Composite Resin Surfaces Research Articles

Evaluation of the Effect of Monomer Systems on the Softening of a Composite Resin.

To measure the softening via swelling of a composite resin by evaluating its surface hardness after the application of four monomer systems. A total of 40 specimens made of a hybrid composite resin were evaluated. Four monomer systems were used as surface-conditioning primers during five exposure times. Surface microhardness measurements (n = 8) were made after application of the monomer systems. In all exposure times, Scotchbond Universal showed the highest influence on the composite resin surface softening (P < .05), followed by Stick Resin (P < .05). Surface softening of composite resins might be achieved with monomer systems, especially with Scotchbond Universal, which may have a positive influence when repairing aged composite resin restorations.

Bond strengths of bulk-fill resin composite repairs: effect of different surface treatment protocols in vitro

To evaluate the effect of different surface treatment protocols on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of bulk-fill resin composite repairs. Thirty-five bulk-fill resin composite samples (Filtek Bulk Fill) were prepared (5 × 5 × 5 mm) and aged by thermocycling (X5000). Samples were randomly divided into five groups (n = 7): a control (no treatment) and four surface treatment groups (Single Bond Universal [SBU]; phosphoric acid (37%) + SBU; Er,Cr:YSGG laser + SBU; aluminum oxide sandblasting + SBU). Filtek Ultimate Universal composite was used as a repair material. After storage for 24 h in distilled water (37 °C), sticks were obtained and subjected to a μTBS test. The data (MPa) were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with a post hoc test (α = 0.05). Failure mode was evaluated using a light microscope (10×). There were significant differences between the groups (p < 0.05). The lowest bond strength values were obtained in the control group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between Group II (universal adhesive) and Group III (acid etch + universal adhesive) (p > 0.05). The bond strength of Group II was significantly lower than that of the other surface treatment groups (p < 0.05). While Group III showed significantly lower values than those of the laser treatment group (Group IV), similar values were obtained with Al2O3 sandblasting group (Group V). The highest repair bond strength was obtained in Group IV (p < 0.05) which was not significantly different from the Al2O3 sandblasting group (p > 0.05). The predominant failure mode was adhesive. Treatment of aged bulk-fill resin composite surfaces with laser and Al2O3 sandblasting provided higher repair bond strength values.

THE EFFECT OF THERMOCYCLING TEST ON THE SURFACE HARDNESS VALUE OF BULK FILL RESIN COMPOSITE

Background: Bulk fill typed composite resin can be applied at once into the tooth cavity of approximately 4 mm. The surface hardness of composite resin can be affected by temperature. Variation temperature in oral cavity due to the consumption of cold and hot food or beverages. Thermocycling tests are used to simulate aging of restorative materials in oral cavity by exposing material to repeated cycles of cold(4 oC) and hot(60°C) temperatures. Purpose: To analyze thermocycling test effect with 1500 and 3000 cycles to the surface hardness value bulk fill composite resin. Methods: This study is true experimental post test only with control group design. This study used 27 samples of bulk fill composite resin divided into 3 groups, first group is control group that did not do thermocycling test, second group is group of thermocycling 1500 cycles and third group of thermocycling 3000 cycles. Results: Mean value of composite resin surface hardness control group 46.529 ± 1.331 MPa, group thermocycling 1500 cycles 44.100 ± 1.039 MPa, and group thermocycling 3000 cycles 42.251 ± 1.470 MPa. The data were tested using One Way ANOVA and post Hoc Bonferroni with p <0.05, there were significant differences in all treatment group. Conclusion: Thermocycling test with 1500 and 3000 cycles (equal with clinically used 6 month and 1 year) in resin composites may decrease surface hardness value

THE EFFECT OF THERMOCYCLING TEST ON THE SURFACE HARDNESS VALUE OF BULK FILL RESIN COMPOSITE

Background: Bulk fill typed composite resin can be applied at once into the tooth cavity of approximately 4 mm. The surface hardness of composite resin can be affected by temperature. Variation temperature in oral cavity due to the consumption of cold and hot food or beverages. Thermocycling tests are used to simulate aging of restorative materials in oral cavity by exposing material to repeated cycles of cold(4 oC) and hot(60°C) temperatures. Purpose: To analyze thermocycling test effect with 1500 and 3000 cycles to the surface hardness value bulk fill composite resin. Methods: This study is true experimental post test only with control group design. This study used 27 samples of bulk fill composite resin divided into 3 groups, first group is control group that did not do thermocycling test, second group is group of thermocycling 1500 cycles and third group of thermocycling 3000 cycles. Results: Mean value of composite resin surface hardness control group 46.529 ± 1.331 MPa, group thermocycling 1500 cycles 44.100 ± 1.039 MPa, and group thermocycling 3000 cycles 42.251 ± 1.470 MPa. The data were tested using One Way ANOVA and post Hoc Bonferroni with p <0.05, there were significant differences in all treatment group. Conclusion: Thermocycling test with 1500 and 3000 cycles (equal with clinically used 6 month and 1 year) in resin composites may decrease surface hardness value

The Impact of Plasma Treatment of Cercon® Zirconia Ceramics on Adhesion to Resin Composite Cements and Surface Properties.

Introduction: In recent years, the use of ceramic base zirconia is considered in dentistry for all ceramic restorations because of its chemical stability, biocompatibility, and good compressive as well as flexural strength. However, due to its chemical stability, there is a challenge with dental bonding. Several studies have been done to improve zirconia bonding but they are not reliable. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of plasma treatment on bonding strength of zirconia. Methods: In this in vitro study, 180 zirconia discs' (thickness was 0.85-0.9 mm) surfaces were processed with plasma of oxygen, argon, air and oxygen-argon combination with 90-10 and 80-20 ratio (n=30 for each group) after being polished by sandblast. Surface modifications were assessed by measuring the contact angle, surface roughness, and topographical evaluations. Cylindrical Panavia f2 resin-cement and Diafill were used for microshear strength bond measurements. The data analysis was performed by SPSS 20.0 software and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test as the post hoc. Results: Plasma treatment in all groups significantly reduces contact angle compare with control (P=0.001). Topographic evaluations revealed coarseness promotion occurred in all plasma treated groups which was significant when compared to control (P<0.05), except argon plasma treated group that significantly decreased surface roughness (P<0.05). In all treated groups, microshear bond strength increased, except oxygen treated plasma group which decreased this strength. Air and argon-oxygen combination (both groups) significantly increased microshear bond strength (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to this research, plasmatic processing with dielectric barrier method in atmospheric pressure can increase zirconia bonding strength.

PENGARUH JUS JERUK DAN MINUMAN BERKARBONASI TERHADAP KEKERASAN PERMUKAAN RESIN KOMPOSIT

Background: Orange juice and Carbonat drink contains an acid agent which can affect the surface hardness of composite resin. Changes of surface hardness of composite resin is caused by infiltration of water containing the acid agent that affect the bonding of matrix to filler composite resin. This study purpose to determine the effect of immersed orange juice and carbonat drink on surface hardness of composite resin. Method: This was experimental laboratory study with a pre and post test control group design. The samples of composite resin had 12 mm in diameters and 2 mm in thickness (n=27). Composite resin used is FiltexTM Z350 XT shades A2. Samples were divided into three groups : group A immersed with orange juice, group B immersed with carbonat drink, and group C immersed with aquadest as the negative control. Samples were immersed for 24 hours. The pre and post immertion of composite resin surface hardness were measured with Micro Vickers Hardness Tester. Results: Post immertion Vickers hardness was compared by using one way anova test. The result showed that immersed orange juice and carbonat drink significantly reduced the surface hardness of composite resin (p &lt; 0,05). Concluision: The conclusion Immersed carbonat drink more reduced the surface hardness of composite than orange juice. It is suggested to reduce the duration direct exprossure of consumption carbonat drink.

The effect of brushing with toothpaste containing nano calcium carbonate upon nanofill composite resin surface roughness

This study aims to determine the effect of brushing with toothpaste containing nanocalcium carbonate on the roughness of nanofill composite resin surface. Brushing was conducted with 3 types of materials for 3 consecutive brushing periods of 10 minutes each. Surface roughness was measured using a surface-roughness tester and the results were analyzed using the repeated ANOVA and the one-way ANOVA test. The surface morphology was observed using SEM after 3 months’ worth of brushing with the 3 materials. It was found that the nanofill composite resin surface-roughness value increased significantly (p<0.005) after brushing with toothpaste containing nano calcium carbonate for 3 months, but the value was not as high as that obtained when brushing with other types of toothpaste.

Comparison of surface roughness of nanofill and nanohybrid composite resin polished by aluminum oxide and diamond particle paste

Introduction: The adequate finishing and polishing procedures might occur the restoration longivity, the color retention, and the good integrating with the surrounding environment. Methods: This study was conducted to determine the surface roughness of the nanofill composite with the nanohybrid composite polished by the aluminum oxide pastes and diamond polishing paste. This study was a pure experimental-in vitro study. The results of polishing on the resin composite surfaces was observed using the optical microscope at 500x magnification and given the score. The Krusskal-Wallis test was conducted to depict the data analysis. Result: The results showed that the resin composite group of the nanohybrid polished by both aluminum oxide and diamond particle had smoother surface than the resin composite of the nanofill. Conclusion: The conclusions of this study depicted that there were differences of polishing results using the aluminium oxide and diamond particle paste between the nanofill and nanohybrid resin composite surface roughness.

6 コンポジットレジン表面におけるヒト歯肉由来線維芽細胞およびヒト歯肉由来上皮細胞Ca 9-22の細胞増殖(in vitro)(第500回 大阪歯科学会例会)

6 コンポジットレジン表面におけるヒト歯肉由来線維芽細胞およびヒト歯肉由来上皮細胞Ca 9-22の細胞増殖(in vitro)(第500回 大阪歯科学会例会)

Effects of tributylborane-activated adhesive and two silane agents on bonding computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin composite.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of an experimental adhesive agent [methyl methacrylate-tributylborane liquid (MT)] and two adhesive agents containing silane on the bonding between a resin composite block of a computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system and a light-curing resin composite veneering material. The surfaces of CAD/CAM resin composite specimens were ground with silicon-carbide paper, treated with phosphoric acid, and then primed with either one of the two silane agents [Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SC) and GC Ceramic Primer II (GC)], no adhesive control (Cont), or one of three combinations (MT/SC, MT/GC, and MT/Cont). A light-curing resin composite was veneered on the primed CAD/CAM resin composite surface. The veneered specimens were subjected to thermocycling between 4 and 60°C for 10,000 cycles, and the shear bond strengths were determined. All data were analyzed using analysis of variance and a post hoc Tukey-Kramer HSD test (α=0.05, n=8). MT/SC (38.7MPa) exhibited the highest mean bond strengths, followed by MT/GC (30.4MPa), SC (27.9MPa), and MT/Cont (25.7MPa), while Cont (12.9MPa) and GC (12.3MPa) resulted in the lowest bond strengths. The use of MT in conjunction with a silane agent significantly improved the bond strength. Surface treatment with appropriate adhesive agents was confirmed as a prerequisite for veneering CAD/CAM resin composite restorations.

Efficacy of polishing kits on the surface roughness and color stability of different composite resins.

Different polishing kits may have different effects on the composite resin surfaces. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness and color stability of four different composites which was applied different polishing technique. Thirty specimens were made for each composite resin group (nanohybrid, GrandioSo-GS; nanohybrid, Clearfil Majesty Esthetic-CME; hybrid, Valux Plus-VP; micro-hybrid, Ruby Comp-RC; [15 mm in diameter and 2 mm height]), with the different monomer composition and particle size from a total of 120 specimens. Each composite group was divided into three subgroups (n = 10). The first subgroup of the each composite subgroups served as control (C) and had no surface treatment. The second subgroup of the each composite resin groups was polished with finishing discs (Bisco Finishing Discs; Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA). The third subgroup of the each composite resin was polished with polishing wheel (Enhance and PoGo, Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany). The surface roughness and the color differences measurement of the specimens were made and recorded. The data were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test, and regression analysis was used in order to examine the correlation between surface roughness and color differences of the specimens (α = 0.05). The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated significant difference among the composite resins in terms of ΔE (P < 0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference among composite resins in terms of surface roughness (P > 0.05). Result of the regression analysis indicated statistically significant correlation between Ra and ΔE values (P < 0.05, r2 = 0.74). The findings of the present study have clinical relevance in the choice of polishing kits used.

Effect of Blood Contamination and Decontamination Procedures on the Microtensile Bond Strength of a New Self-etch Adhesive: An in vitro Study

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of blood contamination and decontamination procedures on the microtensile bond strength of a new self-etch adhesive before and after curing. Materials and methods A total of 90 human extracted mandibular molars were stored in 0.5% thymol solution and distilled water. Midcoronal sections were obtained using a diamond disk and the dentin surface was ground with 320 grit SIC abrasive paper. Universal self-etch adhesive (3M ESPC) and Filtex Z-250 resin composite were used. The dentin specimens were randomly divided into nine groups: Control group, group I—blood contamination before curing, group II—blood contamination before curing followed by air drying, group III—blood contamination before curing followed by rinsing with water and air drying, group IV—blood contamination before curing followed by rinsing with water, air dry, and reapplication of bonding agent, group V—blood contamination after curing, group VI—blood contamination after curing followed by air dry, group VII—blood contamination after curing followed by rinsing with water and air drying, group VIII—blood contamination after curing followed by rinsing with water, air dry, and reapplication of bonding agent. The microtensile bond strength was measured by universal testing machine and the data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Results The contamination groups (I, V) showed the least bond strength followed by the decontamination groups (II, III, VI, VII). The reapplication groups (IV, VIII) restored the bond strength equal to control group. Clinical significance A contamination-free area is required for adequate adhesion. It is important to rule out measures to prevent and manage contamination, so as to achieve durable seal between composite resin and tooth surface. How to cite this article Shaikh A, Hegde V, Shanmugasundaram S. Effect of Blood Contamination and Decontamination Procedures on the Microtensile Bond Strength of a New Self-etch Adhesive: An in vitro Study. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(2):80-83.

Bacterial adhesion on direct and indirect dental restorative composite resins: An in vitro study on a natural biofilm

Statement of problemBoth direct and indirect techniques are used for dental restorations. Which technique should be preferred or whether they are equivalent with respect to bacterial adhesion is unclear. PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the affinity of bacterial biofilm to dental restorative composite resins placed directly and indirectly. Material and methodsFive direct composite resins for restorations (Venus Diamond, Adonis, Optifil, Enamel Plus HRi, Clearfil Majesty Esthetic) and 3 indirect composite resins (Gradia, Estenia, Signum) were selected. The materials were incubated in unstimulated whole saliva for 1 day. The biofilms grown were collected and their bacterial cells counted. In parallel, the composite resin surface morphology was analyzed with atomic force microscopy. Both bacterial cell count and surface topography parameters were subjected to statistical analysis (α=.05). ResultsIndirect composite resins showed significantly lower levels than direct composite resins for bacterial cell adhesion, (P<.001). No significant differences were observed within the direct composite resins (P>.05). However, within the indirect composite resins a significantly lower level was found for Gradia than Estenia or Signum (P<.01). A partial correlation was observed between composite resin roughness and bacterial adhesion when the second and particularly the third-order statistical moments of the composite resin height distributions were considered. ConclusionsIndirect dental restorative composite resins were found to be less prone to biofilm adhesion than direct composite resins. A correlation of bacterial adhesion to surface morphology exists that is described by kurtosis; thus, advanced data analysis is required to discover possible insights into the biologic effects of morphology.

The Effect of Siwak and Brushing on Cariogenic Bacteria and Surface Characteristics of Enamel and Two Brands of resin Composite (An in vitro study)*

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of siwak extract and toothbrush using two brands of toothpaste one containing siwak extract and one without on the cariogenic bacteria and surface characteristic of enamel and two types of composite resin. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 specimens were used in the present study. The specimens were divided into three groups according to the type of material used (n=30); Enamel specimens, Feltk Z350 specimens, and Tetric-N-Ceram Specimens. Each group was further subdivided into 3 subgroups according to the methodof treatment (n=10); specimens treated with Siwak sticks, specimens treated with toothbrush and toothpaste containing Siwak, and specimens treated with toothbrush and toothpaste not containing Siwak. All specimens were stained by coffee and tea stains, then surface treatment was done using electrical toothbrushing machine. Color measurements,surface roughness for all specimens and wear resistance for composite resin specimens were done after staining and then after surface treatment. Antimicrobial activity was done using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Results:Antimicrobial activity of toothpaste containing siwak showed the lowest significant (MIC) on all the tested microorganisms. There was a statistically significant differences in the ΔE values and ΔW values of the treated subgroups. Moreover, significant differences in Ra values were observed between the control and stained specimens, as well as between subgroups treated with Siwak sticks, toothpaste containing Siwak, and toothpaste not containing Siwak. Conclusions: Siwak and toothpaste containing siwak are effective in removing the stains from enamel and resin composite surface without increase surface roughness or causing wear of the resin composite, however, the impact of the toothpaste containing siwak was more effective than siwak extract on the tested microorganisms.

PERBEDAAN KEKERASAN PERMUKAAN BAHAN RESTORASI RESIN KOMPOSIT NANOFILLER YANG DIRENDAM DALAM MINUMAN RINGAN BERKARBONASI DAN MINUMAN BERALKOHOL

Resin composite is dental material filling that is commonly used in dentistry which has good physical properties, mechanical and aesthetics. The properties that have an important role in the resistance of the composite resin surface hardness which directly involved when contact with food, drink and salivary. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of carbonated soft drink and alcoholic beverages on the surface hardness of nanofiller composite resin.The method used in this research is post test only control group design. Samples were made using the mold made of stainless steel, with diameter of 6mm and tick of 2mm, composite was manipulated according to the manufacture’s instructions, and then immersed in aquades, carbonated soft drink and alcoholic beverages for 18 hours in a temperature of 37ºC. Samples were tested using Vickers Hardness Test. Data analysis using Kruskal-Walis test.The result show that the nanofiller composite resin which immersed in alcoholic beverages has higher surface (81,04±10,44 VHN), whreas the composite which immersed in aquades and carbonated soft drink has the surface hardness (70,20±16,6 dan71,10±15,96 VHN). The result of data analysis showed that the data are not distributed normally and showed a significant value of p&gt;0,05. From this research can be concluded that there is no significant differences in surface hardness of nanofiller composite resin which immersed in carbonated soft drink and alcoholic beverages.&#x0D; Keywords: Resin Komposit, nanofiller, surface hardness, mechanical properties.

The effect of erosion and abrasion on surface properties of composite resin

The aim of the study was to evaluate the surface roughness of two commercial composite resins submitted to erosive attack, to abrasive wear and to association of erosive and abrasive challenge. Standardized samples of G-snial anterior (GC Company) and Essentia (GC Company) composite resins were randomly split in 6 groups. In group 1 the samples were maintained in artificial saliva until the evaluation of surface roughness. In group 2 the samples were submitted only to erosive attack, in group 3 only to abrasive challenge and in groups 4,5, and 6 the erosive attack was followed by abrasive challenge immediately (group 4), 30 minutes after the erosive attack (group 5) and one hour after the erosive attack (group 6). The specimens were evaluated using surface roughness measuring tester SJ-210 (Mitutoyo Corporation, Japan) and the mean surface roughness values (Ra, μm) of each specimen were registered. A significantly increase of both composite resins surface roughness was recorded after erosive attack and abrasive challenge. Toothbrushing 60 minutes after acidic contact determined no significant differences in surface roughness of composite resins.

Effect of whitening dentifrices on the surface roughness of a nanohybrid composite resin.

Objectives:The present study verified the influence of whitening dentifrices on the surface roughness of a nanohybrid composite resin.Materials and Methods:Thirty-two specimens were prepared with Filtek™ Z350 XT (3M/ESPE) and randomly divided into four groups (n = 08) that were subjected to brushing simulation equivalent to the period of 1 month. The groups assessed were a control group with distilled water (G1), Colgate Total 12 Professional Clean (G2), Sensodyne Extra Whitener Extra Fresh (G3), and Colgate Luminous White (G4). A sequence of 90 cycles was performed for all the samples. The initial roughness of each group was analyzed by the Surface Roughness Tester (TR 200-TIME Group Inc., CA, USA). After the brushing period, the final roughness was measured, and the results were statistically analyzed using nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests for intergroup roughness comparison in the time factor. For intragroup and “Δ Final − Initial” comparisons, the Wilcoxon test and (one-way) ANOVA were, respectively, performed (α = 0.05).Results:The roughness mean values before and after brushing showed no statistically significant difference when the different dentifrices were used. None of the dentifrices analyzed increased significantly the nanohybrid composite resin surface roughness in a 1 month of tooth brushing simulation.Conclusions:These results suggest that no hazardous effect on the roughness of nanohybrid composite resin can be expected when whitening dentifrices are used for a short period. Similar studies should be conducted to analyze other esthetic composite materials.

Effect of Air Polishing Procedure with Glycine and Bicarbonate Powders on Glass Ceramic and Composite Resin Surfaces

Effect of Air Polishing Procedure with Glycine and Bicarbonate Powders on Glass Ceramic and Composite Resin Surfaces

EROSIVE AND ABRASIVE POTENTIALS OF SOFT DRINKS AND AIR POLISHING ON NANO-FILLED COMPOSITE RESIN

introduction: Erosion is a common condition that is related to consumption of acidic food and drinks such as; carbonated drinks and fruit juices that might cause early deterioration of the dental restorations. Abrasion of dental restorations might result from physical factors such as tooth brushing or polishing. objective: This study aimed to assess the combined erosive potential of cola soft drink and orange juice, and the abrasive potential of air-polishing, on the surface of nano-filled composite resin restorations via evaluation of microhardness and surface roughness. materials and methods: A total of 60 specimens were prepared from nano-filled composite resin. Specimens were divided into 3 groups according to the immersion media (water, cola, orange juice), and each was further subdivided into 2 subgroups (unpolished or polished). Surface hard- ness was measured using a digital micro-hardness tester, and surface roughness was recorded using a profilometer. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test. results: A significant decrease in surface hardness was observed on immersion of nano-filled composite in either cola or orange juice. Except for the control group, the air-polished specimens had significantly higher surface hardness when compared to the unpolished ones. Cola and orange juice had a significant roughening effect on composite resin surface. Further increase in Ra values was recorded after air-polishing of both groups. Conclusion: Combining beverages immersion with air-polishing may have a profound effect on the surface deterioration of nano-filled composite resin

Effect of Different Finishing and Polishing Procedures on The Discoloration of Composite Resin

ABSTRACT: to study the effect of finishing and smoothing composite resin restoratives on discoloration of composite resin by different staining solutions . MATERIALS AND METHODS: forty samples of tetric composite were made. These samples were divided into 4 groups. Each group was treated with a type of surface finish and immersed either in tea or coffee solution. RESULTS: The results showed that composite resin surface finished with Mylar strip and immersed in coffee was the most susceptible surface to discoloration and the least one was that immersed in tea. CONCLUSION: composite resin surface should be finished and polished despite the smooth finish of the Mylar strip.