Resilience Processes Research Articles

Resilience model and recovery strategy of transportation network based on travel OD-grid analysis

Transportation is the key to a city's prosperity, however, there is possibility that the development and expansion of city make the transportation system complicated, uncertain and vulnerable, especially when in the face of damage. Although resilience is a critical factor for understanding and managing the damage and recovery of the transportation system, study on model of transportation resilience, which is able to effectively utilize actual data and is based on real cases, is still not enough. Therefore, this paper proposes a resilience model and investigates the optimization of the recovery strategy according to this model. It constructs a modeling framework based on the OD-grid network and provides a brand-new performance metric for transportation network resilience analysis based on grid capacity. It also develops two resilience assessment models and compares their characters. Focusing on the recovery of transportation resilience process, it presents two recovery strategies considering recovery sequence and resource allocation respectively and uses the GA algorithm to optimize them and solve the problem. It then demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model and the recovery algorithm through the resilience analysis and recovery strategy optimization of a city's transportation network model, which is built according to the real GPS data.

Healthcare system resilience in Bangladesh\xa0and Haiti in times of global changes (climate-related events, migration and Covid-19): an interdisciplinary mixed method research protocol

BackgroundSince climate change, pandemics and population mobility are challenging healthcare systems, an empirical and integrative research to studying and help improving the health systems resilience is needed. We present an interdisciplinary and mixed-methods research protocol, ClimHB, focusing on vulnerable localities in Bangladesh and Haiti, two countries highly sensitive to global changes. We develop a protocol studying the resilience of the healthcare system at multiple levels in the context of climate change and variability, population mobility and the Covid-19 pandemic, both from an institutional and community perspective.MethodsThe conceptual framework designed is based on a combination of Levesque’s Health Access Framework and the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office’s Resilience Framework to address both outputs and the processes of resilience of healthcare systems. It uses a mixed-method sequential exploratory research design combining multi-sites and longitudinal approaches. Forty clusters spread over four sites will be studied to understand the importance of context, involving more than 40 healthcare service providers and 2000 households to be surveyed. We will collect primary data through questionnaires, in-depth and semi-structured interviews, focus groups and participatory filming. We will also use secondary data on environmental events sensitive to climate change and potential health risks, healthcare providers’ functioning and organisation. Statistical analyses will include event-history analyses, development of composite indices, multilevel modelling and spatial analyses.DiscussionThis research will generate inter-disciplinary evidence and thus, through knowledge transfer activities, contribute to research on low and middle-income countries (LMIC) health systems and global changes and will better inform decision-makers and populations.

Hidden Resources: The Messy Way to Resilience

All individuals have similar psychological needs like experiencing self-efficacy, pleasure, or attachment (Epstein, 1993; Grawe, 2006). The way to get those needs met, however, is sometimes messy, especially when vulnerability is high. While the concept of hidden resilience has been introduced two decades ago (Ungar, 2002), hidden resources or more precisely hidden affordances of resources within hidden resilience seem to be rather unexplored. Conceptualising hidden resources allows to extent and strengthen the social ecological perspective of resilience, wherein factors and processes of resilience are conceived as contextually dependent. Hidden affordances (Gaver, 1991; Gibson, 1979) of resources can be understood as the nonconventional behavioural patterns used on the path facilitating (hidden) resilience, hence, a resource is equipped with different qualities that are compatible with and relevant for the individual’s psychological needs. Vulnerable children might be securing resources, helping them to stay healthy, by being angry, even aggressive. Various studies (Kassis et al., 2018; Sroufe et al., 2010; Ungar, 2002; Ungar et al., 2013) are in line with a view, indicating that resilience processes are rarely linear or ideal, in the sense that only the pure self-beneficial or socially accepted resources are navigated to. By acknowledging messy resilience processes, we sharpen the view towards hidden resilience and hidden (affordances of) resources which allows us to take off our conventionally tinted resilience-glasses and recognize various resilient ways of life. The conclusion opens the field of vision regarding successful adaptation to adverse situations and provides added value for educational sciences and therapeutic areas.

The resilience of the Hospital of Mali to COVID-19 in a context of penuries

The objective of this research is to report the strategies of resilience mobilized by the Hospital of Mali to face Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The data collected within the hospital covered the first months of the pandemic (April to July 2020). A total of 32 semi-structured interviews and 53 observation sessions were conducted. Data analyses were based on a conceptual framework and were conducted using a deductive approach. The results show that, due to the multiple effects of the COVID-19 such as the aggravation of staff penuries, the high workloads, the need to create dedicated infrastructures, the drastic decrease in revenue due to the drop in hospital's attendance, the hospital and its staff implemented multiple strategies (e.g., reduction or postponement of some expenses, requisition of facilities, recruitment of contractual staff and redeployment of some healthcare workers). Those strategies generally allowed to maintain patients access to care, although there were many restrictions for non-COVID-19 patients. The hospital was able to build absorptive resilience. This qualitative research provides a better understanding of hospitals' resilience processes to the COVID-19 pandemic in a hospital setting. Lessons learned from this study should help hospitals managers to design more appropriate and effective responses to future health crises.

Mindful Awareness Promotes Resilience: Buffered Links Among Childhood Sexual Abuse Severity, Goal-Directed Emotion Dysregulation, and Psychopathology.

Childhood sexual abuse is linked to long-term consequences, including depression and anxiety in adulthood. Although considerable progress has been made to understand mechanisms that may account for this relation, such as emotion dysregulation, less attention has been given to protective factors that may mitigate it. One such protective factor might be mindful awareness. Those who act with awareness in daily living tend to engage in healthy emotion regulation skills when faced with stressors and experience less depression and anxiety. In the current study, we aimed to replicate the positive associations among childhood sexual abuse severity, emotion dysregulation, and psychopathology across time, and also identify a personal strength-in this case, mindful awareness-that might mitigate these effects. Participants were 491 women recruited from the community who completed self-report assessments at three time points over a 32-month period. A series of moderated mediation models revealed childhood sexual abuse severity predicted later reports of depression and anxiety symptoms through greater emotion dysregulation in the form of difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviors. As expected, mindful awareness weakened the relation between goal-directed emotion dysregulation and symptoms of depression and anxiety, such that greater levels of mindful awareness fully buffered these effects. Through a better understanding of natural resiliency processes among survivors, we can ultimately encourage continued examination of what might be effective additions to existing treatments for the mental health consequences of trauma and adversity.

Film as a pedagogical tool for geography during the pandemic induced virtual classes.

Film has always been an important medium to disseminate social issues through imageries and imaginaries. The present paper examines the importance of film in understanding contextual, geographical concept-metaphors through virtual classes that can unearth the potential of the teaching–learning process in the COVID-19 induced lockdown situation. Qualitative techniques are used here to analyze landscapes, communication and actions to reveal the importance of a film from Bollywood, the world's largest film producing hub, in the context of teaching geographical concepts via online digital-mode classes in the ongoing pandemic scenario. Besides, Bollywood film has a wider and strong subliminal effect on the human mind. In this connection, the present work shows how a teachers’ team use geographic media literacy as a pedagogical tool to enhance their students' cognition in online classes. It further shows that film acts as a geographic teaching tool for making students aware of the subjective understanding of Geography through a sub-branch wise explanation of cinematic components. It is observed that, even in the absence of classroom activity, if the lecture/study materials are interlinked with film, it would render a good understanding of the required geographical know-how. This article thus introduces a new scope for devising a better and more resilient online teaching process that promises to enrich geographical studies’ digital pedagogy.

The role of resilience processes in education and well-being outcomes for separated children in Uganda: Exploring street-connected children’s pathways through a resilience-based programme and beyond

This article explores the role resilience processes play in education and well-being outcomes for street-connected children. It draws on research and practice undertaken as part of the Building with Bamboo Programme (BwB) on resilience. BwB investigated the forms a resilience-based approach might usefully take in practice, the effect this has on promoting resilience in children, and how this resilience leads to improved outcomes in their lives. Our article draws specifically on the experiences of street-connected children who were involved in such approaches as part of programmes at S.A.L.V.E. International, Uganda between 2016 and 2018. Drawing on individual street-connected children’s resilience pathways through BwB and beyond, the article unpacks the connections between resilience processes and improved educational and well-being outcomes. It outlines how programme activities were developed and nurtured through cycles of learning and innovation to continually evolve existing strength-based programme practice with street-connected children whilst extending this work into the wider systems around children including peer networks, organisations, families and communities.

Red de autocuidado y apoyo para personas con diabetes: habilidades de adaptación y adversidades

 Objective: to understand the adversities and adaptive skills experienced by people with diabetes mellitus. Method: single-case study with qualitative approach, carried out with people with diabetes, participating in a health education group linked to a University Hospital in the south of Brazil. For data collection, between May and June 2019, the Problems Areas in Diabetes Scale was applied, with analysis according to the instrument's scoring recommendation; semi-structured interview and participant observation submitted to content analysis. The theoretical support of this study was the Theory of Resilience Applied to Socio-ecological Systems and studies related to self-care practices. Results: the single-case included five participants. The average score according to the Problems Areas in Diabetes Scale was 50.75, the individual score indicated a high emotional impact related to living with diabetes. Of the five participants, three exceeded the maximum desirable score (40 points): 81.25; 67.5; 65; 32.5 and 7.5. From the content analysis, two categories emerged: “Challenges for self-care”, with emphasis on food, pharmacological treatment and monitoring of diabetes; “Support network for coping with adversity”, with emphasis on the support of family members, friends and health professionals. Conclusion: the knowledge of adversities and adaptive skills of people with diabetes contributes to understanding the resilience process, self-care practices and best health practices.

Conceptualizing and measuring psychological resilience: What can we learn from physics?

The number of resilience conceptualizations in psychology has rapidly grown, which confuses what resilience actually means. This is problematic, because the conceptualization typically guides the measurements, analyses, and practical interventions employed. The most popular conceptualizations of psychological resilience equate it with the ability to (1) resist negative effects of stressors, (2) “bounce back” from stressors, and/or (3) grow from stressors. In this paper, we review these three conceptualizations and argue that they reflect different concepts. This is supported by important lessons from engineering physics, where such concepts are clearly differentiated with precise mathematical underpinnings. Against this background, we outline why psychological resilience should be conceptualized and measured in terms of the process of returning to the previous state following a stressor (i.e., bouncing back). By establishing a clearer language of resilience and related processes, measurements and interventions in psychological research and practice can be targeted more precisely.

Integrative Review of the Recent Literature on Human Resilience: From Concepts, Theories, and Discussions Towards a Complex Understanding.

Resilience may be viewed as the capacity of an individual, or perhaps of a dynamic system, to adjust and adapt positively to adversities and disruptions that impact one’s functioning and development. Yet a common statement in the literature is that there are still today numerous ways of defining and conceiving resilience. This multiplicity of approaches calls for clarification and generates a need of common theoretical ground. Therefore, this review aims to examine, to clarify and to synthesize how “human” resilience is conceptualized within the recent human sciences literature to help answer the question: ‘What are the key approaches, concepts, and definitions of resilience?”. Following Whittemore and Knafl (2005, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x) methods, an integrative review of the recent resilience literature (2013–2019) was undertaken. Four databases were used for the search: PsycINFO, PubMed, ERIC, Google Scholar. A reference and citation tracking was then performed on the papers identified. Sixty-nine papers passed all the stages (identification, screening, eligibility, inclusion) and formed the sample. Results show that resilience definitions are nowadays either about “adapting and bouncing back to previous levels of health” or about “thriving and rising above the adversity towards increased levels of health.” Results also show that resilience features—antecedents, mechanisms, consequences—are mainly conceptualized in a vertical sequence where an antecedent influences another or influences a mechanism leading to consequences. This paper concludes that modern conceptions can fit within a transactional and constructivist approach that goes beyond the former approaches by providing a more nuanced and realistic picture of the resilience process and by viewing it as a dynamic and person-situation-defined process.

Resilience process of a victim sexual violence in women: Transformation from victim to activist

Humans face numerous life challenges and phenomena that could cause traumatic feelings, such as violent cases. Amid these challenges, resilience was an essential psychological ability for individuals, including victims of sexual violence. Thus, this study aimed to determine the resilience process, factors that influenced and the meaning of the resilience process traversed by women victims of sexual violence. This research involved three informants who were victims of sexual violence. A qualitative method with a phenomenological approach was applied in this study. The semi-structured interviews were conducted in data collection. The data were analyzed with interpretative phenomenological analysis. Based on the analysis of transcribed interviews, three themes emerged: experienced various unpleasant emotions, coped and adapted with the situation, experienced several changes in herself and became resilient. Participants also have their meaning of the resilience process. Furthermore, the new finding is the pain victims experience, and their coping forces them to become resilient and join the organization that focuses on against sexual violence. Internal and external factors affect the resilience of victims, including empathy, social concern, and goals to be achieved. The implication of this study is to enhance the current literature on resilience and as additional knowledge to understand the resilience process and factors that influence victims of sexual violence to become resilient.

Resilience and Family Socialization Processes in Ethnic Minority Youth: Illuminating the Achievement-Health Paradox.

Youth in marginalized communities who “strive” to rise above adversity, including systemic racism and poverty, are considered “resilient.” African-American, Latinx, and Asian-American youth often achieve admirable academic success despite limited social capital and high early life stress by adopting a “striving persistent behavioral style” (SPBS). SPBS may be supported by family socialization processes that facilitate reliance on self-regulation processes. Unfortunately, a young person’s resilience in one domain (i.e., academic) can come at a cost in other domains, including physical and mental health morbidities that are under-identified and under-treated. Indeed, research suggests a link between SPBS in the face of adversity and later health morbidities among ethnic minority youth. Herein, we describe SPBS as an adaptation to minority stress that not only promotes social mobility but may also stoke physical and mental health disparities. We review how family processes related to academic, emotional, and ethnic-racial socialization can facilitate the striving persistent behavioral style. We emphasize the double bind that ethnic minority families are caught in and discuss directions for future research and clinical implications for individual and family-level interventions. While needed, we argue that individual and family-level interventions represent a near-term work around. Solutions and factors that shape the need for SPBS and its cost must be addressed structurally.

Exploring resilience processes of Filipino migrant domestic workers: A multisystemic approach.

This study identified resilience processes at the individual, family, and community levels among Filipino migrant domestic workers (MDWs). Resilience processes highlight strengths and resources that can enhance positive adaptation to problems that affect this vulnerable migrant group. Data came from focus groups and key informant interviews involving 27 MDWs and 7 key informants. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis and organized according to the socioecological model. Results revealed 7 resilience processes. Financial coping, health management, and spirituality were found across levels. Companionship and emotional support are transacted within family and community levels, whereas expanding knowledge and support occurs at individual and community levels. MDWs and their families prioritize each family member, whereas the community provides legal support. Resilience processes exist across ecological levels. However, individual resilience processes are insufficient, thus necessitating collective agency through familial and community resilience processes and building social structures that facilitate resilience.

Adaptive capacity: A qualitative study of midlife Australian women's resilience during COVID-19

This article explores adaptive capacity as a framework for understanding how South Australian women in midlife (aged 45–64) demonstrated resilience during the early phases of COVID-19. In-depth interviews were undertaken with 40 women mid-2020 as a follow-up study to interviews with the same women undertaken 2018–19 (before COVID-19 emerged). Transcripts were analysed following a critical realist approach using Grothmann and Patt's construct of adaptive capacity as a framework for analysis. This enabled authors to unpack the mechanisms of resilience that shaped women's experiences of appraising, and then showing an intention to adapt to COVID-19 adversity. Findings support the explanatory utility of adaptive capacity to understand resilience processes in the context of person-environment changes – the environment being the COVID-19 context – and women's capability to adapt to social distancing and lockdown conditions. With COVID-19 evoking health, social and economic challenges at incomparable scales, potentially fracturing mental stability, this article provides insight useful to policy makers and health professionals to support resilience as the pandemic continues.

Relationship between resilience and self-care in people with chronic conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Living with chronic condition(s) is difficult, due in part to the complexities of effective disease self-care. Self-care has been considered a challenging process according to the literature which describes multiple barriers patients with chronic conditions experience. Resilience has the potential to buffer the adversities of daily self-care and maintain physical and emotional well-being. No systematic review and meta-analysis have been conducted to synthesise and quantify the relationship between resilience and self-care across chronic conditions. (1) To examine how the definitions and measurements of self-care and resilience align with the middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness (i.e. self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, and self-care management) and 3 Rs of resilience process from the society-to-cells framework (i.e. resistance, recovery and rebound) across different chronic conditions; and (2) to examine whether and the degree to which resilience is correlated with self-care across different chronic conditions. Systematic review and meta-analysis, following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, CINAHL, SocINDEX and PsychINFO were searched for quantitative studies published from January 2000 through July 2020. Descriptive data were summarised using numerical counting to provide an overview of the study characteristics. Definitions and measurements of self-care and resilience were synthesised narratively based on self-care and resilience theories. Numerical data with Pearson's product-moment correlation among observational studies were examined using meta-analysis. This review included 20 articles, involving 9,269 individuals across 11 chronic conditions. Despite self-care and resilience being defined and operationalised in a variety of ways, most definitions shared some underlying core constructs. Meta-analysis showed a positive relationship between resilience and self-care across chronic conditions. Findings from interventional studies indicated a bidirectional relationship between resilience and self-care. Overall, resilience was positively associated with self-care in people with chronic conditions. Longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to better understand the causal relationship between resilience and self-care. Resilience has the potential to buffer the adversities of daily self-care and maintain physical and emotional well-being. The positive relationship between resilience and self-care found in this review provides preliminary evidence for clinicians to not only focus on reducing barriers and risk factors of self-care but also to improve or increase patients' resilience through various evidence-based interventions.

Resilience in sports: a multidisciplinary, dynamic, and personalized perspective

ABSTRACT Athletes are exposed to various psychological and physiological stressors, such as losing matches and high training loads. Understanding and improving the resilience of athletes is therefore crucial to prevent performance decrements and psychological or physical problems. In this review, resilience is conceptualized as a dynamic process of bouncing back to normal functioning following stressors. This process has been of wide interest in psychology, but also in the physiology and sports science literature (e.g. load and recovery). To improve our understanding of the process of resilience, we argue for a collaborative synthesis of knowledge from the domains of psychology, physiology, sports science, and data science. Accordingly, we propose a multidisciplinary, dynamic, and personalized research agenda on resilience. We explain how new technologies and data science applications are important future trends (1) to detect warning signals for resilience losses in (combinations of) psychological and physiological changes, and (2) to provide athletes and their coaches with personalized feedback about athletes’ resilience.

Root and Rhizosphere Processes under Drought: Digging Deeper to Enhance Ecosystem Resilience

Root and Rhizosphere Processes under Drought: Digging Deeper to Enhance Ecosystem Resilience

Centrality of Self-Criticism in Depression and Anxiety Experienced by Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

Introduction Depression and anxiety are prevalent in women suffering from breast cancer. However, the determinants of depression and anxiety in this population are not well known, particularly in the context of psychotherapy. Drawing from Blatt’s theory, we examined the role of Depressive Personality Vulnerability (DPV) in depression and anxiety experienced in female sufferers of breast cancer treated for depression as part of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Methods Seventy-eight patients were treated by Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and 79 patients by Treatment as Usual. Assessments were conducted pre-treatment, at termination, and at six-month follow-up. Main outcomes were the depression and anxiety subscales of the Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale. Predictors were pre-treatment dependency, self-criticism, and self-efficacy, assessed via the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire. Analyses targeted associations of these dimensions with baseline levels, main effects on pretreatment-termination and pretreatment-follow-up changes in depression and anxiety, and DPV by treatment interactions. Results Consistent with our hypotheses, self-criticism – implicated in previous research as a serious dimension of vulnerability to psychopathology – predicted elevated levels, as well as pretreatment-follow-up changes, in both depression and anxiety. However, self-criticism also augmented the effect of STPP (compared with TAU) on depression in the pretreatment-termination period. Conclusions These findings highlight the centrality of self-criticism for both risk and resilience processes in breast cancer.

Effects of a coach-guided videoconferencing acceptance and commitment therapy intervention combined with psychoeducation on distressed individuals living with spinal cord injury: a preliminary mixed-methods study

Purpose This study examined effects of coach-guided videoconferencing acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) accompanied by psychoeducation on distressed individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and explored participants’ experiences in the intervention. Materials and methods Ten people with SCI participated in 8 individual videoconferencing sessions delivered by trained coaches. Data using self-reported questionnaires and individual interviews was collected at pretest and posttest and analyzing using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and interpretative phenomenological analysis (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04670406). Results Statistically significant improvements were found in depression, anxiety, stress, grief, engagement in meaningful activities, and self-compassion with medium to large effect sizes. There was no significant change in quality of life, resilience, and ACT processes. Participants gained a new way of thinking by: being aware of thoughts and emotions; exploring perceptions of others; and focusing on the present. Also, the intervention equipped participants to deal with challenges by: improving coping with SCI-related conditions; practicing self-compassion, acceptance, and meditation; and acquiring skills of value-based decision making and committed action. Conclusions Findings contribute to the limited evidence as the first study that measured effects of videoconferencing ACT on people with SCI. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to measure efficacy of internet-delivered ACT for people with SCI. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Guided videoconferencing ACT may reduce depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress, and grief and increase engagement in meaningful activities and self-compassion in people with SCI. Professionals may consider ACT as a supportive or adjunct service for people with SCI who experience psychological distress.

Toward data-driven, dynamical complex systems approaches to disaster resilience

With rapid urbanization and increasing climate risks, enhancing the resilience of urban systems has never been more important. Despite the availability of massive datasets of human behavior (e.g., mobile phone data, satellite imagery), studies on disaster resilience have been limited to using static measures as proxies for resilience. However, static metrics have significant drawbacks such as their inability to capture the effects of compounding and accumulating disaster shocks; dynamic interdependencies of social, economic, and infrastructure systems; and critical transitions and regime shifts, which are essential components of the complex disaster resilience process. In this article, we argue that the disaster resilience literature needs to take the opportunities of big data and move toward a different research direction, which is to develop data-driven, dynamical complex systems models of disaster resilience. Data-driven complex systems modeling approaches could overcome the drawbacks of static measures and allow us to quantitatively model the dynamic recovery trajectories and intrinsic resilience characteristics of communities in a generic manner by leveraging large-scale and granular observations. This approach brings a paradigm shift in modeling the disaster resilience process and its linkage with the recovery process, paving the way to answering important questions for policy applications via counterfactual analysis and simulations.