Resin Emulsion Research Articles

Pyrolysis behavior of graphene/phenolic resin composites

A graphene/phenolic(GNS/PF) resin composite was prepared by blending a graphene oxide suspension with an emulsion of phenolic resin in water,followed by reduction with hydrazine and curing at 160 ℃.AFM,SEM,FT-IR and TG-DTG were performed to reveal the effects of graphene on the morphology,structure,thermal stability and char yield of the composites.Results showed that GNS was uniformly dispersed in the PF matrix.Strong adsorption of GNS on the PF resulted in an ordered arrangement of PF along the GNS plane.The density of crosslinks in the PF matrix was drastically increased after curing and its thermal stability and char yield were remarkably improved.The thermal decomposition peak temperature was increased from 382.7 ℃ for pure PF to408 ℃ for the GNS/PF composites and the char yield of pure PF at 900 ℃ was increased from 46.2% to 59.4% for that in the composite containing 0.65 wt% graphene oxide.

Preparation and properties of paper–plastic laminating adhesive used for medical packaging materials

Paper–plastic packaging materials have become important materials in the printing industry. Water‐based paper–plastic laminating adhesive is a new type of adhesive that has been widely applied in the modern packaging and printing industry. The adhesive used for medical packaging materials asked for higher performance, such as stability, peel strength, and aging resistance, so there is a large necessity in developing an environment‐friendly paper–plastic laminating adhesive with excellent performance. Wax emulsion, natural latex and waterborne polyurethane emulsion are mixed in the experiment, while epoxy resin emulsion was added to blending modification. The paper discusses the influence of the dosage of epoxy resin emulsion, wax emulsion, and waterborne polyurethane emulsion for T‐peel strength and paper breakage rate; also, the storage stability of the emulsion, partical size, and partical size distribution and differential scanning calorimeter are tested to determine the best prescription of the paper–plastic adhesive. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Biodegradation of chemically modified lignocellulosic sisal fibers: study of the mechanism for enzymatic degradation of cellulose

AbstractThe susceptibility and characteristics of biological degradation of lignocellulosic fibers, such as sisal fibers, are presented in this study using a modified soil burial test (SBT) protocol. The biodegradation profile of untreated sisal fibers as well as of fibers treated with an alkaline emulsion of neem oil and phenolic resin was evaluated by estimating the enzymatic activities during the exposure of fibers to a soil/compost mix. Observation of the results indicated that biodegradation of the fibers was predominated by enzymatic hydrolysis of amorphous materials followed by degradation of crystalline cellulose. It was also evident that “oil-resin” treatment makes the fibers more resistant to biodegradation owing to the removal of amorphous materials, enhanced hydrophobicity, and possible chemical alteration of the surface hydroxyl groups of the fiber surface. This research aims to establish a systematic knowledge on the biodegradation profile of fiber components using a state-of-the-art protocol for SBT.

Preparation and Properties of the Phase Inversion Emulsification of Epoxy Resin

The phase inversion process is a kind of efficient technology of emulsifying, it make its emulsifying ability to maximize by the means of control the factors of the HLB, the concentration of emulsifier, the ratio of emulsifier and oil and the temperature of emulsify. In this paper, the epoxy resin E-44 and polyethylene glycol used as materials, potassium persulfate as the catalytic agent, then we obtained the waterborne epoxy resin emulsion. The synthetic conditions of emulsifier, the mechanical stability and water-solubility of the emulsion were researched. Then the optimal amount of the emulsifier was determined and the modified emulsion was characterized, the particle size and viscosity were tested at the same time.

Optimized synthesis and properties of surfactant-free water-reducible acrylate-alkyd resin emulsion

In this work, a modified alkyd resin (basic alkyd resin) was synthesized using maleic anhydride (MAH) to replace part of phthalic anhydride (PA) to achieve the target product acrylate-grafted-alkyd hybrid resin. The resin was then dispersed in water to form water-reducible emulsion. The properties were examined, including the extent of neutralization of final emulsion, ratio of MAH/PA in basic alkyd resin, mole ratio of basic alkyd resin to modified vinyl monomers, mole ratio of vinyl monomers (MMA/St/AA) on water dispersion stability of emulsion, particle size, drying time and mechanical properties. The optimal synthesis conditions produced a final emulsion particle size of 81.1 nm with good storage stability, hydrolytic stability and shorter drying time. The optimized synthesis conditions were identified as 80% neutralization, 1:0.8 mole ratio of basic alkyd resin to modified monomers, 4:3:2 modified monomers MMA/St/AA and 0.18 mole ratio of MAH/PA.

Gradient and weather resistant hybrid super‐hydrophobic coating based on fluorinated epoxy resin

ABSTRACTA weather resistant super‐hydrophobic coating that can offer good substrate adhesion and yet to be easily processed at large scale can be of practical use in emerging fields of self‐cleaning and anti‐icing paint, combing all these properties together remains challenging task. Here we describe a composite coating composed of a fluorinated epoxy resin emulsion with embedded in situ surface‐modified dual‐scale nano‐silica, which displayed durable super‐hydrophobicity and excellent adhesive strength. The as‐prepared coating possesses water contact angle of 158.6 ± 1°, sliding angle around 3.8 ± 0.2° which remain stable even under acidic/alkaline, heat/cool, and accelerated aging treatment. The results demonstrate that surface roughness had a micron‐ and nanometer scale distribution with increased particle loading beyond 40 wt %. Through quantitative comparison of surface Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) with bulk FT‐IR transmission spectra, a gradient coating with surface enrichment of hydrophobic groups was determined. The air‐side fluorinated polysiloxane‐rich layer endows coating with weather‐resistance and ultra‐hydrophobicity while bottom epoxy resin layer enhances substrate adhesion. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40955.

CO2 gas barrier properties in polymer nanocomposite coatings containing Li‐hectorite clays

ABSTRACTThis is a study of the addition of hydrophilic Li‐hectorite nanoplatelets in waterborne acrylic resin emulsions and the resulting nanocomposite coatings. The mechanism of the dispersion of the nanoplatelets during film formation and curing from aqueous suspensions is described. The morphological features of the coating and the state of delamination is examined via X‐ray diffraction for three different clay treatment procedures. The influence of the shape of the nanosized objects and their dispersion level on the transport characteristics of the nanocomposite film are measured and their effect on the polymer free volume is discussed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40805.

A NEW EPOXY RESIN BASED EMULSION PRIMER

Metal structures are easily destroyed under the environmental influence. A new protective material, an anticorrosive primer based on an emulsion resin ED-20 dispersed in water has been developed and tested.

Study of Phenyl Phenol Formaldehyde Resin and its Curing Performance of Aniline

A new polymer amine modified phenyl phenol cresol resin preparing reports, physico-chemical constants and the ability to dissolve resin was determined, on the basis ofthe resin and the ring emulsion resin curing were studied.

Study on the Synthesis and Properties of Waterborne Epoxy Resin and Curing Agent

With chemical modification method, the epoxy resin E44 was modified into water-borne epoxy resin by diethanolamine, considering the compatibility of curing agent and resin, diethylenetriamine was modified into epoxy amine curing agent as well, through single factor method to discuss the effects of reactant ratio, reaction temperature on the results of the product, the structure of the product was analyzed by Infrared spectrum. The experimental results showed that, when molar ratio of epoxy resin and diethanolamine was 4:3, reaction temperature of 70-80°C, the preparation of waterborne epoxy resin emulsion has small particle size and good stability. At the same time, when molar ratio of epoxy resin and diethylenetriamine was 1:1, reaction temperature of 80°C, the performance of waterborne epoxy curing agent is well.

Preparation and Application of a Leather Finish with Core-Shell Structure

The core-shell acrylic resin emulsion is prepared by seed polymerization technology, with styrene, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile as monomer, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid as shell monomer, and the of nanoTiO2 is introducted in shell emulsion. Infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure of the prepared coating agent. The preparation of TiO2/acrylic resin emulsion for leather finishing agent, and discusses its influence on the leather properties. The results show that the synthetic finishing agents for dyeing after the fatliquoring leather finishing, good finishing effect can be obtained.

Preparation of Waterborne Epoxy Resin Emulsion

The hydrophilic carboxylic group was induced into the main chain of the bisphenol-A-type epoxy resin via alcoholysis reaction between the maleic anhydride and he secondary hydroxyl group of the bisphenol-A-type epoxy resin. Then a self-emulsifying type aqueous epoxy resin was developed. The chemical structure of the resultant was analyzed by FT-IR. The effects of temperature, time, ratio of reactants and neutralization temperature on the reaction were discussed. Then the optimum reaction condition was determined through orthogonal experiment design. The synthesized waterborne epoxy resin has favorable stability and water-dispersion.

Two-component adhesive based on aqueous emulsion of ED-20 resin for carbon-fiber reinforcement of bearing concrete structures

Use of two-component adhesive based on an aqueous emulsion of ED-20 epoxy resin modified by alkoxysilane and ultrafine particles of diamond UDA-VK, and also of a crosslinking agent Epilink 701 for carbon fiber reinforcement in the system with a carbon fabric of URAL-LO brand of bearing concrete structures was demonstrated. Physical and mechanical properties of an adhesive composition are improved in the case of the joint presence of alkoxysilane and nanoparticles of diamond in it.

Thermal stability of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) based materials

The thermal stability of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) based materials has been investigated in support of materials qualification and service life prediction programmes. Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) is used as a binder phase for boron particles in highly filled (greater than 70 wt%) composites. Studies have been carried out to generate improved understanding of the stability of the binder material and the mechanical response of the highly filled composite. Our studies show that the uncured resin (emulsion) readily accumulates acetic acid through hydrolysis of the pendent acetate groups, which alters the acidity (pH) of the material. Thermal desorption studies in combination with gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry show that the resin readily evolves acetic acid when thermally aged to temperatures up to 75 °C. Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) suggests that thermal ageing induces a gradual reduction in the molecular weight of the resin and is linked to the susceptibility of the material to chain scission. Heating at elevated temperatures in excess of 300 °C is shown to induce significant changes in the carbon skeleton through deacetylation and dehydration processes, with the production of unsaturated main chain double bonds. The key insight or improved understanding offered from these studies is the complex mechanical responses of these highly filled materials.

Preparation of Waterborne Epoxy Resin Emulsion

Waterborne epoxy resin was prepared through introducing hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in the main chain of epoxy resin with the bisphenol epoxy resin, toluene diisocyanate and 2,2-dimethylol propionic acid by self-emulsification. Analyzed the structure of products via Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, then to test the water-soluble and stability. And the best conditions of reaction were determined through studying the influence of material ratio, reaction time and reaction temperature to products. The result shows that the synthesized waterborne epoxy resin has favorable stability and water-dispersion.

Water dispersion materials on epoxy resin basis

At present the most widely used and accessible filming agents for the water dispersion systems are the emulsions of acrylic polymers. The high atmosphere resistance and adhesion to the various substrates characterize their coating. However, they have small fade index, furrow and rigidity resistance. The aim of the work was the emulsions obtaining on the basis of epoxy resin in the water by disperse method; stabilization of dispersions obtained; and material optimization according to the sediment and coagulating stability. As a result the disperse technology of obtaining of epoxy resin emulsions was improved. In particular, the stabilizer with the optimal meaning of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance was chosen; the modes of dispersion were optimized using the method of the full factorial experiment. The rheological compatibility was analyzed. On the basis of stabilized emulsion the composition coating was made. It is characterized by the high adhesion to mineral, metal and plastic substrates. Thus, the method of stable emulsions obtaining of epoxy resin of disperse type was created. The materials may be used as filming agents to create rigid and wear-resistant coatings. In case of combination with acrylic elements one may use them for the high atmospheric resistance coating.

Study on the Waterproofing Agent for the Mineral Wool Board

The petroleum resin emulsion was prepared from the C5-C9 petroleum resin, malay rosin, maleic anhydride, anhydrous aluminium sulfate, NaOH and water. The influence of manufacturing parameters on the emul¬sion included the modification time and temperature, the dosage of the malay rosin, the stabilizing agent and the alkali liquor. The test results showed that w (C5-C9)=31.5%, w (Maleic anhydride)=1.5%, w (Maleic rosin)=10%, w (anhydrous aluminium sulfate)=0.6%, the alkali liquor was NaOH with 10% concentration, the modification temperature was 200 °C, the the modification time was 3 hours, the saponification temperature was 120 °C, the saponification time was half an hour, the emulsifying temperature was 95°C. Under these conditions, the petroleum resin emulsion was prepared with its particle size equating to 111.193 μm.

점착부여제 투입 방법에 따른 아크릴 에멀젼의 점착 특성 연구

본 연구에서는 아크릴 점착제 합성시 점착부여제의 투입방법에 따른 물성 변화를 알아보았다. 아크릴 에멀젼 합성시, 점착부여제의 함량이 증가함에 따라 유리전이온도(<TEX>$T_g$</TEX>)는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 초기 접착력은 고상 점착부여수지의 경우 10 phr, 점착부여 에멀젼의 경우 15 phr에서 최대값을 나타내었다. 또한 내열 접착력 및 내수 접착력의 경우 점착부여 수지의 함량이 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. In this study, the properties of acryl emulsion with adjunction procedures of tackifier resin and tackifier emulsion were investigated. Glass transition temperature of acryl emulsions was increased with the content of tackifiers. The initial strength showed the maximum value when the contents of tackifier resin and tackifier emulsion were 10 phr and 15 phr, respectively. Additionally, the strengths on heat and water resistances were increased with the contents of tackifier.

Study on Polyurethane-Acrylic Hybrid Emulsion Applying to Water-Based Ink

Polyurethane-acrylic composite emulsion was synthesized by swelling polymerization with aqueous polyurethane dispersion as seed, and acrylic as monomers. The obtained polyurethane-acrylic (PUA) composite emulsion were characterized by means of IR spectra, and the results showed that the obtained emulsion was hybrid emulsion of polyurethane and acrylic, which had smaller particle size and higher viscosity and was more suitable for the preparation of ink. The obtained water-based PUA emulsion and alkyd resins were used as ink binder. The obtained water-based ink had good water resistance, color density, gloss and friction fastness.

The Properties of Compound Modified Asphalt Emulsion Mortar

A new type modified asphalt emulsion mortar is studied in order to find out the most favorable materials for the recycling of decorative stone. Through some experiments, by comparing the cement and water-epoxy resin emulsion mixed separately or together on the performances of emulsified asphalt mortar, the result shows that cement content 30% and water-epoxy resin emulsion content 30% mixing together is better than mixing separately. Besides, the paper has made a systematic study on the comprehensive performance, the result shows that with excellent performances, the modified asphalt emulsion mortar which can replace cement mortar meets the demands of the relative criterions. When the temperature reaches 140°C, both the tensile bond strength and the shear bond strength decrease to 0.1 MPa. So it is feasible to recycle the decorative stone.