Resin Ratio Research Articles

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLET OF LEVOCETIRIZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE AND MONTELUKAST SODIUM

Introduction: Fast disintegrating tablets (FDTs) have received ever-increasing demand during the last decade, and the field has become a rapidly growing area in the pharmaceutical industry. Objective: The aim of the present study was to formulate fast-dissolving tablets of Levocetirizine dihydrochloride (LEV) and Montelukastsodium (MON) by direct compression method. Material And Methods: An attempt was made to mask the bitter taste of Levocetirizine by preparing an ion exchange resin complex by a batch method using Kyron T-104. The tablets were prepared using mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose as diluents, and croscarmellose sodium and crospovidone as super disintegrants. Parameters like a drug: resin ratio, pH & swelling time were successfully optimized to prepare the drug resin complex. The fast-dissolving tablets were characterized for various pre and post-compression parameters along with disintegration time, content uniformity, wetting time, in-vitro drug release, in vivo taste evaluation, and compatibility studies. Result and Discussion: The tablets prepared by direct compression method possess a hardness of 3.4 to 3.6 Kg/cm², percentage friability of 0.65 to 0.80, in vitro disintegration time of 29.82 to 51.7 seconds, and wetting time of 20.4 to 46.8 seconds. The formulation (F4)containing crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium in 2:4 ratios showed better disintegration time and more than 99% drug release within 6 minutes. Comparative taste evaluation proves the palatability of formulated tablets. Results of stability studies were also found in acceptable limits. Conclusion: The prepared orodispersible tablets disintegrate within seconds without the need for water and enhance absorption; thismay lead to increased bioavailability of LEV as well as MON.

Study on Mechanical Properties and Fracture Mechanisms of Lignin Fiber/epoxy Resin Composites

Lignin fiber/epoxy resin compositeused for energy absorbing was prepared by atmospheric stirring method. Quasi-static compressive mechanics tests were implemented by using the electronic universal mechanics tester (WDW-100KN) under ambient conditions to analyze the compressing behavior of the matrix material and composite at the strain rate of 10-2s-1 .Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the microstructure of the composite after quasi-static compression damage. The results showed that when the ratio of epoxy resin and curing agent was 3:1, the internal structure of the matrix material was more uniform with smoother cross-section, which represented better mechanical properties. It was found that the addition of lignin fiber changed the compression characteristics of the matrix material, resulting in a strengthening stage appeared. At the same time, when the lignin fiber content was 2% or 3%, the composite could absorb more impact energy and delay crack generation, which met the performance requirement of energy absorbing materials.

A mechanically durable induction heating coating with desirable anti-/de-icing performance

ABSTRACT The anti-/de-icing technology based on induction heating offers significant advantages regarding fast heating, high efficiency, safety and environmental protection. However, the reported methods require the modification of base materials, which lacks universal applicability. Here, a universal and facile anti-/de-icing method is proposed based on induction heating. The durable induction heating coating was prepared by one-step spin coating with micron-sized nickel powder, epoxy resin and silicone resin. The induction heating ability of this coating was investigated by adjusting the proportion of composition, particle size and thickness. An optimal induction heating ability was achieved with the mass ratio of nickel powder and resin, particle size of nickel powder and coating thickness being 1.5, 7 μm and 1070 μm, respectively. We further show this coating can be applied for anti-/de-icing, demonstrated by its excellent de-/anti-icing performances. Finally, the mechanical durability of the coating was verified by the tape peel and sandpaper friction.

Resin composition: An indicator of oil maturity as revealed by fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

A pyrolysis experiment was carried out on a Dongying Depression kerogen sample to separate the resin from the oil. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) with a positive-ion detector was used to detect the relative proportional changes in the compounds of the resin. During the whole pyrolysis experiment, the relative ratio of resin exceed 10% of the soluble component at each temperature point. Five compounds were detected from the resin: N1, N1O1, N1O2, O1, and O2. To research the changes in the proportions of the compounds during pyrolysis clearly, these five compounds were divided into three classes: N1, N1Ox, and Ox. The N1 class has the largest proportion in resin at the beginning of the pyrolysis, while Ox class has the least proportion. And the relationship between the number and the molecular mass of three classes compound was researched. With increasing maturity, the proportion of N1 and the N1Ox class decreased rapidly, while the Ox class increased slowly. Through researching these resin compounds, it was found that an inversion in the proportions of above three compounds appeared at the end of the oil window. At the same time, we found that the DBE and carbon number of resin compounds have changed obviously during the pyrolysis: the DBE increased, while the carbon number decreased significantly. And the details of the change of each compound have been research. This research extends our knowledge of judging the maturity of crude oil during the pyrolysis through the characteristics of compounds in resin and provides the new index based on resin for the evaluation of thermal evolution stage and hydrocarbon generation capacity of source rocks.

Laboratory evaluation on oil-soluble resin as selective water shut-off agent in water control fracturing for low-permeability hydrocarbon reservoirs with bottom aquifer

During the development of low-permeability hydrocarbon reservoirs with bottom aquifer, hydraulic fracturing is essentially employed for commercial oil flow while increasing the potential risk of serious water production, thus water control hydraulic fracturing technology plays important role on addressing this challenge. In this work, a water control fracturing technique is developed to integrate fracture height containment with selective water shut-off. Specifically, oil-soluble resin is used as selective water shut-off agent and is injected with sinking agent simultaneously, carried by fracturing fluid at the fracture generation stage, to establish an improved artificial barrier. Afterwards, a modified fracture conductivity test equipment is designed and manufactured to measure the selective conductivity of the artificial barrier, its sensitivity to temperature, ratio of oil-soluble resin to sinking agent, two-phase flow are studied to evaluate the capability of selective water shut-off.The results demonstrated that 1) the occupation in porous space of sinking agent (0.212–0.425 mm) and the status change from glassy state to high elastic state of oil-soluble resin are mainly responsible for water shut-off; 2) The ratio of oil-soluble resin to sinking agent in 10 g: 70 g and temperature at 75 °C are two critical value to significantly reduce water conductivity in our experiments; 3) Fast dissolution of resin in oil results in oil conductivity over 5 to 100 times higher than water conductivity to achieve selective water shut-off. The results presented herein will provide important guidance on water control in low permeability reservoirs with active bottom aquifer and will promote the unconventional hydrocarbon recovery.

Binary Resin-Curing Agent Systems for Fabricating Epoxy and Graphene Oxide-loaded Epoxy Films

In this research, diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol-A (BADGE) and polyethylene glycol (PEGDGE) were binarily cured with a mixture of diamine curing agents including isophorone diamine and polyethylene glycol diamine (PEGDA) in the absence/presence of aminated graphene oxide nanoplatelets (AGNPs, 0.5 wt.%). Four molar ratios of diglycidyl ethers and curing agents were used stoichiometrically in isothermal curing systems. The films prepared from the epoxy networks were entirely strong and pliable. All epoxy thermosets were evaluated using field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and diffuse reflectance-ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy (DR-UV/vis). The absorption coefficients of the epoxy and AGNPs-loaded epoxy materials decreased with increasing the molar ratio of PEGDGE resin and polyethylene glycol diamine curing agent. According to dynamic mechanical analysis no phase heterogeneity occurred in the structure of the prepared thermostats. When the thermoset materials were loaded by AGNPs filler, the peaks associated with alpha relaxations shifted to higher temperatures. Moreover, thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that the thermal stability of the prepared epoxy thermosets slightly increased after the addition of the nanoplatelets. In addition, the thermal resistance of the prepared thermosets decreased to some extent by increasing the participation rate of monomers containing polyoxyethylene.

The Pyrolysis Behaviors of Blended Pellets of Pine Wood and Urea-Formaldehyde Resin

TG-FTIR and PY-GC/MS were used to analyze the pyrolysis behaviors of pine wood, urea-formaldehyde resin (UF resin) and their blended pellets. The pyrolysis process was divided into three stages: water evaporation, devolatilization and pyrolysis residue decomposition. During the pyrolysis process of the blended pellets, with the increase of the addition ratio of UF resin, the peak value of the weight loss decreased in the decomposition stage of the pyrolysis residue, while the temperature shifted to the low-temperature region. This was mainly due to the structural stability of pyrolytic carbon produced by UF resin, which hindered the thermal decomposition of lignin-produced residues in pine. FTIR showed that CO2 was the main product of pyrolysis. For UF resin, nitrogen compounds accounted for a large proportion. With the addition of UF resin, the nitrogen in the blended pellets increased significantly. Since the synergistic effect promoted the further decomposition of the organic oxygen-containing structure, the NO release was still increased. PY-GC/MS showed that co-pyrolysis produced more nitrogen-containing compounds and promoted the decomposition of macromolecular phenol derivatives, lipids and ketones, resulting in more small-molecule acids and alcohols.

Surface profile analysis of laminated transfemoral prosthetic socket fabricated with different ratios of epoxy resin and acrylic resin

Acrylic and epoxy are common types of resin used in fabricating sockets. Different types of resin will affect the internal surface of a laminated socket. This paper is to determine the best combination of ratio for epoxy and acrylic resin for a laminated prosthesis socket and to evaluate the surface profile analysis of different combinations of laminated prosthetic sockets for surface roughness. Transfemoral sockets were created using various resin-to-hardener ratios of 2:1, 3:1, 3:2, 2:3, and 1:3 for epoxy resin and 100:1, 100:2, 100:3, 100:4, and 100:5 for acrylic resin. Eight layers of stockinette consisting of four elastic stockinette and four Perlon stockinette were used. A sample with a size of 4 cm × 6 cm was cut out from the socket on the lateral side below the Greater Trochanter area. The Mitutoyo Sj-210 Surface Tester stylus was run through the sample and gave the Average Surface Roughness value (Ra), Root Mean Square Roughness value (Rq), and Ten-Point Mean Roughness value (Rz). Epoxy resin shows a smoother surface compared to acrylic resin with Ra values of is 0.766 µm, 0.9716 µm, 0.9847 µm and 1.5461 µm with 3:2, 3:1, 2:1 and 2:3 ratio respectively. However, for epoxy resin with ratio 1:3, the resin does not cure with the hardener. As for acrylic resin the Ra values are 1.0086 µm, 2.362 µm, 3.372 µm, 4.762 µm and 6.074 µm with 100: 1, 100:2, 100:5, 100:4 and 100:3 ratios, respectively. Epoxy resin is a better choice in fabricating a laminated socket considering the surface produced is smoother.

Treatment of phenolic wastewater by anaerobic fluidized bed microbial fuel cell filled with polyaniline–macroporous adsorption resin as multifunctional carrier

AbstractThe modified resin is used as a multifunctional biological carrier to treat phenolic wastewater (PW) in an anaerobic fluidized bed microbial fuel cell (AFB‐MFC). First, the modified resin was prepared, and the conductive polyaniline (PANI) was polymerized in situ on the surface and pores of the macroporous adsorption resin (MAR) to prepare the modified resin composite material (MAR/PANI). A series of modified resins with different mass ratios of resin and aniline were prepared. The modified resins were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specific surface area, and pore structure analysis. Materials Studio (MS) software was used to study the internal interaction forces of PANI and MAR, and the molecular dynamics simulation method was used to analyze and calculate the cohesive energy density. The simulation results are qualitatively consistent with the experimental data. The sorption module in the MS software was used to study the adsorption behaviour of the modified resin to the organic components in the wastewater, and the adsorption mechanism was explained on the atomic scale. When the modified resin with m (MAR):m(An) = 1:0.6 was used in the AFB‐MFC, the chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency of wastewater was increased by 26.2%–88.90%, the voltage was increased by 98.46%–489.2 mV, and power density was increased by 303.28%–131.43 ± 0.17 mW/m2.

Surface Properties of Concrete and Bonding Strength of Pine Resin-Based Adhesives to Concrete Surfaces

This article reports a quantitative investigation of the surface characteristics of normal concrete manufactured with different types of formworks and bonding strength between pine resin-based adhesives and concrete surfaces. Three types of formworks and adhesives with different ratios of pine resin to wax were prepared. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersiveX-ray spectroscopy, white-light scanning interferometry, and electrophoretic light scattering were utilized for the surface characterization of concrete, and a bonding test was performed. Test results showed that the surface roughness of concrete was significantly influenced by the type of formwork; all techniques including visual observation provided similar results. On the contrary, chemical compositions and electrical characteristics were not influenced by the type of formwork. Bonding test results showed that bonding strength increased as the ratio of wax increased and the degree of the concrete surface roughness increased. The results of this study indicate the feasibility of pine resin-based adhesives for concrete structures as green construction materials.

Optimizing the replacement ratio of ion exchange resins in polishing plants by characterization and cost evaluation

Optimizing the replacement ratio of ion exchange resins in polishing plants by characterization and cost evaluation

Pengaruh Fraksi Volume dan Orientasi Serat Pada Komposit Hibrid Berpenguat Serat Gambas serta Eceng Gondok Terhadap Kekuatan Bending

Wood is increasingly difficult to obtain due to the use of excess wood. Many efforts were made to replace wood, one of which was composite material. This study aims to determine the most optimal bending strength with the influence of variations in volume fractions and fiber orientation in hybrid composites with luffa fibers and hyacinth fibers. In making composites using the hand lay-up method with alaklization treatment on gambas and hyacinth fibers using 5% NaOH which is varied with the volume fraction used in this study with the ratio of resin: hyacinth: gambas is (60%:20% :20%),(70%:15%:15%), as well as (80% :10%:10%) and the orientation of the fibers with the arrangement of the luffa / hyacinth / luffa layer is (0°/ 45 °/ 90°), (0˚/45˚/0˚), (90˚/0˚/90˚). Bending testing was performed with ASTM D790 standard and hypothesis testing using the two-way ANOVA method. From the results of bending testing, the most optimal strength value was found, which was 43.33 N / mm2, where the value was not higher than the bending strength value in the multiplex, which was 17.53 N / mm2. Meanwhile, the results of hypothesis testing are that there is an influence on the volume fraction factor, the direction of fiber orientation and the interaction with bending forces.

Preparation and performance of durable waterproof adhesive layer for steel bridge deck based on self-stratification effect

In view of the shortcomings of the existing steel bridge deck waterproof adhesive layer (WAL), such as poor durability, high construction cost and long construction period, a new preparation method of waterproof coating with self-stratification effect is proposed. In this paper, poly butyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate–styrene block copolymer with lower glass transition temperature was synthesized by free radical solution polymerization, and 5 kinds of self-stratification coatings were obtained by mixing it with epoxy resin at different mass ratios. The glass transition temperature, thermal stability and chemical composition of acrylic resin were characterized by DSC, TGA, and FT-IR. The self-stratification behavior of the coatings was confirmed by FT-IR, SEM, and water contact angle test. The basic performance and road performance of above self-stratifying waterproof coatings were tested according to specific standards. The results show that these coatings exhibit excellent heat resistance, low temperature flexibility and mechanical properties, namely, average tensile strength can reach 6 MPa, the elongation at break can reach 108 %. Furthermore, the coatings also present extraordinary pull-out strength of 9.51 MPa and excellent water impermeability. Moreover, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the self-stratifying waterproof coatings after UV aging test decreased by 7.3 % and 5.2 %, respectively, indicating that above coating have excellent durability. Therefore, the performance of the coating prepared in this paper fully meets the requirements of the road and bridge waterproof coating standards. The optimum mixing ratio of acrylic resin and epoxy resin is recommended as 3:7 based on their performance. Finally, self-stratifying mechanism of coatings was proposed based on the surface energy theory, which provides theoretical support for the design and preparation of the steel bridge deck WAL.

Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Composites PMMA Denture Base with Varying Concentrations of Nano-ZrO<sub>2</sub> and Glass Fiber

Studying the effects of hybrid reinforcement made of nano-zirconium oxide and chopped glass fibers for poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture bases, nano- ZrO2 (n ZrO2) at grain sizes (46.7 nm) which measured using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and different ratios on the mechanical characteristics was the aim of this study .To make the pure sample, a 2:1 powder to liquid ratio of typical acrylic resin was used. Hybrid composites with varying concentrations of nano-ZrO2 (nZrO2) and glass fiber (GFs) (2.5%nZrO2+2.5% GFs), (3.5%nZrO2+1.5%GFs), (1.5%nZrO2+3.5% GFs) were introduced. Mechanical tests as tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, shore D hardness are used to learn about the properties of manufactured composites. Antibacterial testing, water absorption, density testing, and thermal conductivity these indicated that composites may be effectively turned into filler material. In addition to X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The result show increased the mechanical properties of the PMMA denture base material. The tensile strength flexural strength, and impact strength increase for all hybrid ratio and reach maximum value at the concentration (2.5%nZrO2+2.5% GFs) compared to unreinforced PMMA.While hardness increase and reach maximum value at the concentration (3.5%nZrO2+1.5% GFs). In addition, thermal conductivity and density, the maximum value at concentration (1.5%nZrO2+3.5% GFs), as well as water absorption decrease as ratio of nZrO2 increase this shoed in concentration (3.5wt. % nZrO2 +1.5wt. %, GFs).

Investigation of Impact Properties of Carboxylated‐terminated Liquid Acrylonitrile Rubber and Cerium Oxide Nano Double‐toughened Epoxy Resin

AbstractThe excellent physical properties of epoxy resin are not available in other thermoplastic materials, but the toughness of pure species samples is relatively poor. In this experiment, epoxy resin was toughened by adding carboxylated‐terminated liquid acrylonitrile rubber and cerium oxide nanoparticles. The samples were subjected to performance tests, including impact tests, scanning electron microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Thermal stability analysis. Based on the analysis of the performance test results, the best toughening mass ratio of the raw material of the double toughened epoxy resin was obtained. The mass ratio of epoxy resin to double toughening agent was 4 : 1. In the double toughening agent, the mass ratio of carboxylated‐terminated liquid acrylonitrile rubber to cerium oxide nano was 4 : 1. The impact strength of the double toughened epoxy resin at the optimum toughened mass ratio can reach 31.77 KJ/m2. This is an impact strength increase of 692 % compared with the pure epoxy resin.

Separation of waste tantalum capacitors by supercritical methanol: Recovery of high-purity metal tantalum and producing of bisphenol/diphenyl chemicals

With the rapid upgrading of electronic products, a large amount of waste tantalum capacitors (WTC) were generated. The recovery and purification of the WTC attracted widespread interest due to the high-value rare metal tantalum and resin materials. However, the recovery and purification of the WTC was difficult due to the heterogeneous complex composition including metal tantalum, nickel–iron, silver, and organic resins. High-temperature and the potential formation of the hazardous compounds such as dioxins are the main bottleneck of the traditional thermochemical treatment methods for the WTC. In this study, a novel and high-efficiency supercritical methanol (SCM) process was developed for the recovery and purification of tantalum and resins from the WTC based on the low hydrogen bonding numbers and dielectric constant of methanol. The tantalum could be recovered as pure metal tantalum, and the resins were converted into oil by the SCM process. The temperature, time, and solid-to-liquid ratio have significant effect on the conversion ratio of resins. Under the optimal SCM conditions (350 °C, 90 min, and 1:20 g/mL), 97.1% of the external resins of capacitor were converted into oil (99.5%) and gas (0.5%), and the high-purity metal tantalum could be fully recovered. GC–MS and FT-IR analysis showed that the products converted from the resins in the WTC mainly included high level of aromatic derivatives of bisphenol and diphenyl (88.02%), which could be used as fuel or chemical feedstock after proper upgrade. The SCM method is an environmentally friendly process for the recovery and purification of the WTC without any discharge of waste water and off-gas due to that the treatment medium methanol could be recycled. The conversion mechanism of resins in the WTC by the SCM process was proposed.

Flexible Disk Ultramicroelectrode for High-Resolution and Substrate-Tolerable Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Imaging.

A simple and universal strategy for fabricating flexible 25 μm platinum (Pt) disk ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) was proposed, where a pulled borosilicate glass micropipette acted as a mold for shaping the flexible tip with flexible epoxy resin. The whole preparation procedure was highly efficient, enabling 10 or more probes to be manually fabricated within 10 h. Intriguingly, this technique permits an adjustable RG ratio, tip length, and stiffness, which could be tuned according to varying experimental demands. Besides, the electroactive area of the probe could be exposed and made renewable with a thin blade, allowing its reuse in multiple experiments. The flexibility characterization was then employed to optimize the resin/hardener mass ratio of epoxy resin and the tip position during HF etching in the fabrication process, suggesting that more hardener, a larger RG value, or a longer tip length obtained stronger deformation resistance. Subsequently, the as-prepared probe was examined by optical microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and SECM approach curves. The results demonstrated the probe possessed good geometry with a small RG ratio of less than 3 and exceptional electrochemical properties, and its insulating sheath remained undeformed after blade cutting. Owing to the tip's flexibility, it could be operated in contactless mode with an extremely low working distance and even in contact mode scanning to achieve high spatial resolution and high sensitivity while guaranteeing that the tip and samples would suffer minimal damage if the tip crashed. Finally, the flexible probe was successfully employed in three scanning scenarios where tilted and 3D structured PDMS microchips, a latent fingerprint deposited on the stiff copper sheet, and soft egg white were included. In all, the flexible probe encompasses the advantages of traditional disk UMEs and circumvents their principal drawbacks of tip crash and causing sample scratches, which is thus more compatible with large specimens of 3D structured, stiff, or even soft topography.

Cornus Alba Reinforced Polyester-Epoxy Hybrid Composite Production and Characterization

In this study, ornamental cranberry (Cornus Alba) reinforced hybrid composite is synthesized. The plant leaves have been collected, dried, and ground for composite production. After it is reinforced into unsaturated polyester (UP) at different rates by mass, it is mixed to show a homogeneous distribution. Then, 5 wt.% of the total mixture is added to the epoxy resin and polymerization reactions are started with the help of necessary additives and catalysts. The product obtained is poured into standard molds and after waiting one day for curing, necessary tests are carried out. According to the results obtained, biomass supplementation reduces the density of the hybrid composite. Although the addition of epoxy resin increases the hardness of the composite, the ornamental cranberry supplement reduces Shore D hardness. It is observed that the thermal conductivity coefficient decreases as the ratio of polyester resin in the composite increases. However, both epoxy resin and biomass reinforcement slightly raises the thermal conductivity coefficient. Also, high biomass reinforcement both weakens the mechanical strength of the hybrid composite and negatively affects the surface morphology. In this study, it was determined that the composite obtained by using 88.5 wt.% UP, 3 wt.% Epoxy A, 1.5 wt.% Epoxy B, 5 wt.% biomass, 1.5 wt.% methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP), and 0.5 wt.% cobalt octoate (Co Oc) showed optimum properties.

Preparation and Properties of Epoxy Resin and Polyurethane Blend Resin-Based Low-Infrared-Emissivity Coatings

A low-infrared-emissivity composite coating with outstanding mechanical properties and low glossiness was prepared by using an epoxy resin and polyurethane blend modified resin, flake brass powder, the silane coupling agent KH560, and a dispersant as an adhesive, a functional pigment, and interface modifiers, respectively. The effects of the mass ratios of epoxy resin and polyurethane, the addition amount of flake brass powder, the addition amount of KH560, and the addition amount of dispersant on the coating performance were systematically discussed. The results show that the coating has lower emissivity (0.424) and glossiness (28.8) when the mass ratio of epoxy resin to polyurethane is 6:4 and the addition amount of brass powder is 50 wt%. Using KH560 to modify the interface structure of the coating, KH560 can form chemical bond with the resin matrix and flake brass powder so as to obviously improve the impact strength and flexibility of the coating. The addition of the dispersant can obviously enhance the dispersion state of the flake brass powder in the coating and thus enhance the reflection intensity of infrared light for the coating, such that the emissivity of the coating is obviously reduced. When the addition amount of KH560 is 7 wt% and the addition amount of the dispersant is 9 wt%, the coating has the optimal emissivity (0.332), glossiness (9.0), adhesion strength (grade 1), impact strength (50 kg·cm), and flexibility (1 mm) at the same time. The above mentioned low-infrared-emissivity coating has an important application prospect in the field of infrared stealth for various aircraft.

Fabrication of epoxy/SiO2/ZnO superhydrophobic nanocomposite mesh membranes for oil-water separation: Correlating oil flux to fabrication parameters via Box-Behnken design

Superhydrophobic nanocomposite mesh membranes were constructed by facile scalable spray deposition method without using low surface energy modifiers for oil-water separation. The Box-Behnken design was applied to study the influence of the main fabrication parameters consisting of spray solution concentration (g.L−1), the mass ratio of SiO2:ZnO (wt%), and the mass ratio of epoxy resin to the total nanoparticles (wt%) on the permeation flux of mesh membranes. The results indicated that increasing the concentration of spray solution led to a decrease in the oil flux due to increasing the coating thickness. The permeation flux first decreased with an increase in the weight percentage of epoxy resin in the spray solution because of the formation of the high density of SiO2/ ZnO coating and then slowly increased due to decreasing coating thickness. The best performance of chloroform flux of 18.3E+03 L/m2.h and separation efficiency of >97% corresponded to the fabricated mesh membrane with 80 wt% of SiO2 to ZnO, 33.33 wt% of epoxy resin to total nanoparticles, and 30 g.L−1 of spray solution concentration. This mesh membrane exhibited superior superhydrophobic properties, outstanding chemical resistance, and excellent mechanical durability. The coated mesh displayed good icephobic characteristics with low ice adhesion.