Resilience Questionnaire Research Articles

Presenting a Structural Model of Resilience Based on Psychological Optimism with the Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in Parents of Children with Cancer

Objective: The present study aimed to present a structural model of resilience based on psychological optimism with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in parents of children with cancer. Methods and Materials: The research method is descriptive and correlational, utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of this study included all parents of children with cancer under the care of the Mahak Institute in 2022, whose children were undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, and were in the treatment process. The sample size was considered to be 250 individuals, selected through convenience sampling. In the end, 236 completed and eligible questionnaires were obtained. The primary data for this study were collected using the Resilience Questionnaire (Connor & Davidson, 2003), the Life Orientation Questionnaire (Scheier & Carver, 2015), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski et al., 2001). Descriptive statistics (central indices, skewness-kurtosis) and inferential statistics, including structural equation modeling, were used to analyze the data. Findings: The results of the study, through correlation and regression tests, indicated that the structural model of the relationship between resilience and psychological optimism with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in parents of children with cancer fits well. Cognitive emotion regulation strategies do not mediate the relationship between resilience and psychological optimism in parents of children with cancer. Conclusion: Resilience, psychological optimism, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies, as an intertwined set, play a fundamental role in overcoming psychological and emotional disturbances in parents of children with cancer.

Fatalism as a Mediator of the Association Between Family Resilience and Self-Management Among Patients with Chronic Wounds in China.

The purpose of this study was to examine how fatalism acts as a mediator in the correlation between family resilience and self-management among patients with chronic wounds in China. This study used a cross-sectional research design. A total of 269 adult patients (18-94 years old) with chronic wounds residing in Wuxi, China participated in this study. Participants completed the Chinese version of the Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire, 16-item Chinese version of the Fatalism Scale, and Self-Management Scale of Chronic Wound Patients. We conducted correlation and mediation analyses using SPSS 27.0 and PROCESS 4.0. The results indicated family resilience was a significant positive predictor of self-management (β = 0.7101, p < 0.0001), and the pathway between family resilience and self-management was partially mediated by fatalism (Effect = 0.1432, 95% confidence interval [0.0625, 0.2341]). The results indicated that incorporating spiritual interventions into future person-centered self-management programs could align with the motivation of patients with chronic wounds and their families, and reduce the negative impact of fatalism on health outcomes.

Comparison of the Effects of Help-Seeking Training and Self-Compassion Training on Social Competence, Achievement Motivation, and Academic Resilience

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of help-seeking training and self-compassion training on students' social competence, achievement motivation, and academic resilience. Methods and Materials: The present study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest and follow-up, along with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all female high school students in Sabzevar during the 2021-2022 academic year (350 individuals). The sample consisted of 45 students selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: help-seeking training (n=15), self-compassion training (n=15), and control group (n=15). Data were collected using the Social Competence Questionnaire (Felner, 1990), Achievement Motivation Questionnaire (Hermans, 1970), and Academic Resilience Questionnaire (Martin &amp; Marsh, 2008). The help-seeking sessions followed the Nelson-Lee Gall model (1981) and were conducted in 10 weekly 90-minute sessions. The self-compassion training sessions were based on Gilbert's model (2009) and also conducted in 10 weekly 90-minute sessions. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA and SPSS-26 software. Findings: Results indicated that both help-seeking training and self-compassion training were effective in improving social competence, achievement motivation, and academic resilience (P&lt;0.01). Additionally, these results showed that self-compassion training was more effective than help-seeking training in enhancing social competence, achievement motivation, and academic resilience (P&lt;0.01). Conclusion: It can be concluded that help-seeking training and self-compassion training are effective in improving social competence, achievement motivation, and academic resilience.

Microenterpreneur women's resilience in Covid-19 pandemic era

During the Covid-19 pandemic, many families experienced crisis due to husband’s lost income, having to lose their jobs despite of their position as the breadwinner of the families. In order to cope with the changing circumstances, wives have choices to endure, leave their husbands, or try to keep the family afloat by helping their husbands in fulfilling the needs of their families. Some of them chose to start culinary micro-businesses with minimal capital, relying on their everyday cooking skills. This research was aimed to study the resilience of research subjects as housewives who choose to be a micro-entrepreneurs during the Covid- 19 pandemic. The current research subjects were middle-aged housewives who supported their families during the pandemic by selling homemade foods and becoming motorcycle ride-hailing drivers. The research was conducted qualitatively (case study) as well as quantitatively and utilized both observation and interview methods, together with Connor-Davidson resilience questionnaire as comparison data. The result of the study showed that the research subjects were resilience persons. They are energetic strong-willed individuals who have been trained to work hard ever since childhood. Life experiences taught them how not to give up, and they believe that the future will be better because the Almighty God will always help to provide sustenance. &#x0D; Keywords: resilience; housewive; micro entrepreneurs

Development of an Aboriginal Resilience and Recovery Questionnaire – a collaboration between practitioners and help-seeking clients of a Victorian Aboriginal community controlled health service

BackgroundIndigenous experiences and perspectives of resilience, healing and recovery from trauma is gaining increasing attention, with a growing qualitative literature that spans multiple indigenous cultural groups. However, few quantitative measures are available. In this article, development of a preliminary version of the Aboriginal Resilience and Recovery Questionnaire is described.AimThe first aim of this study was to describe findings from two focus groups that provided theoretical knowledge and development of items for a draft version of an Aboriginal Resilience Recovery Questionnaire. The second aim of the study was to conduct a preliminary psychometric analysis of the properties of the measure.DesignMulti-method research design grounded in indigenous research methodologies.MeasuresAboriginal Resilience and Recovery Questionnaire, Australian Aboriginal Version of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire Trauma symptom subscale, Growth and Empowerment Measure.Results(1) Two focus groups with six counselling staff from an Aboriginal health service were run that explored Victorian Aboriginal understandings of resilience, healing, and recovery from trauma. Sixty different protective factors viewed as potentially important to resilience, healing and recovery from trauma were identified by participants. (2) Following a review of the resilience literature, 75 items were reviewed and revised, with additional items developed by the focus group. (3) The final outcome was 60 items selected for a preliminary version of the Aboriginal Resilience Recovery Questionnaire, 50 of which made up 19 different subscales in addition to 10 single items. (4) Structured interviews were conducted with 81 help seeking Aboriginal clients recruited from the same health service. Preliminary psychometric assessment of the Aboriginal Resilience Recovery Questionnaire was undertaken using Principal Components Analysis. Two component subscales were extracted with adequate internal consistency and good convergent and discriminant validity. For both subscales there were moderate to strong positive associations with empowerment, and moderate to strong negative associations with trauma symptom severity.ConclusionThe preliminary results are promising for a strength-based resilience measure developed from the knowledge of Aboriginal practitioners and staff of a counselling service. Further research to address some psychometric limitations in the measure is required. A larger sample size will allow for a common factor analysis to be conducted. The Aboriginal Resilience Recovery Questionnaire has potential to assist Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations and other organisations to evaluate whether services and programs can effectively support community members to strengthen individual, relational, community and cultural resilience resources.

Risk and protective factors for postpartum depression among Polish women – a prospective study

This prospective study conducted at a single center in 2022 aims to identify risk and protective factors for postpartum depression (PPD) in Polish women and to assess the impact of pregnancy, delivery, the postpartum period, and psychosocial factors on PPD. After delivery and 4 weeks later, 311 women filled out two questionnaires of our design related to risk factors for PPD. Immune Power Personality Questionnaire, Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire, and Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale were also applied. The predictors of PPD identified at two time points included: use of antidepressants, previous depressive episodes, family history of depression, risk of preterm delivery, anxiety about child’s health, and breastfeeding and sleep problems. Risk factors for PPD found only after delivery were: suicidal ideation before pregnancy, stressful life events, premature rupture of the membranes, and cesarean section. Inhalation analgesia during labor reduced the PPD frequency. At 4 weeks’ postpartum, regular physical activity was also predictive of PPD, while breastfeeding, financial satisfaction, and sufficient sleep duration were protective factors. PPD after delivery was negatively correlated with capacity to confide, hardiness, assertiveness, self-complexity, and communication. PPD at 4 weeks postpartum decreased belief systems, organization patterns, and communication. Two proposed self-designed questionnaires can be useful for effectively screening PPD in the Polish population.

The Influence of Spirituality on Psychological Resilience and Recurrence in Hypertension Patients

Hypertension is a chronic disease that is prone to recurrence and disrupts the balance of systemic hemodynamics to cause various serious multi-system complications. This study aimed to analyze the spiritual level in the regulation of resilience and relapse in hypertensive patients. We used a correlation analysis method with a cross-sectional approach. The population was 76 patients who were recorded as coming to the Puskesmas with a sample size of 62 respondents who were taken by simple random sampling. The independent variable was spirituality, as measured using the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES). The dependent variable was resilience as measured by the Nicholson–McBride Resilience Questionnaire (NMRQ) and hypertension recurrence. Statistical tests using Spearman’s rank with alpha (α) 0.05. The results of the statistical tests show a significant relationship between spirituality and resilience. The p-value obtained is 0.001 less than 0.05, with a level of closeness of 0.790 or solid. Spirituality is also significantly related to hypertension recurrence with a p-value of 0.011, smaller than alpha 0.05, and a level of closeness of -0.325, which means a moderate level of closeness. Deep spirituality will trigger the strengthening of resilience that regulates the balance of stress and homeostasis of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The physiological sympathetic and parasympathetic systems regulate vascular smooth muscle contractions to control blood pressure and reduce the rate of hypertensive recurrence.

Caregiver burden, mutuality, and family resilience in colorectal cancer caring: A mediating model analysis

PurposeThis study investigates the interaction between caregiver burden, mutuality, and family resilience in colorectal cancer management, and determines whether mutuality affects the effect of caregiver burden on family resilience. MethodIn this cross-sectional study, 295 family caregivers of colorectal cancer patients from two major public hospitals (Henan Province, China) were analyzed. Caregiver burden, mutuality, and family resilience were assessed through Chinese versions of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-C), the mutuality Scale (MS-C), and the Family Resilience Questionnaire (FaREQ-C). The structural equation model and multiple mediating effect test were applied to explore the interaction between caregiver burden, mutuality, and family resilience. ResultsTotal and subscale scores of caregiver burden were negatively correlated with both mutuality (r = -0.54 to -0.32, P < 0.01) and family resilience (r = -0.60 to -0.26, P < 0.01). Family resilience and its four dimensions were positively correlated with mutuality (r = 0.17 to 0.51, P < 0.01). Mutuality served as a partial mediator between caregiver burden and family resilience. Caregiver burden had an indirect effect on family resilience through mutuality (β = -0.157, 95%CI: -0.316, -0.046, P = 0.009). ConclusionsThis study examined the interaction between caregiver burden, mutuality, and family resilience for colorectal cancer caring and confirmed the mediating role of mutuality in caregiver burden and family resilience. Therefore, we suggested that clinicians should develop strategies to improve the relationship between patients and caregivers so that both parties can actively manage stress and trauma experiences for improved colorectal cancer management.

The effect of resilience on bipolar mood during specialty clinic treatment

BackgroundLimitations in mental health resources behoove exploration of factors that may enhance treatment response. One such factor, resilience, has been minimally examined in bipolar disorder. MethodsWith multi-level modeling of clinical care data, we examined associations among longitudinal measurements of resilience and mood rating trajectories in a sample of 100 individuals with bipolar disorder during 6 weeks of evidence-based pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. ResultsIndividuals with high self-care subscale scores from the Resilience Questionnaire for Bipolar Disorder exhibited an improving rate of depression change −0.18 (SE = 0.04, p < .001) completing treatment with a subthreshold depression rating of 3.1 (SE = 1.39, p < .05). In contrast, treatment recipients who disagreed or were neutral towards self-care experienced worsening or no change in depression, respectively. This subscale also decreased mood elevation. Each one-point increase yielded a −0.27 (SE = 0.13 p < .05) point decrease in mania. LimitationsResilience may develop longitudinally. In this study, it was examined during active treatment which was a relatively brief period of time. ConclusionsHigher bipolar resilience could identify individuals more likely to exhibit improvement in mood during bipolar specialty clinic treatment.

Benefits of providing videos on the resilience of adolescent girls regarding premarital sexual behavior

The transition period in adolescents increased interest in sexuality can lead to premarital sexual intercourse. Adolescent need education about the resilience of premarital sex through videos. This study aims to determine the benefits of providing video on the resilience of adolescent girls regarding premarital sexual behaviour. The design used pre-experiment with pretest-posttest design. Implementation in March-April 2022 in PGRI 1 Amlapura Senior High School Karangasem Regency, Bali with a total sampling technique of Social and Language Class. The samples are 45 students. The research instrument used a youth resilience questionnaire. Normality test with Shapiro Wilk obtained data is not normally distributed. Analysis used the Wilcoxon test with a significance level of p-value &lt;0.05. The results show the mean before giving a video is 68 and after giving a video the mean is 92. The results of the Wilcoxon test showed there was a significant benefit in giving video with a p-value of 0.001 &lt; 0.05. The comparison of pretest and pottest of adolescent resilience was 44 respondents who had positive ranks and 1 person had ties. Adolescents with low resilience tend to have low self-esteem and pose unwanted risks. Researchers suggest that respondents can apply resilience directly.

Family Communication as a Mediator between Family Resilience and Family Functioning under the Quarantine and COVID-19 Pandemic in Arabic Countries.

The coronavirus pandemic has become an unprecedented world crisis in which we have struggled against the most potent threat of the twenty-first century. This pandemic has had a profound impact on individuals and families. Therefore, the study aimed to examine family communication as a mediator of the relationship between family resilience and family functioning under the quarantine and coronavirus pandemic in Algeria and Iraq. This study was conducted among individuals in Iraq and Algeria (N = 361). The respondents completed the Family Communication Scale (FCS), Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire (WFRQ), and Family Functioning Scale (FFS). Structural equation modeling (SEM) with the bootstrapping method was used to conduct the mediated effects of family communication. Using the bootstrapping method in SEM, family resilience and communication significantly affected family functioning (coefficient = 0.808). Moreover, the direct effect and indirect effect (via family functioning) of family resilience on family functioning were both significant, with coefficients of 0.682 and 0.126. In addition, numerous groups from Iraq and Algeria have been analyzed as a sample and have shown no differences in the relationships between family resilience, family communication, and family functioning. In conclusion, the results showed that family communication mediated the relationship between family resilience and family functioning. Moreover, the type of this mediation seemed to be partial because of the significant direct relationship between family resilience and family functioning. According to the findings, healthcare providers should consider improving family resilience and communication to achieve good family functioning.

Psychological Symptoms Among Iranian Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected working conditions in healthcare systems and caused occupational stress and challenges for the majority of healthcare workers (HCWs). Objectives: This study aimed to examine the prevalence of anxiety, depression, burnout, and career resilience and assess the personal and occupational risk factors contributing to psychological symptoms in Iranian HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Through a cross-sectional study, HCWs were surveyed within January to February 2022 to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety and depression (using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), burnout (using the Maslach burnout inventory health services survey for medical personnel [MBI-HSS-MP]), and career resilience (using the Career Resilience Questionnaire [CRQ]). The correlation between demographic-occupational factors and psychological symptoms was analyzed. A total of 610 complete responses were received from Iranian HCWs. Results: Approximately 87.9% of HCWs had symptoms of both anxiety and depression (HADS score ≥ 11). The results indicated that most HCWs experienced various signs of burnout (i.e., emotional exhaustion, decreased sense of personal accomplishment, and depersonalization, respectively). The mean score for career resilience reported by the participants was appropriate; however, a fifth of the HCWs had poor career resilience. The highest scores of burnout, anxiety, and depression, in addition to the lowest scores of career resilience, were reported by intensive care unit (ICU) professionals. Conclusions: Marital status, long daily working hours, night shift work, access to personal protective equipment (PPE), and direct exposure to patients with COVID-19 had a significant impact on the anxiety, depression, burnout, and resilience of the HCWs.

Coping with the Stress through Individual and Contextual Resilient Factors in Primary School Settings.

Children face school stress as students through all educational stages. A negative association between resilience and stress has been demonstrated by many authors, but most of these studies have been carried out in higher educational stages. So, the aim of the present study is, on the one hand, to find out the level of stress of primary school children and also the types of stressful situations in school settings, and on the other hand, to analyze the effect of individual and contextually resilient factors on their level of school stress. The study involved 427 children between 6 and 12 years of age, who were administered the IECI school stress scale and the RES-PRIM Resilience questionnaire for children. Descriptive analyses, correlations, and regression analyses were performed on the data. Results showed an average level of school stress, with the most stressful situations being: participating in too many activities, concentration problems, and nervousness when being asked by the teacher in class. Predictive analysis showed that part of the school stress could be explained by both individual factors (self-esteem, introspection, future purpose, and social skills) and resilient contextual factors (teacher support, parental support, and peer support). It is concluded that it is necessary to pay more attention to the transitions between different educational stages with programs that reinforce academic information and encourage the development of individual resilient skills, stressing the importance of the role of teachers, peers, and parents as support groups.

When perceived physician burnout leads to family burnout: How secondary emotional trauma impacts physician spouses

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of perceived physician burnout on psychological distress (anxiety, depression, and secondary traumatic stress) in physician spouses. Two‐hundred and three physician spouses participated in the study between April and May 2021. Physician spouses completed a burnout measure on behalf of their physician partner, and psychological distress measures for themselves. Results showed perceived physician burnout was positively correlated with anxiety (r = 0.24), depression (r = 0.13), and secondary traumatic stress (r = 0.14) in physician spouses. A covariate analysis including eight demographic variables did not significantly contribute to the relationship between perceived physician burnout and psychological distress in physician spouses. Moderation analyses showed no significant interactions when the personality trait agreeableness, total score on a resiliency questionnaire, and compassion fatigue were included as moderators in the relationship between perceived physician burnout and psychological distress in physician spouses. These findings indicate that physician spouses experience secondary psychological distress when they believe their partner (the physician) is experiencing burnout, emphasizing the need for mental health support during medical training.

Measuring household resilience to food insecurity among Iranian teachers in disasters and crises

BackgroundFood security is susceptible to disasters and crises. Iran has frequently encountered natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, and droughts, with a significant portion of its budget allocated to these events. While humanitarian aid and support are beneficial in critical situations, they are temporary and do not reduce vulnerability to future crises. Thus, resilience to food insecurity is a multidimensional concept that enhances the capacity to withstand future shocks and stressors. This study aimed to identify the primary dimensions of household resilience to food insecurity among teachers and characterize them across five zones in Tehran.MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of 400 teacher households in Tehran using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), Dietary Diversity Score (DDS), Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), and a resilience questionnaire. We analyzed data by using factor analysis in SPSS 16.0 according to the RIMA-I method proposed by FAO.ResultsThe results revealed that only 45% of households across the five zones of Tehran were resilient at various levels. In Zone 1, 65% of households demonstrated resilience. The dietary diversity score was significantly higher in highly resilient households compared to vulnerable ones. Factor analysis indicated that assets were a crucial dimension of household resilience to food insecurity. A regression analysis was conducted to identify the impact of each latent variable on household resilience, revealing that dimensions such as income and food access, adaptive capacity, assets, stability, and access to essential services accounted for 56% of the resilience index.ConclusionAdditional indicators are required for evaluating and enhancing resilience in food insecurity in urban areas. Consequently, policies and interventions are necessary to improve resilience to food insecurity in vulnerable households.

Effects of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Resiliency, Self-Compassion, and Corona Disease Anxiety on Medical Staff Involved in COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: Since the beginning of 2020, the world has been grappling with a common problem, the coronavirus or COVID-19, causing a significant increase in worry, anxiety, and stress worldwide. In Iran, the rapid spread of the COVID-19 virus has posed serious threats to individuals' physical and mental health. Due to their extensive physical contact with infected individuals, medical staff experience high anxiety levels compared to other members of society. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment approach on the resilience, self-compassion, and corona disease anxiety of medical staff involved in the COVID-19 response in Hamadan, Iran. Methods: This study utilized a semi-experimental design, including pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and control group. The study population included all medical staff involved in the COVID-19 response in Hamadan in 2021. From this population, 40 individuals were purposively selected and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control groups (20 participants in each group). Before the intervention, both groups underwent measurements (pre-test) using the Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (2003), the Neff Self-Compassion Scale (2003), and Alipour et al.'s Corona Disease Anxiety Questionnaire (2018). After the intervention of acceptance and commitment therapy for the experimental group, the same tests were conducted again for both groups (post-test). Finally, three months later, the same measurements were repeated for both groups (follow-up). The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS-25. Results: The findings demonstrated the significant impact of acceptance and commitment therapy in enhancing resilience (P ≤ 0.001) and self-compassion (P ≤ 0.001), as well as reducing COVID-19 anxiety among the medical staff in Hamadan (P ≤ 0.001). Moreover, these effects remained stable during the follow-up phase. Conclusions: The results underscore the importance of utilizing acceptance and commitment therapy to enhance resilience and self-compassion while reducing anxiety among medical staff managing the disease. Additionally, hospital educational and executive managers should prioritize training medical staff in acceptance and commitment skills to effectively address COVID-19 anxiety.

대학생의 불안정 성인애착과 회복탄력성의 관계에서 미치는 사회적 지지의 매개효과

Objectives The purposes of this study is to examine the mediating effects of sosial support between uncertainty adult attachment and resilience of university students.&#x0D; Methods A total 389 students who randomly sampled responsed to the questionnaire at university in Gyeonggi-do. The study utilized Experience in Close Relationship-Revised(ECR-R), Social Support and Resilience questionnaire. For the collected data was used by the SPSS 24.0 program and reliability analysis, frequency analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, and correlation analysis were performed. Baron and Kenny's mediation analysis was conducted to verify the mediating effect of social support between uncertainty adult attachment and resilience.&#x0D; Results As a result of the correlation analysis of each variable, Both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance showed a statistically significant negative correlation with resilience, and both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance showed a statistically significant negative correlation with social support. In addition, social support was found to have a statistically positive correlation with resilience. Social support was found to play a partial mediating role in the relationship between insecure adult attachment and resilience.&#x0D; Conclusions Through this study, it was found that social support has a positive effect on resilience. And In order to improve resilience, the importance of the surrounding roles of family, friends, schools, and neighbors was found. In addition, even if there are no support resources in the family, the warm interest and heart of social members toward teenagers should come first.

Students’ Preference in Online Learning Environment and Academic Resilience in Relation to Their Academic Performance in Mathematics

Students' online learning environment and academic resilience are indicators of academic success in online learning. This study determined the level of perception in an online learning environment and academic resilience concerning students' performance in Mathematics among Junior High School students at Misamis University, Ozamis City, during the first quarter of the school year 2021-2022. The researchers used the descriptive-correlational research design. The respondents were 148 Junior High School students chosen by simple random sampling. The instruments used were the Students' Online Learning Environment Questionnaire (SOLEQ) and the Students' Academic Resilience Questionnaire (SARQ). Mean, standard deviation, Pearson r, and Stepwise Regression Analysis were the statistical tools used. Findings revealed that students had a high level of perception in their online learning environment and had high academic resilience in their online learning. They performed very satisfactorily in their online class. There was a significant relationship between the students' online learning environment in terms of computer usage, teacher support, and student autonomy and their academic performance in Mathematics. In the students' online learning environment, there was no significant relationship between the other variables and their academic achievement in Mathematics. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the students' academic resilience and their academic performance in Mathematics. Computer Usage predicted students' academic performance in Mathematics. Teachers need to be technologically proficient in using technology as an educational tool. School administrators conduct online seminars, trainings, and workshops regarding technical literacy. Future researchers must look into other factors contributing to the student's academic performance in online learning.

Investigation of the Effect of an Online Supportive Education Program on the Family Caregivers’ Resilience and Abuse of People with Dementia: A Controlled Randomized Trial

Dementia and its progressive nature necessitate care and impose dependency on family caregivers, exposing them to psychological distress and even abuse of people with dementia. The effects of psychological distress and subsequent abuse can be lessened with increased resilience. This study investigates the effect of a supportive online education program on family caregivers’ resilience and abuse of people with dementia. In total, 74 family caregivers of dementia patients participated in this controlled randomized trial, which was conducted from February 2022 to July 2022. Data were gathered using the Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire, and the Caregiver Abuse Screen. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of baseline variables, resilience, and abuse. The intervention resulted in no significant difference in the scores of resilience ( p = .08) and abuse ( p = .447). Both the intervention ( p = .430) and control ( p = .082) groups showed no evidence of a significant change in resilience between before and after the intervention. However, a significant difference was found in the abuse scores before and after the study in the intervention group ( p = .022). The intervention did not significantly affect family caregivers’ resilience and abuse of people with dementia, but it reduced abuse in the intervention group. Taking note of these results, this study proposes other solutions to improve outcomes, and also education and support of family caregivers to diminish their abuse of people with dementia.

Levels of Social Psychological and Socio-Cultural Resilience of Women in Cities Bukittinggi Through Gender Responsive Family Schools

This study aims to reveal the level of social psychological and socio-cultural resilience of women in the city of Bukittinggi. The vulnerability of families experiencing family resilience problems, so the City Government of Bukittinggi established a Family School. Through the Family School, materials and training are provided for women who have families to maintain the resilience of their families. This type of research is descriptive and quantitative with a total sample of 86 people who have attended the Family School. Data was collected using a Family Resilience questionnaire that had been formulated by the Ministry of Women and Children's Empowerment (KPPA). The results showed that the Dimensions of Psychological Social Resilience with the following categories were Not Resistant 12 people, Sufficiently Resistant 73 people, and Resistant only 1 person. For the Socio-Cultural Dimension, 27 people are Not Resistant, 53 people are Sufficient, and 6 people are Resistant. In general, the level of family resilience in women who have attended Family Schools is Sufficient Level of Having Family Resilience