal vertical dimension and esthetics. After all surgical, periodontal, and endodontic procedures, impressions of the upper and lower arches were taken. In the maxilla, 14 zirconia crowns with a color gradient were fabricated and cemented, with their internal surface treated with a multimode adhesive system containing zirconia primer (Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE). The same adhesive system was applied to the preparations, and the crowns were cemented with dual resin cement (RelyX Ultimate, 3M ESPE).ResultsAfter the crowns exhibited excellent esthetic results, with only a minor fracture observed on the palatal cusps of the right first upper premolars.ConclusionsThus, ultratranslucent zirconia appears to be a viable option for oral rehabilitation with single‐unit crowns due to its excellent clinical performance.Clinical SignificanceMonolithic ultratranslucent zirconia crowns are able to reproduce the natural characteristics of dental elements. Additionally, the application of 10‐methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate‐based primer has proven to be an efficient surface treatment for adhesive cementation of UT zirconia.