Resin Matrix Composite Materials Research Articles

Characteristics and degradability of laser print waste paper fiber reinforced PLA resin matrix composite materials

AbstractAs is well known, Laser print paper is usually produced with high‐quality chemical wood pulp. The laser print waste paper fiber (LPWF) is a high‐quality secondary fiber, and the research and development of high‐value utilization technology for laser print waste paper has attracted much attention in the field of renewable resource recycling. In this study, LPWF was used to reinforce poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites in the field, and the composites were modified with bioenzyme, cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM), and nano‐silicon carbide (Nano‐SiC) to enhance the interfacial compatibility of LPWF/PLA composites. The study systematically investigated the effects of various modification methods on the characteristics and degradability of composites made from laser print waste paper fiber reinforced PLA resin matrix. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the composites treated with CPAM and Nano‐SiC were significantly improved, with tensile strengths of 54.3 and 59.5 MPa, and flexural strengths of 85.1 and 91.5 MPa, respectively, and the water absorption of the composites was reduced after the modification treatment, while the thermal stability was improved. The degradation performance of the composites in various water environments indicated that the inclusion of LPWF accelerated the water degradation rate of the composites, with the maximum degradation rate of the composite reaching 1.26% in 30 days.Highlights Laser print waste paper is an excellent quality recyclable fiber resource. Four modifiers were used to modify LPWF/PLA composites. Characteristics and degradability of the composites were investigated. Significantly improved properties of CPAM and Nano‐SiC modified composites. The degradation rate of composites is increased by the addition of LPWF.

Experimental and Simulation Study on Low-velocity Impact Damage of Composite Laminates under Temperature Environment

The composite material casing of aero-engine operates in different temperature environments and is inevitably impacted by external objects during use. The resin matrix composite materials are sensitive to temperature, which leads to more complex damage propagation and failure modes of materials under temperature environment. The influence of temperature environment on low-velocity impact damage of composite materials needs to be studied. In this paper, the T300/QY8911 composite laminates were subjected to low-velocity impact test and simulation study under three different temperature environments of 20°C, 120°C, and 180°C. The impact damage detection was carried out by visual inspection and ultrasonic C-scan to analyze the influence of temperature on the damage of composite laminates. Finite element simulation analysis was also conducted on the gradual expansion process of impact damage of composite laminates under different temperature environments to predict the impact damage area of laminates. The results show that the main damage forms are matrix cracking and delamination and the temperature has a significant effect on the low-velocity impact damage of composite laminates. Under the same impact energy, the length of the back crack and the cracking damage of the matrix of the laminate decreases as the temperature increases; the impact damage area and the delamination damage of the laminate increases as the temperature increases.

Damage evolution model and failure mechanism of continuous carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin matrix composite materials

As a new composite material with high strength, toughness, and heat resistance, the continuous fiber-reinforced polyaryl ether sulfone ketone (PPESK) thermoplastic resin matrix composite (CFRP) has a wide temperature range, which is attributed to the complex temperature sensitivity of the matrix. The failure evolution characteristics under different conditions are not clear yet, which significantly limits its development and application to high-precision equipment. In this work, in order to deeply explore the full three-dimensional (3D) multi-scale multi-physics damage evolution mechanism of the CFRP over a wide temperature range, macroscale cross-temperature stretching/bending experiments, computer tomography (CT) scanning, and microscale scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are performed to effectively capture the overall damage morphology and local fiber/matrix damage failure characteristics of the material. The results show that the reinforcement with continuous fibers increases the tensile strength of the CFRP by 14–45 times and its bending strength by 2–6 times compared to those of the PPESK matrix in the cross-temperature domain. Moreover, the main failure mechanism of the CFRP in the cross-temperature domain is matrix crushing and fiber fracture at room temperature and fiber fretting slip and matrix viscous flow at high temperatures. This further explains the deformation mechanism of the CFRP, which can maintain its stability at high temperatures (low elongation at break: 1%–1.2%). The unique trans-temperature regional energy evolution and continuous fiber reinforcement of the material matrix resin PPESK lay the synergic stability of the high temperature performance and damage morphology of the CFRP. In particular, a cell model is constructed to further reveal the damage evolution characteristics of the matrix, fiber, and interface of the CFRP at the micro-scale. Combined with the failure mode theory and the performance degradation mechanism of composite materials, the temperature influence factor is introduced to formulate a multi-scale full 3D temperature-dependent damage evolution constitutive model of the CFRP over a wide temperature range. The constitutive model of the CFRP is incorporated in finite element software, and the simulation results are compared with the experimental ones for validation. The results show that the model developed in this work can effectively characterize the complex mechanical damage morphology and progressive failure characteristics of the CFRP over a wide temperature range.

Investigating the influence of sugarcane bagasse ash volume variation in glass fiber reinforced with epoxy resin matrix composite material

Composites were manufactured from glass fiber, bagasse fly ash, and epoxy matrix and examined their mechanical and physical properties. The percentages of bagasse fine ash, glass fiber, and matrix were designed at 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% with 30% glass fiber and conducted density, flexural strength, hardness, absorption of water, and swelling properties of thickness. Composites were prepared by manual layering. ASTM standards were followed in preparing the samples. According to the results, the bagasse fine ash percentage variation was significant in the composite but had no linear effects on its hardness and flexural strength. A 20% bagasse fine ash composite had the highest flexural strength and hardness at 27.65 MPa and 52.86 HRA, respectively, which are significantly (>0.002) higher than composites of 30% bagasse fine ash, along with the highest density. This study measured water absorption and swelling of composite samples immersed in distilled water for 192 h. As the bagasse ash content increases, these values were linearly increased until saturation occurs.

Preparation and Validation of a Longitudinally and Transversely Stiffened Panel Based on Hybrid RTM Composite Materials.

In the face of the difficulty in achieving high-quality integrated molding of longitudinally and transversely stiffened panels for helicopters by resin-matrix composite materials, we combine the prepreg process and the resin transfer molding (RTM) process to propose a hybrid resin transfer molding (HRTM) for composite stiffened panel structures. The HRTM process uses a mixture of prepreg and dry fabric to lay up a hybrid fiber preform, and involves injecting liquid resin technology. Using this process, a longitudinally and transversely stiffened panel structure is prepared, and the failure modes under compressive load are explored. The results show that at the injection temperature of the RTM resin, the prepreg resin dissolves slightly and has little effect on the viscosity of the RTM resin. Both resins have good miscibility at the curing temperature, which allows for the overall curing of the resin. A removable box core mold for the HRTM molding is designed, which makes it convenient for the mold to be removed after molding and is suitable for the overall molding of the composite stiffened panel. Ultrasonic C-scan results show that the internal quality of the composite laminates prepared using the HRTM process is good. A compression test proves that the composite stiffened panel undergoes sequential buckling deformation in different areas under compressive load, followed by localized debonding and delamination of the skin, and finally failure due to the fracture of the longitudinal reinforcement ribs on both sides. The compressive performance of the test specimen is in good agreement with the finite element simulation results. The verification results show that the HRTM process can achieve high-quality integrated molding of the composite longitudinally and transversely stiffened panel structure.

Design, preparation, and performance characterization of low temperature environment-resistant composite resin matrix in rocket fuel

Cryogenic technology is a vital part of our society, not only in our lives, but also in the field of cutting-edge technology. The research and application of cryogenic technology is involved in many important projects in many countries and even in the world, such as aviation, aerospace, energy, transportation, and medicine. With its high specific strength and high specific modulus, carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite materials have gradually become the key material for aerospace vehicles, with significant advantages in reducing structural weight and improving structural efficiency. However, in the ultra-low temperature environment such as liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, the overall structure of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites is severely tested by the environment, and it is extremely important to evaluate the mechanical properties of the composites under ultra-low temperature due to the difference of their material structure and properties from those of traditional materials, and the difference of thermal expansion coefficients between the reinforcing material carbon fiber and the resin matrix in rocket fuel. In this paper, the epoxy resin-based composite system was prepared by modifying TDE-85 epoxy resin with low-viscosity cyanate resin through molecular structure design, which is suitable for ultra-low temperature environment. The surface tension and dynamic contact angle of the modified epoxy resin are better than those of the pure epoxy resin, and it can form a good infiltration with carbon fiber and the interfacial properties of the composite are excellent. Secondly, the modified epoxy resin-based composite unidirectional plate was prepared by wet winding molding process, and the low-temperature mechanical property test specimens were prepared according to the relevant test standards. The mechanical properties were tested at −196℃, −150℃, −90℃ and room temperature 25℃ to obtain the low-temperature mechanical properties of the composite system, which provided the basis for the design of the composite system in the ultra-low temperature environment. Finally, the microstructure of the epoxy matrix composites was characterized by SEM method after the different temperature tests. The material structure, morphology, and composition were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, M400 FEI) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). In this paper, TDE-85 epoxy resin was modified with low viscosity cyanate resin to produce a modified epoxy resin suitable for ultra-low temperature environment, and the process properties of the epoxy resin were characterized. The surface tension of the modified epoxy resin was 43.405 mN/m, which was significantly lower than that of the pure epoxy resin at room temperature of 48.814 mN/m. Therefore, the modified epoxy resin had better flowability and required less time to wet the fibers during the molding process, resulting in higher molding efficiency.

Design and Analysis of Magnetic Shielding Mechanism for Wireless Power Transfer System Based on Composite Materials

In a wireless power transfer (WPT) system, in order to reduce the leakage of the magnetic field in the space and to improve the transmission efficiency of the system, a magnetic shielding mechanism is usually added to the coupling coil. However, the commonly used ferrite material has defects of brittleness, easy cracking, and a low saturation limit. Therefore, a novel magnetic shielding mechanism based on a quartz fiber and nanocrystalline reinforced resin matrix composite material was proposed, and epoxy resin and cross-laminate-splicing processes were used to improve the resistivity of the nanocrystalline material and to improve the eddy current loss. A discretized geometric model was designed for quartz fiber, and the effects of different shielding structures on the space magnetic field and the power loss were simulated and analyzed. In the experiment, a space magnetic field measurement system was built, and the transmission efficiency was analyzed. The results showed that the new magnetic shielding mechanism has a good shielding effect, can effectively suppress leakage of the magnetic field in space, reduce the weight, and improve the mechanical performance while also achieving a high transmission efficiency of 85.6%.

Correlação entre o conteúdo inorgânico e a polimerização da matriz orgânica das resinas compostas para restaurações dentárias: uma revisão narrativa

Introduction: In recent years, resin-matrix composite materials have revealed a fast technological improvement for dental applications. However, there are still some drawbacks related to the chemical composition, polymerization, and mechanical properties of resin-matrix composites with consequences in long-term clinical success. Objective: This study aimed to perform a narrative review regarding the effects of inorganic fillers on the organic matrix polymerization of resin-matrix composites. Materials and Methods: A search was performed in PubMed using relevant related key terms related to the chemical composition, properties and polymerization of resin matrix composites. Relevant studies published between 2001 and 2021 were selected. Results: The studies included in the present research provided relevant information on the chemical composition and properties of resin composites and polymerization factors, including the time, wavelength mode, and equipment. Studies have reported that silica and silicate nano-scale particles improve light transmission through resin-matrix composites and the degree of conversion of monomers in the organic matrix. Micrometric particles with a high refractive index can decrease the degree of conversion of monomers in the organic matrix. Conclusion: The polymerization of resin matrix composites is affected by light scattering due to the type of inorganic particles and the differences in refractive indexes of inorganic and organic contents.

Investigating the Influence of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash Volume Variation in Glass Fiber Reinforced with Epoxy Resin Matrix Composite Material

Investigating the Influence of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash Volume Variation in Glass Fiber Reinforced with Epoxy Resin Matrix Composite Material

Application Status and Research Progress of Resin Matrix Composites in Unmanned Underwater Vehicle

Unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) is a kind of underwater unmanned vehicle. In recent years, it has been widely used in civil and military fields. With the development of the unmanned underwater vehicle to multi-function, strong concealment, high performance and other directions, different kinds of resin matrix composite materials with excellent sound absorption, corrosion resistance, high specific strength characteristics, the utilization rate of unmanned underwater vehicle gradually increased and has broad development potential. In this paper, the application status and key technologies of resin-matrix composites in the field of unmanned aerial vehicle (UUV) are studied from two aspects of function and structure, and the technical trend of resin-matrix composites in the future UUV is described, and its development prospect is forecasted.

Study on Lubrication Performance of Composites Water-Lubricated Stern Bearing

Stern bearings are the main supporting part of ship stern shafts. Water-lubricated stern bearings have the advantages of compact structure, easy maintenance, no waste and no pollution, and. Water-lubricated stern bearing materials are generally non-metallic materials, which are easy to produce elastic deformation when working. Based on this, fiber resin matrix composite materials are selected as water-lubricated stern bearing materials, and the Fluid-Structure interaction numerical method is used to research the lubrication performance of water-lubricated stern bearings, which is verified by the test with water-lubricated stern bearing rig. The effect of rotating speed on the performance of water-lubricated stern bearing under different loads is studied in this paper. The results provide technical and theoretical basis for the study of water-lubricated stern bearings.

Mechanical properties of a polypropylene resin matrix composite material with a small amount of pulverized bamboo powder

Mechanical properties of a polypropylene resin matrix composite material with a small amount of pulverized bamboo powder

The Regression Models of Impact Strength of Coir Coconut Fiber Reinforced Resin Matrix Composite Materials

The need of coconuts in Indonesia is relatively high. The use of large quantities of coconuts produces large amounts of organic waste from coco fiber, which tends to become waste if it is not used to be beneficial for humans.One of the potential uses of coconut fiber is as a reinforcement of natural fibers in polymer matrix composite materials. Recently, the applications of composite materials have been expanded widely including structural angine component which whitstand certain load like impact load. But most of them used synthetic fiber. Although the use of natural fibers as reinforcement in composite materials has been widely studied, their use is still limited because natural fibers have their own advantages and disadvantages. The purpose of this study was to measure the impact strength of specimens of coconut fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite material, and to determine the effect of the length and concentration of coconut fiber on its impact strength. A significant and valid regression model was also generated in this research, that states the relationship between fiber length and fiber content of resin matrix composite material to its impact strength. The result shows that the impact strength of the samples were influenced by fiber content and fiber length. The regression models for the impact strength of resin composite reinforced with coconut fiber is Y = 4.44 +0.180 X1 – 0.52 X2 Where: Y = Impact Strength (kJ/m2), and X1= Fiber length (mm), and X2= Fiber content (%).

Experimental Study on Axial Pressure Stability Bearing Capacity of Transmission Tower Composite Rod of Circular Section

In order to further popularize the application of glass fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material in transmission tower, the axial compression bearing capacity test of two cross-section types of composite material rods, including solid round mandrel and hollow round pipe, was carried out, which provided data reserve for the standardization of calculation formula of axial compression bearing capacity of composite material rod. In this paper, the applicability and influence factors of Euler formula and yield criterion stability calculation method were analyzed, the test data were fitted, and the value of the key coefficient in the calculation formula of the axial pressure stability coefficient of composite material compression bar of circular section was proposed, which provided support for the standardization of the calculation method of the bearing capacity of composite material compression bar for transmission tower.

The effects of water ageing on the tensile static and fatigue behaviors of greenpoxy–flax fiber composites

This work presents the experimental results of the effect of water ageing in flax fibers reinforced greenpoxy resin matrix composite materials. The experimental study was carried out on two cross-ply laminates ([0/90]s and [+45/−45]s). First, the water uptake of the two composite materials was studied. Second, the mechanical properties were identified as a function of the immersion time. The results obtained show that the Young's modulus of composites decreases progressively to 26% for [0/90]s specimens and 46.36% for [+45/−45]s specimens after 30 days of ageing. Finally, the effects of interactions between water ageing and cyclic fatigue behavior were studied. We consider stiffness loss, hysteresis curves, energy dissipation and loss factor versus number of cycles as a function of different immersions time. A significant decrease in the mechanical characteristics of the composites as a function of the immersion time is observed. [+45/−45]s specimens are more sensitive to both fatigue and water ageing phenomena.

The composite curing deformation prediction with the account of mold factors

In this paper, the effect of interaction on the curing deformation of resin matrix composite materials were investigated through introducing a shear layer to identify the interaction between the mold and the component, and a numerical calculation model was established between the parameter and the maximum deformation. Then, the experimental data in the existing literature was compared with numerical calculation model data to verify the accuracy of the calculation model. The results of numerical model proved that the curing deformation does not have a direct relationship to the shear modulus and the thickness of the shear layer, but only to the ratio of the shear modulus to the thickness. The experimental results show that the calculation model hardly changes with the transformation of the length of the components, but varies with the ply of the laminates. When comparing the curing deformation obtained by calculation model with the deformation measured by experiment, it can be concluded that the model can predict the curing deformation of composite laminates with different length and thickness. Taking the practical significance into consideration, the introducing of ratio parameter can reflect the influence of the mold on the curing deformation of the components more concise. The numerical model between the parameters and the maximum deformation is established based on the shear layer, which can predict the curing deformation of the laminates with different lengths and thicknesses more accurately.

Investigation of flexural properties of hollow glass microsphere filled resin-matrix composites

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the preparation and the flexural property of hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) filled resin-matrix composites, which have been widely applied in deep-sea fields. Design/methodology/approach The composites with different contents of HGMs from 47 to 57 Wt.% were studied. The voids in syntactic foams and their flexural properties were investigated. Findings The results showed that the voids quantity increased because of the increment of HGM content, whereas the exural strength and the exural modulus decreased. The fracture mechanism of the composites was also investigated by scanning electron microscope, which indicated that the composites failed by the crack extending through the microspheres. Research limitations/implications The advantages of HGMs with similar hollow spheres will be further investigated in a future research. Practical implications Results demonstrated that the properties of the composite might be tailored for specific application conditions by changing the HGM volume fraction. Originality/value The HGM filled resin-matrix composite materials have their unique properties and significant application potential. In this work, the resin-HGM composites were synthesized by mechanically mixing defined quantities of HGMs into epoxy resin, by which a kind of syntactic foams with good flexural properties could be obtained.

Study on Form Process of Resin Composite Material and Graphic Artist Designer

The paper analyze development process of the advanced resin matrix composite materials forming technology, that is low pressure molding, pultrusion process, molding, filament winding forming process, placement molding process, molding process of RTM, and analyze the key technology in the development process, to study the evolvement of advanced composite material molding process, so as to explore the future development direction of forming resin based composite material technology.

Stress and Displacement Calculation of Resin Matrix Composite Material Plate with Rectangular Holes under Off-axis Loads Base

Stress and Displacement Calculation of Resin Matrix Composite Material Plate with Rectangular Holes under Off-axis Loads Base

Effect of the fiber reinforcement on the low energy impact behavior of fabric reinforced resin matrix composite materials

The influence of the fiber used as reinforcement in resin matrix composite materials submitted to repeated low energy impacts is analyzed. The aramid, glass and carbon fiber composites were submitted to drop weight tests from 0.5m and from 1m. The number of impact events necessary to cause failure was recorded, and the fracture characteristics of each composite were analyzed by optical microscopy and X-rays radiography. The results obtained showed that carbon fiber composites have better performance than the glass and aramid composites. This behavior was partially attributed to the higher elastic energy absorption of carbon fibers that delays the propagation of delamination, and fiber breakage. The failure mode of glass fiber composites was dominated by the higher number of glass fibers per surface area of the composites. The worst behavior shown by aramid composites was attributed to the intrinsic anisotropy of aramid fibers.