Resilience Research Articles

Stochastic analysis of the rocking vulnerability of irregular anchored rigid bodies: application to soils of Mexico City

This paper focuses on the development and assessment of the expected damage for the rocking response of rigid anchored blocks, with irregular geometry and non-uniform mass distribution, considering the site conditions and the seismicity of Mexico City. The non-linear behavior of the restrainers is incorporated to evaluate the pure tension and tension-shear failure mechanisms. A probabilistic framework is performed covering a wide range of block sizes, slenderness ratios and eccentricities using physics-based ground motion simulation. In order to incorporate the uncertainties related to the propagation of far-field earthquakes with a significant contribution to the seismic hazard at study sites, it was simulated a set of scenarios using a stochastic summation methods of small-earthquakes records, considered as Empirical Green's Function (EGFs). As Engineering Demand Parameter (EDP), the absolute value of the maximum block rotation normalized by the body slenderness, as a function of the peak ground acceleration (PGA) is adopted. The results show that anchorages are more efficient for blocks with slenderness ratio between two and three, while slenderness above four provide a better stability when they are not restrained. Besides, there is a range of peak intensities where anchored blocks located in soft soils are less vulnerable with respect to those located in firm soils. The procedure used in here allows to take decisions about risk, reliability and resilience assessment of different types of contents, and it is easily adaptable to other seismic environments.

Empowering Consumers to Take Charge is Key to Promoting Resilience, Independence and Self-Management

Empowering Consumers to Take Charge is Key to Promoting Resilience, Independence and Self-Management

Estratégias de enfrentamento de adolescentes com câncer

O câncer na adolescência é marcado por uma junção de crises. Para explicar como ocorre o enfrentamento desta doença utilizou-se o modelo cognitivo comportamental das estratégias de enfrentamento. O objetivo principal deste artigo é investigar quais estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas por adolescentes em tratamento oncológico atendidos em um serviço especializado situado em um hospital de atenção terciária localizado em Fortaleza (Ceará, Brasil). Foi aplicada a Escala Modos de Enfrentamento de Problemas juntamente com um Roteiro Sociodemográfico e de Consulta ao Prontuário com adolescentes na faixa etária de 14 a 19 anos. Os dados foram organizados e analisados através do software SPSS. Os resultados mostram que a média de idade é de 15,86 anos, com mais adolescentes do sexo masculino (53,33%) procedentes da capital (60%), e nível de escolaridade no ensino médio incompleto. A estratégia de enfrentamento mais empregada pelos participantes é a focalizada no pensamento religioso, componente ligado a comportamentos adaptativos dos pacientes que serve como um importante fator de proteção à saúde e a maiores níveis de resiliência. Os resultados mostram a necessidade de compreender mais sobre como funciona o aspecto religioso no enfrentamento do câncer e em como a psicologia pode atuar no fortalecimento das estratégias adaptativas.

Patterns of metaphysical discourse in West-African migrants’ ELF-mediated trauma narratives

This chapter focuses on an ongoing ethnographic research enquiring into West-African migrants’ and refugees’ trauma narratives mediated by a use of English as a ‘lingua franca’ (ELF) in Italian contexts of intercultural communication. The six case studies under investigation apply a construct built on models of Cognitive-Experiential Linguistics, Possible-Worlds Semantics and Modal Logic to the discourse analysis of Nigerian migrants’ ELF-mediated trauma narratives. Ethnographic data show that such trauma narratives are prevalently characterized by features from the migrants’ typologically-different native languages which come to be transferred into their ELF variations at the levels of: ergative clause structures, modality, idiomatic lexicon, and metaphorical patterns of a metaphysical kind. More specifically, it has been observed that, in such narratives, migrants often employ modal operators in the description of much- desired ‘possible worlds’ projected into a transcendental dimension triggered by their strong feelings and emotions which transfigure traumatic events and their effects into personifications of supernatural entities taking the animate agentive shapes, in ergative- subject position, of cruel Yoruba deities, or imaginary monsters often generated by a process of hybridization between parallel mythological creatures in both native and host cultures. In the case studies in point – making reference to a wider corpus of ELF- mediated West-African migrants’ and refugees’ trauma narratives (Guido 2018) – it has been noticed that the Nigerian migrants’ degree of psychological resilience to traumatic experiences is determined by their more or less optimistic prospects on the achievement of the much-desired ‘possible worlds’ which they represent in their minds as a sort of ‘utopia’, in contrast with the ‘dystopian real world’ that they have sadly experienced. In particular, the corpus of trauma narratives reveals the frequent occurrence of specific patterns in association with a four-level gradient ranging from possible, unreal, and impossible utopian worlds up to – as a more recent development triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic – a much-too-real dystopian world. Each of these degrees have been defined as trauma narratives of, respectively: ‘hope’, ‘frustration’, ‘despair’, and ‘urge of stampede’.

Six strategies to build resilience

Six strategies to build resilience

Association between childhood psychological resilience and school violence awareness in rural areas of Southern Henan

Objective To understand the relationship between childhood psychological resilience and of school violence awareness in rural areas in southern Henan, and to provide support and reference for the prevention and control of school violence. Methods A total of 6 484 primary school children in grades 4一6 in the rural areas of Dengzhou, Xincai and Gushi counties in southern Henan were surveyed for psychological resilience and awareness on school violence. Results The average score of psychological resilience of grade 4一6 pupils in rural areas of southern Henan was (39.92±8.18), and the average score of school violence awareness was (60.78±6.19). In terms of age, gender, grade, school type, personality, class performance, academic performance, smoking, intimate friends, playing games, truancy, loitering outside the school, relationship with siblings, father’s education, mother’s education, parental conflict, parenting style, the proportion of primary school students in different level of school violence awareness varied statistically different ( P <0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression showed, after controlling for confounding factors, psychological resilience was an independent influencing factor affecting awareness on school violence ( OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.05一1.08), with better psychological resilience, being associated with higher school violence awareness ( P <0.01). Conclusion The level of school violence awareness and psychological resilience of pupils in southern Henan is relatively low. The higher level of psychological resilience, the higher level of school violence awareness; psychological resilience might be improved through education and household parenting modification to prevent and reduce the incidence of violence on campus. 【摘要】 目的 了解豫南农村地区儿童心理弹性与校园暴力认知的关联, 为儿童校园暴力防控提供支持和参考。 方法 在豫南地区的邓州市、新蔡县、固始县农村, 分层随机抽取 6 484 名小学四至六年级儿童进行心理弹性、校园暴力认知等调 查。 结果 豫南农村地区四至六年级小学生心理韧性平均得分为 (39.92±8.18)分, 校园暴力认知平均得分为 (60.78± 6.19)分。在年龄、性别、年级、学校类型、性格、是否班干、学习成绩、吸烟、知心朋友、玩游戏、逃课情况、校外游荡、与兄妹 关系、父母亲学历、父母吵架、主要家庭教育、被教育方式等方面, 小学生的校园暴力认知水平分布差异均有统计学意义 (P 值均<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示, 在控制混杂因素后, 心理韧性与校园暴力认知存在正向关联 ( OR = 1.06,95% CI = 1.05~ 1.08, P <0.01)。 结论 豫南地区小学生的校园暴力认知和心理韧性水平较低, 小学生心理韧性水平越高则校园 暴力认知水平越高。可通过改善家庭教育环境和加强教育的方式提高心理弹性, 预防和降低校园暴力的发生。

A Study of Optimism and Resilience

College students are the ones who face a lot of stress during their academic life. Some tackle them efficiently; however,some are not able to tackle them, while some are slower to tackle them. They may be optimistic or pessimistic in their life orientation. According to research people who are optimistic tend to be higher on resilience. The researched aimed to investigate the correlation between optimism and resilience. Gender differences were also studied. For this purpose the following tools were employed: Life Orientation Test-Revised for optimism and Brief Resilience Scale for resilience. The sample of 60 students in which 30 males and 30 females between 18 to 22 years was taken. Correlation, t- ratio, and regression analysis were the techniques of statistical analysis used. It was found that there is no significant relation between resilience and optimism. And it was found that significant gender differences in optimism but not on resilience. Resilience is a predictor of optimism.

Resilience, Mindfulness and Flourishing in Middle Aged Adults

Resilience refers to one’s ability to overcome challenges. Mindfulness is an attitude of awareness and non-judgmentally accepting one’s moment-to-moment experience. Flourishing includes a range of positive concepts and offers a more holistic construct to being well and happy. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between mindfulness, resilience and flourishing. The current study was conducted on 111 middle aged adults from the age of 40-60 years old. The results showed that mindfulness, resilience and flourishing were all significantly related to one another. It was also seen that those who were working were significantly more mindful and resilient than those who were not. Lastly, the results also showed that resilience and flourishing were predicted by mindfulness. The study has important implications for the field of positive psychology.

Resilience and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Flood Affected Farmers of Kerala, India

Background: In mid-August 2018, Kerala witnessed the worst floods since 1924 due to abnormally high rainfall and simultaneous release of water from its dams, resulting in extreme flooding in 13 of 14 districts in the State. The large-scale flooding impacted millions of people and caused nearly 400 deaths as well as immense damage to property. This was followed by flooding yet again in August 2019, thereby triggering further damage. Farmers whose crops got completely wiped out were one group that were severely affected. This study investigated the presence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in farmers and also checked the relationship between PTSD and resilience. A purposive sample of 100 farmers from the Alappuzha and Pathanamthitta district of Kerala which were severely affected were taken. Data was collected through the PTSD-8, Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) along with sociodemographic data and flood related information. Data was analyzed to find that there was a high incidence of PTSD among the farmers (74%). Prevalence of PTSD was higher in interior Pathanamthitta than in coastal Alappuzha which was used to flooding due to its proximity to the sea and river mouth. The flood related variables such as level of damage did not have significant correlation with PTSD. However there was significant negative correlation between PTSD and resilience (r=- 0.64).

Editorial : Responding to emergencies through preparedness and resilience

Editorial : Responding to emergencies through preparedness and resilience

ATUAÇÃO EMPRESARIAL PARA SUSTENTABILIDADE E RESILIÊNCIA NO CONTEXTO DA COVID-19

RESUMO O enfrentamento da crise da Covid-19 ressaltou a importância do olhar crítico e sistêmico para a atuação empresarial para sustentabilidade. Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a sustentabilidade, através das lentes teóricas de sustentabilidade “forte” e “fraca” e suas relações com os paradigmas econômicos; apresentar a teoria da resiliência como alternativa frente aos atuais desafios; e analisar, com base nos conceitos apresentados, indícios de como as organizações estão reagindo inicialmente, em suas atuações com sustentabilidade, à crise da Covid-19. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com empresas que atuam no Brasil. Como resultado, indícios de realinhamento ao propósito inicial da empresa de criar valor para a sociedade coexistem com indícios de continuidade da aposta em soluções via mercado e da busca por crescimento infinito em um planeta com recursos limitados.

Psychological Capital as Predictor of Psychological Well-Being among Doctors

Positive psychology has been receiving great importance because of its stress management nature. The present study also derives some variables from the same because employees working in health care services are overlaid by workload, time pressure, sleep deprivation, irregular meals, staff conflicts and role conflicts, etc. Therefore, the aim of present research study is to investigate whether psychological Capital (PsyCap) contributes to the variance in Psychological well-being among Post Graduate doctors working in Government Medical College (GMC), Srinagar, Kashmir. The study was conducted on 100 post graduate doctors’including 55 male and 45female doctors within the age range from 24 to 45 years. The PsyCap was assessed by Luthans, Avolio and Avey’s (2007) 12 items scale. It further consists of four subscales, i.e., Hope, Self Efficacy, Resilience and Optimism. To assess Psychological Well-being the Ryff and Keye’s Psychological Well-being Scale (1995) of 18 items was used. It measures six dimensions of Psychological Well-being. The results revealed that PsyCap contributes12% to the variance in psychological wellbeing among Post Graduate doctors working in Government medical College, Srinagar, Kashmir. Further, the study also revealed that there is no difference in PsyCap as well as in psychological wellbeing so far as gender is concerned.

체조선수의 회복탄력성이 중도포기에 미치는 영향

이 연구는 체조선수의 회복탄력성이 중도포기에 미치는 영향을 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 대한체조협회에 등록된 중학생 이상의 체조선수 215명을 대상으로 확률적표집방법의 중 체계적 표집방법을 사용하였다. 조사도구는 회복탄력성과 중도포기 질문지를 사용하였으며, 연구절차는 연구자가 체조대회 심판으로 참가하여 지도자와 선수들에게 연구의 목적과 취지에 대해 설명한 후 훈련장에서 직접 자료를 수집하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 24.0을 활용하여 빈도분석, 탐색적요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관관계분석, 독립표본T-검증, 일원배치 분산분석 그리고 위계적 다중회귀분석을 활용하여 다음과 같은 결과가 나타났다. 성별, 소속, 입상경력별로 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 위계적 다중회귀분석결과 체조선수의 중도포기를 감소시키기 위해 회복탄력성의 긍정성과 자기조절능력을 상대적으로 높여야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 이유는 체조종목의 특성상 힘든 훈련과 부상의 위험, 지도자와 갈등 그리고 비인기 종목으로 인한 미래에 대한 불안이 높기 때문이라 생각된다. 따라서 체조선수의 잠재적 소질개발과 건강한 선수로 성장하기 위해 수직적이고 폐쇄적인 운동부 변화, 선수 인권 향상, 학업과 운동의 병행 그리고 미래를 준비하기 위한 국가적 지원 등이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

Stress and Resilience in the Pandemic and Beyond

Stress and Resilience in the Pandemic and Beyond

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria are sensitive and not resilient to organic amendment and nitrapyrin disturbances, but ammonia-oxidizing archaea are resistant

Understanding the response of soil microorganisms to environmental disturbance is critical to predicting rates of ecosystem processes. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) drive the rate-limiting step of nitrification. However, the effect of fertilization disturbances (organic amendments and biochemical inhibitors) on the resistance and resilience of communities of AOB and AOA is unknown. Here, we explored the responses of the AOA and AOB communities (based on abundance, diversity, richness and composition) after disturbances caused by the application of inorganic N (urea alone, IN), an organic amendment (cattle manure, OA), a urease inhibitor (NBPT) and a nitrification inhibitor (nitrapyrin) or their combination in a calcareous soil after 85 days. A relative quantitative index of both the resistance (RS) and resilience (RL) was used to assess the variation of gene communities. The AOB community α-diversity, richness and abundance rapidly increased at 7 days after IN and OA (P < 0.05) compared to CK (without any disturbances), whereas those factors decreased after OA + nitrapyrin or OA + nitrapyrin + NBPT application. The RS indices of AOA abundance and diversity were higher than those of AOB after the IN, OA and nitrapyrin disturbances, indicating AOA were more resistant. NMDS analysis showed that the changes in the composition of the AOB community were observed both at 7 and 85 days after OA + nitrapyrin disturbance. In contrast, the AOA community composition did not change within 85 days after these disturbances. Moreover, the RL indices of AOB community were much lower than those of AOA. Soil pH and ammonium (NH4+) played major roles in the changes in the AOB community in response to disturbance. Taken together, our results highlight that AOB are sensitive and not resilient to organic amendment or nitrapyrin disturbance, while AOA are resistant to these disturbances in calcareous soil.

Resurgence of Deprived Society: Reinvention and Resilience

Resurgence of Deprived Society: Reinvention and Resilience

Resilience Analysis and Cascading Failure Modeling of Power Systems under Extreme Temperatures

In this paper, we propose an AC power flow based cascading failure model that explicitly considers external weather conditions, extreme temperatures in particular, and evaluates the impact of extreme temperature on the initiation and propagation of cascading blackouts. Based on this model, careful analysis is performed on the resilience of the power system under extreme temperatures. Specifically, load and dynamic line rating changes are modeled due to temperature disturbance, the probabilities for transmission line and generator outages are evaluated, and the timing for each type of events is carefully calculated to decide the actual event sequence. It should be emphasized that the correlated events, in the advent of external temperature changes, could together contribute to voltage instability. Besides, we model undervoltage load shedding and operator re-dispatch as control strategies for preventing the propagation of cascading failures. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by simulation results on the RTS-96 3-area system and it is found that temperature disturbances can lead to correlated load change and line/generator tripping, which together will greatly increase the risk of cascading and voltage instability. Critical temperature change, critical area with temperature disturbance, identification of most vulnerable buses, and comparison of different control strategies are also carefully investigated.

IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON HOUSE-STAFF

SESSION TITLE: Late-breaking Abstracts SESSION TYPE: Original Investigations PRESENTED ON: October 18-21, 2020 PURPOSE: On April 7, 2020, 597 people died from COVID-19 in NYC That was the peak of a pandemic which has caused nearly twenty-thousand confirmed deaths in the city since March 11, 2020 Internal Medicine residents took care of these patients Traditionally communication skills and nuances necessary for breaking bad news and complex goals of care discussions are refined over years of practice, not weeks Poor coping skills with patient death in large numbers can lead to burnout and compassion-fatigue This study aims to examine the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on house-staff, their communication skills and perceived abilities to cope with patient death METHODS: An IRB approved (#20-03637) anonymous REDCap survey was shared by email to all Mount Sinai Morningside and West Internal Medicine house-staff who had worked from March to June 2020 Respondents answered open and closed ended questions plus Bugen’s “Coping with Death Survey” (CDS) which uses Likert-scale questions to produce scores from 30 to 210 Scores below 105 indicate inadequate coping and scores above 157 suggest optimal coping RESULTS: There was a total of forty-eight respondents (n=94 surveyed) of whom thirty-two answered every question Their mean age was 29 5 (n=48, SD 2 53) 47 9% (n=23) had worked as doctors for three years, 47 9% (n=23) had worked as doctors outside of the U S , and 56 3% (n=27) were interns Before the pandemic, house-staff discussed goals of care, broke bad news, and encountered patient death “less than once a week” (44 2%, n=19), (58 1%, n=25), (93%, n=40) respectively During the pandemic they discussed goals of care “every day” (48 8%, n=21) They broke bad news and encountered patient death “every other day” (46 5%, n=20) and (39 5%, n=17) respectively Levels of comfort and fluency with these conversations improved from before (Mean 52 05, SD 24 01) and during (Mean=76 7, SD 14 89) the pandemic (t=6 7301, p=0 0001, n=40) 92 3% (n=36) of respondents feel more comfortable treating dying patients but 51 3% (n=20) of them remember a “particularly bad experience at work” Three people (7 7%) have changed their career plans Respondents’ (n=32) overall CDS score mean was 131 5 (SD 20 07) Those with less than two years’ experience working as doctors (n=16, Mean 124 44, SD 18 20) compared to those with more experience (n=16, Mean=138 56, SD 19 88) had a significantly lower mean CDS score (t= 2 0965, p= 0 0446) CONCLUSIONS: More than half of residents remember traumatic encounters during this period of high patient death While their levels of comfort caring for and communicating with these patients improved during this time, their ability to cope with death remains suboptimal, particularly amongst the junior house-staff CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Internal Medicine residency programs should implement breaking bad news workshops and educate house-staff on resilience in times of crisis DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Raymonde Jean, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Katherine Mark, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Georgina Osorio, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Patrick Tobin-Schnittger, source=Web Response

How Do Parentally Bereaved Emerging Adults Define Resilience? It's a Process

The construct of resilience can be used to better understand college students who successfully navigate emerging adulthood after the death of a parent. This study used grounded theory to explore the age‐salient tasks that parentally bereaved emerging adults use to define resilience. Four tasks were identified and are discussed in the context of popular grief discourse. A conceptualization of resilience as a process is proposed, and ways counselors can apply this construct are discussed.

Third-year resilience days: Fortifying students against burnout.

Third-year resilience days: Fortifying students against burnout.