Resilience Skills Research Articles

Online resilience support groups during the COVID-19 pandemic: the Philippine experience

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the outcomes of an online resilience support group during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. Specifically, it described the extent to which the program improved adaptive coping, non-reactivity, resilience and well-being and decreased stress, depression and anxiety symptoms of participants.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a pretest–posttest design with 53 participants. A majority of participants were female (74%) who participated in the program for 6–8 weeks. Scales measuring adaptive coping, non-reactivity, resilience, well-being, stress, depression and anxiety were administered before and after the completion of the modules.FindingsResults revealed significant improvements in adaptive coping particularly seeking emotional and instrumental support, active coping, and religious coping. The results also showed significant improvements in nonreactivity, psychological well-being and resilience and decrease in depression symptoms. Effect size estimates indicate medium effect sizes for well-being and nonreactivity with the other outcomes having small effect sizes.Research limitations/implicationsA limitation of this study is the lack of a randomized control trial design and the lack of control for extraneous variables. Future studies using rigorous and longitudinal designs are recommended. Future studies may also examine program implementation factors such as using homogenous groups.Practical implicationsIn most low-income countries, the provision of mental health and psychosocial support during the COVID-19 pandemic has been hampered by the lack of mental health professionals, issues of internet connectivity and a lack of resources and access. Online resilience support groups may provide a means to address these challenges by making mental health support more accessible and available.Social implicationsThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused isolation and a means to bridge this is through peer support groups. This may be especially important in collectivist cultures where social relationships serve as recovery capital.Originality/valueAlthough there has been a rise in the use of technology, most are in the form of individual or self-help interventions. This paper examines the feasibility of an online structured peer support group that focuses on building resilience skills. It fills a gap in the literature on online peer support groups that may be most relevant for low-income countries with a dearth of mental health specialists.

DINAMIKA RESILIENSI PROSES PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN DAN DAMPAKNYA DI KALANGAN REMAJA YANG MENGALAMI KEHAMILAN TIDAK DIINGINKAN

Background: Unwanted pregnancy is an adversity that provoke a chain reaction in teenager’s life. Teenage unwanted pregnancy culminates to two decision options: whether to keep the pregnancy (until term delivery and thus become a mother to the child, or giving it up for adoption) or to have an abortion. Along the pregnancy, these young girls will face conflicts. Individuals hold potency to overcome conflicts through thinking and resilience skill.
 Objective: The study aimed to obtain a description of resilience dynamics from the process of decision making to its aftermath and impact in groups of teenage girls experiencing unwanted pregnancy in Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
 Methods: The methodology of this research is a longitudinal qualitative research. Respondents were married and unmarried young women in the Special Region of Yogyakarta who experienced unwanted pregnancies.
 Results: Firstly, resilience dynamics in continuing pregnancy group showed a course of: a) feeling confused and panic; b) realizing they have done a stupid and embarassing thing; c) confessing their pregnancy honestly; d) doubting whether to continue or to end the pregnancy.
 Conclusion: Both groups in the first trimester still consider themselves stupid and unable to think in the long term. The advanced pregnancy group and the pregnant women group had a desire to be independent even though they still depended on their parents and felt more challenged to achieve achievements in the second trimester.

The Role of Resilience in Reducing Burnout: A Study with Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Although burnout is a widely studied topic, there is still much to learn about this symptom during a pandemic crisis like the one caused by COVID-19. Moreover, and according to the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) theory, the relation between personal resources and burnout is still an understudied topic. The main goal of this research is to understand the influence of mental resilience on the three dimensions of burnout-emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal achievement-among healthcare workers when exposed to a pandemic situation. A cross-sectional study was conducted based on the administration of an online survey to a sample of 196 healthcare workers (nurses and doctors) during the second wave of COVID-19 in Portugal. Hypotheses were tested using Partial Least Squares. The results show that during a pandemic situation, higher levels of resilience associated both with lower levels of emotional exhaustion (Emotional Exhaustion: −0.17; 95% Confidence Interval–CI: −0.38, 0.04) and depersonalization (Depersonalization: −0.17; 95% CI: −0.31, −0.03), and higher levels of personal achievement (Personal Achievement: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.61). Resilience should be considered an important asset for reducing levels of burnout when facing highly stressing situations. The main contribution of this research is related to the role of personal resources as an inhibitor of negative consequences of job strain, such as burnout. The findings add new knowledge to the topic of fighting (not just understanding) burnout in deeply stressful situations, like the COVID-19 pandemic, reinforcing the importance of developing personal resources. Resilience skills may be developed, thus reducing the risk of burnout.

Organizational resilience, job satisfaction and business performance

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the effects of organizational resilience on job satisfaction and business performance in companies that have undergone corporate reorganizations.Design/methodology/approachA survey was carried out on a sample of 102 executives and managers from Brazilian companies that underwent corporate reorganization. The structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results indicate that organizational resilience influences business performance (in the dimensions of economy-financial, customers and processes/learning) and job satisfaction (in the dimensions of financial and personal benefits). However, the relations between job satisfaction and business performance were partial, indicating that satisfaction can affect performance through other variables.Research limitations/implicationsThe main study implication lies on the empirical immersion regarding the effects of active organizational resilience on multi-faceted business performance, to the detriment of only the financial view and on job satisfaction.Practical implicationsThe distinct effects of resilience on business performance and job satisfaction provide managers with insight into how to allocate resources, in order to benefit the interests of both employer and employee.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies to provide empirical evidence of the effects of active organizational resilience on multi-dimensional business performance. The results provide new insights into this relationship and may clarify divergent results found in the literature. It also provides evidence of the effects of active organizational resilience on job satisfaction in companies that have undergone corporate reorganizations, events that are supposed to require resilient skills.

The experience of children with a parent suffering from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis during the COVID-19 pandemic

Children that have a parent with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) suffer from the progressive loss of their beloved ones. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the difficulties faced by these children have increased. The study aimed to detect whether there were differences between the minors experiencing a relative’s ALS and the minors with no experience of ALS and it aimed also to detect the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on these minors. The study involved Italian participants, in particular: the target group consisted of 38 children (7–18 years) (T0/T1); the control group consisted of 38 children (9–14 years) (T0 only). The following variables were measured: attachment with the Security Scale (SS), affects with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (PANAS-C), behavioural problems with Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), death representation with Testoni Death Representation Scale for Children (TDRS-C), self-concept with the Multidimensional Self Concept Scale (MSCS), resilience and socio-emotional skills with the Devereux Student Strengths Assessment (DESSA). The results showed higher negative affectivity (p < .001), externalising behaviours (p < .05), uncertainty in reflective function (p < .05) in the target group compared to the control one; after the COVID-19 pandemic minors in the target group showed reduced certainty of mental states (p < .05) and interpersonal and scholastic self-esteem (p < .05). The impact of ALS on these minors is significant and produces negative affect, externalizing behaviours and uncertainty of mental states. The lockdown situation due to the COVID-19 pandemic has further aggravated minors in their school and interpersonal self-esteem.

Relation between Head Nurses' Resilience Level Skill and Their Empowering Behavior

Background: Head nurses in specialty areas as the intensive care unit are susceptible to work-place stress due to facing many challenges, that make head nurses have to create work place that is optimal for the provision of nursing care by motivating, resilience and empowering their nurses. Therefore, it is important for head nurse to be resilient and able to show the leader behaviors that empowers their staff nurses. Aim: This study aimed to assess the relation between head nurses' resilience level skill and their empowering behavior. Subject and method: Descriptive correlational research design used in the study. The study was conducted at Tanta University Hospitals at different Intensive Care Units. The study subject: Consisted of 40 head nurses and 250 staff nurses working in the same setting. Tools: Two tools were used to collect the data. Tool I: Head Nurses' Resilience Levels Skills Structured Questionnaire. Tool II: Staff Nurses' Perception Regarding Head Nurses' Empowering Behavior Questionnaire. Results: Around two thirds of head nurses had high level of overall resilience skills and the staff nurses reported that near to half of their head nurses had high level of overall empowering behavior. Conclusion: There were statistically positive correlations between overall head nurses' resilience skills and staff nurses' perception regarding head nurses' empowering behavior. Recommendations: Nursing organization reinforce head nurses' resilience skills and keep the progress of empowering behavior, through emphasize on using coaching empowering behavior as an effective approach to support head nurses in a variety of positions. Also, building resilience skills and in head nurses through attending workshops and in-service training which improve head nurses' selfefficacy and improve patient care outcomes.So, it is important to introduce resilience training in the nursing curricula to empower nurses and equip them to handle the adverse working conditions they will experience in the nursing profession

PO-1506 Psychological impact of COVID 19 pandemic in cancer patients: a cross sectional observational study

Purpose or Objective: On 30 January 2020,WHO declared the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID19).As cancer patients are already considered at increased risk of persistent depressive and anxiety disorders, the aim of this study was to evaluate psycological impact of the COVID19 pandemic in these patients.Psychological counseling services were offered to patients who showed anxiety and stress above selected cut off levels. Materials and Methods: All consecutive adult cancer outpatients between April and May 2020 were prospectively enrolled in this study and therefore received structured and validated ad-hoc questionnaires.Emotional distress was measured by means of visual scale.The structured questionnaire consisted of questions covering several areas such as knowledge and concerns about COVID19,the psychological impact of the COVID19 outbreak and mental health.Validated self-assessment questionnaires for the evaluation of psychological functioning and resilience skills were:1)Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC-25) investigating five factors of resilience;2)Beck Depression Inventory-II(BDI-II)consisting of 21 items evaluating the severity of depression;3)State and Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI-¬TRAIT-Y) investigating the anxiety-trait and anxiety-state. Results: A total of 208 patients completed the survey with a participation rate of 99%. Most of patients(79.3%) were in treatment and 20.7% in follow up.70 patients(42.7%) received palliation treatment and 94(57.3%) curative treatment. Patients who cohabited with others declared themselves to be more resilient;the COVID related physical concern is worse in those with lung cancer than in other cancers and in those on active treatment compared to follow up. COVID-related physical concern correlates significantly with depression, distress, and state and trait anxiety. (Figure Presented) Conclusion: During COVID19,depression and emotionality were limited in our patients.Physical concern,as expected due to the cancer diagnosis,was present in this cohort of patients and was higher in treatment compared with follow up patients.COVID19 worsens Trait-Anxiety in all patients.

Resilience and anxiety among intensive care unit professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BackgroundThe situation of the COVID‐19 global pandemic has generated an unprecedented state of emergency worldwide that has had a psychological impact on health care workers working in the ICU and this has created the need to implement different psychological strategies.AimThis study explores (a) the prevalence of symptoms associated with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), (b) the relationship between GAD symptoms and resilience skills, and (c) which of the resilience skills were associated with a probable GAD among the ICU professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Study designCross‐sectional survey design.MethodsWe explored anxiety and resilience in 448 ICU health care workers using an online survey.ResultsThe participants showed high resilience levels and more than half of them presented symptoms consistent with a possible diagnosis of GAD. The GAD symptoms were more prevalent among women, nursing assistants, interns, staff who worked on rotation and health care workers who had to attend to more than 20 COVID patients. Significant negative correlations between resilience skills and GAD symptoms were found. The multiple regression analysis showed that resilience skills contribute to 14.4% of the variance for GAD symptoms. The binary logistic regression showed that the only skill that had a significant and negative predictive effect was “I usually take things in my stride” (OR = 0.774, 95% CI 0.67, 0.88; P = .000). This ability was the differentiating skill between professionals who equal or exceed the cut‐off point established for the diagnosis of a probable GAD regarding those who do not.ConclusionICU professionals developed symptoms consistent with a possible diagnosis of GAD due to their exposure to extremely stressful circumstances. However, resilience skills acted as a protective factor.Relevance to clinical practiceThe importance of incorporating programmes that mitigate these psychological effects and to promote adaptive coping styles during pandemics has become a need after what ICU professionals have gone through.

Rethinking the Education Paradigm in Morocco in the Covid-19 Context- Assessment of Resilience Curricula in Higher Education

The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted mental and emotional health in significant ways, and has worsened the already existing crisis of rising anxiety, chronic stress and depression among the youth. This was particularly marked by the drastic lockdown measures, the incessant stream of bad news, and the sudden shift to online education. Faced with stressors, resilience is a skill-set that aids with adapting, coping, and bouncing back from adversity while maintaining or quickly returning to a relatively healthy psychological functioning. This article therefore aims to explore the past, present and future situation regarding emotional and mental resilience skills in Moroccan higher education curricula. To this end, structured and semi-structured interviews have been conducted with four senior officials at the Ministry of Education in Rabat, Morocco. Furthermore, surveys have been collected from faculty members in eight public universities. The findings reveal that resilience education has not been officially implemented yet in Moroccan universities. However, the national vision shows the rising awareness in the need to shift to a more holistic educational paradigm, especially in light of the Covid-19 pandemic, to better prepare students for the uncertain and fast-changing future.

The Relationship between Resilience and Academic Burnout among Nursing and Midwifery Students in Kermanshah, Iran

Background. Nursing and midwifery students have relatively high levels of academic burnout. One of the mechanisms to combat this issue is resilience. The results related to the association between academic burnout and resilience indicate a negative association, but various studies have reported different correlation coefficients. Therefore, the current study was aimed to investigate the association between resilience and academic burnout among nursing and midwifery students. Methods. A total of 240 nursing and midwifery students were recruited in this cross-sectional study using stratified random sampling. Data were collected by a demographic information questionnaire, the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS). Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 using t-test, ANOVA, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and linear regression analysis. Results. The mean scores of academic burnout for nursing and midwifery students were 41.4 ± 14.8 and 41.2 ± 12.3, respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.368). The mean scores of resilience for nursing and midwifery students were 58.1 ± 13.3 and 52.9 ± 13.9, respectively, which showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.004). Resilience was significantly inversely correlated with academic burnout in nursing and midwifery students (r = −0.04,p &lt; 0.001; r = −0.39,p &lt; 0.001). Increased resilience in students decreased academic burnout (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion. Academic burnout was moderate in nursing and midwifery students, but resilience was relatively high. Given the negative correlation between resilience and academic burnout, it is necessary to strengthen resilience skills and reduce factors that cause academic burnout.

Resilient Parents… Resilient Communities: A Pilot Study Trialing the Bounce Back and Thrive! Resilience-Training Program With Military Families.

IntroductionThe resilience of Canadian military families (CMFs) – the main support of the Canadian Armed Forces service members (SMs) – is imperative. The Canadian Armed Forces aims to ensure that SMs and their families are resilient and SMs ready to respond when called upon for combat, peacekeeping or pandemic/disaster-response. Family concerns, however, can realistically distract SMs from the mission, potentially compromising themselves, their unit and the mission. Resilience-training programs such as Bounce Back and Thrive! (BBT) can help families manage the realities of military life.ObjectiveThis pilot study aimed to evaluate suitability of BBT implementation by Military Family Resource Centers (MFRCs), including whether BBT: (1) fosters resilience-building among parents, (2) facilitates CMF resilience-building, (3) can be contextualized for CMFs, and (4) supports MFRCs in cultivating a culture of resilience.MethodsAn exploratory qualitative design was used. BBT was offered to parents face-to-face. Participants completed focus groups after the first 6 sessions, final 4 sessions, and one-year post-intervention. Data was thematically analyzed.ResultsNine military parents participated. Four major themes resulted: (1) military parent resilience-building, (2) CMF resilience-building, (3) BBT program feedback and contextualization, and (4) MFRCs as community resilience hubs.DiscussionBBT enabled parents to gain a new perspective on resilience, engage in dialogue and intentionally role model resilience skills. Military-specific BBT contextualization and online-delivery formats would increase suitability and access for CMFs. Access to resilience programs delivered through MFRCs would support CMFs. Further research is warranted.

Working on a designated COVID-19 unit: Exploring nurse perceptions and experiences

Objective: The COVID-19 global pandemic has had a distressing effect on clinical nursing units, creating unique challenges for the nursing profession. These unprecedented challenges included constant fear of the unknown, major disruptions to daily routines, the need to adapt to the realities of new safety protocols, the need for continuous donning and doffing of PPE, and an alarming increase in patient acuity and death. Rapid increases in COVID-19 hospital admissions prompted hospital administrators to designate specific medical-surgical nursing units as covid units. As a result, nurses faced the real possibility of bringing the virus home to their loved ones and possibly contracting a deadly disease. To understand the impact of COVID-19, a study was conducted to assess nurses’ perceptions, morale, emotions, current knowledge and susceptibility to developing compassion fatigue.Methods: Content analysis was used to identify registered nurses’ perceptions and experiences while providing nursing care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, data was collected to assess participants’ emotional and physical well-being, knowledge and susceptibility to developing compassion fatigue.Results: Nurses’ qualitative responses were categorized into seven themes. Additionally, compassion fatigue knowledge and susceptibility responses were analyzed.Conclusions: Associated feedback, including narrations, provided a framework to assist nurses with accessing resources to manage stressors, combat compassion fatigue symptoms, promote resiliency, and increase communication skills.

Exploring Behavioural Activation as a treatment for low mood within CAMHS: An IPA study of adolescent experiences.

Low mood is the most commonly diagnosed mental health condition affecting adolescents; however, it remains complex to treat due to multi-systemic risk and maintaining factors. Behavioural Activation (BA) is a brief therapy which demonstrates promising treatment outcomes, although limited qualitative accounts exist of how adolescents experience this. This is one of the first studies undertaken in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) to explore the perspectives of adolescent's with low mood who have received BA therapy. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was conducted from one-to-one interviews with nine adolescents who received BA, generating an idiographic account of their experiences. Three superordinate themes emerged: how the format of BA can promote the integration of coping skills into one's life; how interpersonal connections and therapeutic relationships may improve intervention outcomes; and how BA principles could be internalised as part of a young person's day-to-day life. Participants valued the structure and flexibility of the manualised approach, forming an alliance with the therapist, and enhancing interpersonal relationships. This study details how BA can enhance resiliency skills for adolescents experiencing low mood and illustrates some of the change process at inter and intrapersonal levels, which should guide further youth-led research.

Relationship Between Family Functioning, Parents’ Psychosocial Factors, and Children’s Well-Being

The main objective of this study is to explore the impact of the psychosocial factors (social support, resilience, and mental health) on the family functioning and on the parent’s perception of their children’s well-being. Participants were 1757 parents of children aged 6 to 16 years, 77.3% female ( N = 1359), and 22.7% male ( N = 398), aged between 20 and 80 years ( M = 41.61 and SD = 5.71). A path analyses model indicated that social support and resilience, which were positively associated, presented positive effects on parental mental health and on family functioning. No effect was observed on family functioning by parental mental health after including the effects by social support and resilience. Finally, this model pointed out that better family functioning, more social support, and more resilience skills were related to better child well-being. Implications to research and to prevention and psychological intervention in relation to parental skills and family functioning are presented in order to promote children well-being and healthy development.

Considerations for the design of a perinatal mindfulness intervention for adolescents based on a systematic review of the literature

Objectives: This systematic review of the literature was conducted to determine the best way to design mindfulness interventions for perinatal adolescent mothers to support mental health during the transition to parenthood and beyond. Perinatal adolescents face unique challenges compared to adults due to their developmental stage and difficulties accessing social determinants of health. Mindfulness educational interventions may be an ideal addition to perinatal supports to foster resilience and teach skills to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression.&#x0D; Methods: A search strategy was developed to identify articles from 6 electronic databases including PsycInfo, ProQuest, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Ovid, and CINAHL. Qualitative analysis was done to identify mindfulness interventions which significantly decrease anxiety, depression or stress and to determine the components and designs of these interventions. Participants’ satisfaction with the interventions were analyzed, when available. Best practices for designing interventions for adolescents were used to recommend adaptations to the mindfulness interventions to tailor them to the perinatal adolescent population.&#x0D; Results: Of the 561 studies retrieved from the search, 16 met the inclusion criteria. All included studies found at last one significant decrease in mental health outcomes (stress 9 of 13, anxiety 9 of 9; depression 9 of 14). The majority of the interventions began in the perinatal period, were delivered face-to-face, included homework, multiple sessions and by a trained professional.&#x0D; Conclusion: Mindfulness interventions are feasible, acceptable and effective in adult perinatal populations. Components and design of these interventions could be adapted for perinatal adolescents to increase resilience to cope with unique parenthood challenges.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Professional resilience skill training (pro-rest): an evidence-based and feasible educational module

NA

Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Skills: An Integrative Model of the Skills Associated With Success During Adolescence and Across the Life Span

Social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) skills encompass a wide range of competencies related to how individuals build and maintain relationships, understand and manage emotions, pursue goals, and learn from experience. Despite near-consensus on the importance of SEB skills for success in life, there are numerous frameworks that simultaneously converge and diverge in how they define and measure SEB skills. In this article, we discuss our integrative model encompassing five broad skill domains: Self-Management, Innovation, Social Engagement, Cooperation, and Emotional Resilience Skills (Soto et al., 2021a). Our model defines SEB skills asskills(i.e., what someone is capable of doing) and nottraits(i.e., what someone tends to do). Using this definition and model as a foundation, we argue for the importance of investigating SEB skill development during adolescence, a period where SEB skills may be both particularly amenable to change and particularly predictive of life outcomes. In particular, we highlight how SEB skills allow adolescents to take advantage of the new opportunities afforded to them as they make major cognitive and social transitions.

Developing Hopeful Minds: Can Teaching Hope Improve Well-being and Protective Factors in Children?

ABSTRACT The present study examined the efficacy of Hopeful Minds, a 12 week hope based school intervention programme in a sample of 153 pre- and early- adolescent secondary school children (11–14 years) in the North West of Ireland. This study used a one-group, pretest-posttest design to determine whether participants experienced changes regarding their hope, well-being, and a range of known protective factors. Results from a Wilcoxin Signed Ranks test showed significant increases in children’s hope scores post intervention. Resilience and adaptive coping skills of stoicism and social support seeking were also significantly improved. Although pre–post intervention improvements in well-being or emotional regulation/arousal scores were observed, results were non-significant. However, further analysis examined associations between hope and a range of well-being and protective factors using linear regression. Hope was found to be significantly associated with improvements in each of the well-being scores of anxiety, depression, resilience, positive emotion, reduced negative emotion, emotional control, stoicism, social support seeking and self-care. No associations were found between hope and rumination. This study builds upon the extant evidence for the implementation of the Hopeful Minds school based intervention. Further, the study demonstrates that teaching and thereby increasing hope has a significant positive impact on child and adolescent well-being and a range of protective factors; factors known to buffer against mental ill health and suicide.

WeCARE Intervention Program: An Online Multilevel International Program for Promoting Well-Being and Resilience in the School Community during Unsettling Times

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;During the second decade of the 21st century families and schools world-wide have been affected by several critical events, with economic recession, the refugee crisis, and lately the COVID-19 pandemic being the most prominent. Pertaining to the school community (students, educators, administration, parents, school personnel etc.), evidence-based interventions for improving mental health and supporting psychosocial adjustment are necessary. In this paper the development, implementation, and evaluation of the international WeCARE (We Connect, Accept, Respect, Empower) program, an online multilevel intervention for promoting well-being and resilience in the school community during unsettling times, is presented. The Program has a multicultural perspective and provides the opportunity to students from different countries to cooperate and develop multicultural skills. The intervention is based on a conceptual model for enhancing positive development, resilience, social and emotional skills, and competence. The interventions were implemented on individual and system levels over four consecutive years, including web-based teachers’ training and supervision, seminars for parents, and classroom implementation. Furthermore, collaboration amongst schools and educational settings was highlighted, in the form of networking at national and international level. Based on the evaluation results, the necessity for further development and implementation of programs for the promotion of resilience and well-being during unsettling times is discussed.&lt;/p&gt;

A study on enhancing team resilience skills

A study on enhancing team resilience skills