Resilience In Face Research Articles

Measuring the Spatial-Temporal Heterogeneity of Helplessness Sentiment and Its Built Environment Determinants during the COVID-19 Quarantines: A Case Study in Shanghai

The COVID-19 outbreak followed by the strict citywide lockdown in Shanghai has sparked negative emotion surges on social media platforms in 2022. This research aims to investigate the spatial–temporal heterogeneity of a unique emotion (helplessness) and its built environment determinants. First, we scraped about twenty thousand Weibo posts and utilized their sentiments with natural language processing (NLP) to extract helplessness emotion and investigated its spatial–temporal variations. Second, we tested whether “helplessness” was related with urban environment attributes when other real estate economic and demographic variables were controlled using the ordinary least squares (OLS) model. Our results confirmed that helplessness emotion peaked in early April when the lockdown started. Second, residents in neighborhoods characterized by higher rents and property management fees, higher population density, lower housing prices, lower plot ratios, or surrounded by less tree view and higher perceived visual complexity, are found to exhibit higher degree of “helplessness”. This study provides an effective data-driven framework to utilize social media data for public sentiments monitoring. The helplessness emotion identified is a unique mental distress under strict quarantine measures, which expands the growing literature of urban governance in the post-pandemic era. Decision makers should pay attention to public opinions and design tailored management measures with reference to civic emotion dynamics to facilitate social sustainability and resilience in face of future crises.

Food banks show resilience in face of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented spikes in food insecurity. In California, food banks, which were already facing high demand for emergency food assistance, rallied federal, state and local resources to help meet the challenges of the pandemic. Our study draws on interviews with food banks and their partners approximately one year into the pandemic to learn how they responded to enormous challenges in staffing, procurement, distribution and infrastructure. These interviews captured lessons for resilience planning and food security policy that might otherwise have been lost. We found an encouraging story of resilience, and a story of how government agencies and community networks can work together to create and strengthen food security policies, even under the most dire circumstances.

Foregrounding Amazonian women through decolonial and process-relational perspectives for transdisciplinary transformation

ABSTRACT The vulnerability of the Amazon has widely increased with the COVID-19 global pandemic and with the dismantlement of environmental protection policies in Brazil during the Bolsonaro administration. By contrast, local initiatives focusing on sustainable production, conservation, enhancing local people’s quality of life, and supporting a more inclusive economy have emerged throughout the region and are building resilience in face of these disruptions. They represent seeds for transformation towards more sustainable trajectories from the ground up. In this context, women play a significant role, but their actions and voices are poorly understood, studied, or even considered. In this article, we use a novel approach to engage and highlight women’s experiences by connecting decolonial and process-relational perspectives. Decolonial and process-relational thinking are closely linked in many ways, including in that they embrace difference as a mode of experiencing social-ecological relations. One particular aspect of this link is the shared focus on liminal thinking or thinking from the borders, what we call ‘betweenness’. In our decolonial praxis, we highlight women’s perspectives on their particular and diverse ways of life in the Amazon as they confront diverse pressures. To this end, we collaborated with 39 women from Santarém and neighboring towns in western Pará through participant observation, semi-structured interviews and facilitated dialogues. We discuss their perspectives on regional transformation, particularly the expansion of large-scale agribusiness around rural communities, and their understanding and responses to these changes. We reflect on the mutual learning experience resulting from the transdisciplinary engagement between researchers and collaborators.

An integrated resilience assessment model of urban transportation network: A case study of 40 cities in China

The transportation network is essential in providing daily accessibility and essential service to societies. An acceptable level of service needs to be maintained in critical infrastructures, even in the case of disruptions. We develop an integrated model to assess the resilience of urban transportation networks when exposed to different disruptions. Resilience is evaluated from perspectives of both traffic network topology and traffic flow. This model contains three parts: (1) a traffic flow simulation model to get flow distributed throughout the whole network, (2) different real-world disruptions are abstracted as random, localized, and flood disturbances, (3) functional and topological resilience are accessed by analyzing variations in travel time and connected components before and after a disruption occurs. 40 major cities are chosen to conduct resilience assessments. As the intensity of the disruption increases, common trends in the changes of functional and topological resilience values are observed and analyzed across all studied cities. In most cases, flood disruption is the least disruptive one of all three types of disruptions. Regression models are developed to estimate functional and topological resilience after random, localized, and flood disturbances. Possible resilience enhancement strategies are discussed based on analyses of regression models. This study could aid stakeholders in gaining a clear understanding of resilience not only topologically but also from the perspective of traffic flow and offer them practical strategies to enhance resilience in face of disruptions.

Commodity cycle management in Latin America: The importance of resilience in face of vulnerability

This paper investigates the impact of the commodity price bust on economic activity across Latin American countries. The investigation proposes that the impact of price falls in primary products depends on factors that increase economic vulnerability to the shock, alongside institutional resilience. A key source of vulnerability is the way in which resource earnings are channeled into the country; entrance through public sector accounts results in broader based exposure to commodity price shocks. On the other hand, we find that while countries may be vulnerable to external trade shocks, institutional and structural characteristics can bolster their resilience. Such characteristics include improving society's trust in government effectiveness, the adequacy of business regulations, financial market institutional quality, and property right protection. Higher levels of educational obtainment also bolster resilience. High vulnerability and low resilience in face of economic trade shocks result in large increases in informal sector employment rather than unemployment. The informality response is considered the best measure of the state of the economy in the largely informalized economies of Central and South America.

Career choice of tourism students in a triple-whammy crisis.

Hong Kong hospitality and tourism industry has been battered by the triple whammy of social unrest, Sino-US trade war and COVID-19 pandemic in recent years. To understand how vulnerable tourism students may be in terms of career shock when facing the three major challenges, 407 tourism students in Hong Kong were surveyed. Structural equation modelling found a positive correlation between affect (an intrinsic, motivating factor) and extraneous events (an extrinsic, demotivating factor), indicating that motivation and demotivating factors may co-exist. Affect was more positively correlated with three career choice outcomes (intent to join the industry, desire for a lifelong career, and resilience in face of unfavourable circumstances) than was Extraneous. In face of career shock arising from extraneous events, tourism students still tend to have a strong intent to join the workforce, take it as a lifelong career, and remain resilient despite the hardship. However, the career shock was a greater concern for those in hotel-related disciplines and for students aged over 20 than younger ones. The findings offer an empirical basis to guide policy makers, academia and the industry in strategy formulation to ensure sustainable quality and manpower supply in the post-crisis future.

Role of flexibility, agility and responsiveness for sustainable supply chain resilience during COVID-19

Supply chains are gradually transforming into more global structures. To ensure sustainability and resilience in face of the problems that arise in globalizing supply chains, it is becoming an important issue today; a supply chain must be flexible, agile and responsive. Therefore, the aim of the study is to focus on resilience in sustainable global supply chains (GSC) to avoid disruptions caused by pandemics such as COVID-19; it is also conducted research on responsiveness of sustainable global supply chains during COVID-19. In this study, dynamic capability perspective and contingency theory are used to conceptualize theoretical models for COVID-19. Moreover, a partial least squares (PLS) model is used to analyse the research hypotheses with 200 responses collected from companies which have complex supply chain structures. As a novel result, the relationship between flexibility, agility and responsiveness of global supply chain is revealed. Supply chain agility is found to be directly affected by supply chain flexibility. Moreover, supply chain flexibility and supply chain agility directly affect the responsiveness of the global supply chain. In addition, the agility of the supply chain acts as a partial mediator variable in the effect of supply chain flexibility on responsiveness.

Revisiting asynchronous fault tolerant computation with optimal resilience

The celebrated result of Fischer, Lynch and Paterson is the fundamental lower bound for asynchronous fault tolerant computation: any 1-crash resilient asynchronous agreement protocol must have some (possibly measure zero) probability of not terminating. In 1994, Ben-Or, Kelmer and Rabin published a proof-sketch of a lesser known lower bound for asynchronous fault tolerant computation with optimal resilience in face of a Byzantine adversary: if $$n\le 4t$$ then any t-resilient asynchronous verifiable secret sharing protocol must have some non-zero probability of not terminating. Our main contribution is to revisit this lower bound and provide a rigorous and more general proof. Our second contribution is to show how to avoid this lower bound. We provide a protocol with optimal resilience that is almost surely terminating for a strong common coin functionality. Using this new primitive we provide an almost surely terminating protocol with optimal resilience for asynchronous Byzantine agreement that has a new fair validity property. To the best of our knowledge this is the first asynchronous Byzantine agreement with fair validity in the information theoretic setting.

Commodity Cycle Management in Latin America: The Importance of Resilience in Face of Vulnerability

Commodity Cycle Management in Latin America: The Importance of Resilience in Face of Vulnerability

Commodity Cycle Management in Latin America: The Importance of Resilience in Face of Vulnerability

Commodity Cycle Management in Latin America: The Importance of Resilience in Face of Vulnerability

Leader crisis communication and salesperson resilience in face of the COVID-19: The roles of positive stress mindset, core beliefs challenge, and family strain

The resilience of B2B sales forces is crucial in face of severe wide-ranging challenges during a crisis. This study aims to investigate the role of leader communication of the crisis in promoting salesperson resilience during the COVID-19. The data were gathered from 418 salespersons from 36 manufacturing firms in times of the COVID-19. The data were analyzed using multilevel structural equation modeling. The results demonstrated the positive relationship between leader crisis communication and salesperson resilience, mediated by salespersons' positive stress mindset. Family strain and core beliefs challenge were found to attenuate the positive linkage between leader crisis communication and salespersons' positive stress mindset. Theoretical and practical implications are presented. This study offers insights to help managers in B2B organizations better understand and implement mechanisms that can foster resilience among their B2B sales forces in the COVID-19 outbreak and other crises.

Erfassung von Merkmalen kindlicher Bindung in familienrechtlichen Verfahren: Methodische Überlegungen

Child attachment characteristics are important for family court decisions. This article provides a description of relevant attachment characteristics and their assessment criteria (presence of attachment, differences in attachment quality, attachment disturbances). In addition, potential problems and pitfalls of attachment assessments in psychological court expert reports are addressed, including the topics of deficits in knowledge of basic attachment concepts and behavioural criteria, poor internal validity of easy accessible diagnostic attachment or relationship tools, and the limits of transferring valid and sound attachment research methods to the psychological assessments in expert court reports. We recommend an eclectic approach informed by attachment theory, of aggregating and integrate several attachment indicators, including characteristics of attachment figures and different levels of attachment assessment (behaviour and representation). Finally, discuss the use of attachment characteristics for giving a professional opinion on the impact of child rearing experiences, a child’s resilience in face of current adversities, and for predicting potential developmental trajectories. Implications for education and training of experts are mentioned.

8.O. Workshop: Developmental assets and resilience in gender minority youth: Towards a balanced research agenda

Abstract Since the late 1990s, health inequalities among sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth have been increasingly recognised and investigated. However, most studies have been conducted in North America, while the research landscape in Europe is bleak. Gender minority (e.g. transgender, non-binary, genderqueer and genderfluid) youth receive even less attention than their sexual minority peers (e.g. those identifying as lesbian, gay and bisexual). A growing number of researchers recognise that the studies so far have concentrated on the disproportionate burden SGM youth face across various health outcomes. This maintains a discourse depicting SGM young people as ‘victims' and ‘at risk'. This individualistic approach is problematic because it often fails to consider macro-level determinants of these health inequalities, including societal attitudes towards SGM individuals; processes of structural stigma; lack of visibility and positive role models; and erasure of SGM identities. There is evidence that many SGM youth live happy and balanced lives and have developed resilience in face of adversities. There are developmental assets and positive features associated with being an SGM young person, for instance ‘coming out growth' and a sense of authenticity; support from family and peers; sense of belonging and connectedness to LGBTI+ communities; and civic engagement and community work. We argue that future research should consider these and other developmental assets and positive factors and embrace them in their design. This does not mean that risk factors or existing health inequalities and their determinants (e.g. structural stigma and minority stress) should be downplayed or minimised. A balanced approach is needed, which strives to also understand the empowering factors that contribute to SGM youth resilience, and developmental ‘assets' which help them to grow and flourish. This workshop will present work of key researchers in the area of gender minority youth research in Europe and North America, including findings from evidence synthesis, methodological developments and concrete evidence on developmental assets. The first presentation by Elena Vaughan et al. will showcase a two-phased landscape and knowledge gap study which synthesises European research with SGM youth. Concepcion Moreno-Maldonado et al. will present evidence on how community engagement among gender minority youth in Spain is associated with health-related quality of life. Ashley Taylor et al. will introduce findings from the Canadian Trans Youth Health Survey on the importance of having positive role models for gender minority young people. In the final presentation, Elizabeth M. Saewyc will showcase how gender minority youth were identified in the British Columbia Adolescent Health Survey. Following the presentations, we look forward to discussing the findings and future perspectives on health research with gender minority youth with attendees. Key messages Research on gender minority youth has largely concentrated on risk factors and maintained a ‘victim’ discourse, while developmental assets and sources of resilience receive less attention. Researchers from Europe and North America present evidence on the positive aspects of gender minority young people’s lives and argue for a more balanced perspective for future studies.

Social resilience and welfare systems under COVID-19: A European comparative perspective

COVID-19 and the corresponding economic lockdown and income loss for large segments of population was something unexpected for all European countries, and their welfare systems were not prepared to protect their citizens from such threats. Social resilience is becoming used in disaster risk analysis, and preferred to that of vulnerability, to refer the ability of the social entities to respond to such challenges, enabling them to cope and adjust to adverse events. It has been more recently used in the context of the European Union (EU) about COVID-19, regarding the creation of the Recovery and Resilience Facility, intended to mitigate the economic and social impact of the coronavirus pandemic. The global nature of this pandemic makes possible and relevant a deeper understanding of social resilience at different levels of analysis: international, national, local and individual/household levels. This article aims to contribute to this by proposing a set of indicators of social resilience in face of COVID-19, supported in a theoretical framework developed herein, and comparing the performance of a selection of EU countries with distinct welfare system configurations, with different roles played by the government, the market, the social organizations and the families. Using comparable statistical data at macro level and data concerning the responses of government to the economic and social effects of the pandemic, we produce a synthetic index of social resilience, combining resilience on coping and resilience on adapting. We relate the differences found in coping and adapting with the welfare system configurations of these countries.

Optimal Sense-Making and Resilience in Times of Pandemic: Integrating Rationality and Meaning in Psychotherapy.

The global COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a wide variety of psychological crises worldwide. In order to respond rapidly and efficiently to the complex challenges, mental health professionals are required to adopt a multidimensional and integrative view. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) founded by Albert Ellis promotes rationality and self-acceptance. Logotherapy, pioneered by Viktor Frankl potentiates meaning and resilience. Both approaches are complementary and mutually enriching. The goal of this paper is to propose an integrative model of “optimal sense-making,” a concept that combines both rationality and meaning, as well as the role of self-transcendence and healthy negative emotions. The model offers a theoretical and clinical foundation for efficient and effective psychological intervention plans for those affected by the pandemic. Along with theoretical background, illustrating case studies are presented to support potential application of the integrative model to affected individuals as well as the work of first-line health professionals during these times of pandemic. Implications are considered for utilizing theoretical and applied insights from the model to cultivate resilience in face of adversity and suffering.

Economic Resiliency to Macro-Economic Shocks of Two SIDS: United States Virgin Islands and Aruba, Having Similar Economies and Dissimilar Economic Policies.

The economic vulnerability of small-island developing states (SIDS) to macroeconomic shocks has long been recognized. One significant factor is the perception that their economic health is dominated by external factors over which their local governments have no control. The SIDS government economic policies are inconsequential, according to this perception, in the face of macroeconomic shocks, as these regional economies will drown in the macroeconomic tsunami. This study compares the economic impact on the United States Virgin Islands (USVI) and Aruba, two SIDS whose small-business, entrepreneurially-focused economies that are largely dependent on tourism, to two identical macroeconomic shocks. The United States Virgin Islands (USVI) and Aruba are island states with many similarities, including similar economies, but differ from one another on their approach to economic growth, development, or industrialization. This study shows that the two states demonstrated significantly different levels of economic resiliency in face of nearly identical macroeconomic shocks, inferring that regional economic policies, counter to the common perception, can indeed positively impact SIDS economic outcomes.

The Impact of Pandemic Crisis on the Restaurant Business

The COVID-19 pandemic is responsible for a health crisis and, at the same time, for a sharp drop in activities of economic sustainability, particularly in tourism management, and has consequences in most countries that are still difficult to measure. The objective of this research is to identify restaurant entrepreneurs’ perceptions about the future, government measures, strategies they will apply, and lessons learned for the future after the mandatory lockdown of restaurants and hospitality establishments related to pandemics. The framework was developed through content analysis with line-by-line coding applied to questionnaires collected online from Portuguese restaurant entrepreneurs. The results reveal the existence of common concerns to all entrepreneurs in the restaurant business for the post-pandemic period, about the measures that the governments should implement, and about the strategies and lessons learned for the future. Resilience in face of the future, fear of a lack of appropriate government measures, strategies designed for markets with greater immediate availability, and the creation of working capital are visible concerns in the restaurant business.

Water conservancy projects enhanced local resilience to floods and droughts over the past 300 years at the Erhai Lake basin, Southwest China

As a typical mountain area at the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in Southwest China, the Erhai Lake Basin has uneven precipitation (frequent droughts and floods), affected by the Southwest Monsoon in Asia and significant vertical zonal differences determined by local topography. Though with such harsh physical environment, this area sustained development in ancient times and has been considered a typical resilience case in many studies. With extensive investigation of various historical archives, this paper explores the situation and changes of water management in the Erhai Basin during the past 300 years, and aims to identify local factors in maintaining resilience to water stresses. Findings indicate that various strong and smart social regulations (governance, institutions, plans, management, motivations, orders, donations, dedication, etc.) enabled a wise development of many water conservancy projects that set up an effective irrigation system at the flat basin center. Lots of stream dams, sluice gates and terraced croplands jointly further enabled water storage, drainage and irrigation at the surrounding hillside areas. Additionally, by adopting drought-resistant and cold-resistant crops, agriculture production kept increasing and successfully fed the growing population. The complex but systematically developed river canal system, with its dams, reservoirs, and sluice gates, as well as adaptive cropping strategies, together maintained and enhanced the resilience of local communities to hydrological hazards. Over the 300 years of the study period, the changing water environment and the developing water conservancy projects showed a resilience loop, which offers a simple but valuable perspective on building human-water resilience in face of current and future water crises in this region and beyond.

Examining Potential Environmental Consequences of Climate Change and Other Driving Forces on the Sustainability of Spanish Olive Groves under a Socio-Ecological Approach

Olive groves form characteristic Mediterranean socio-ecological landscapes, occupying more than 5 M ha; 2.5 M ha in Spain. In recent decades, traditional extensive management of olive groves has shifted to an intensive regime, with some cases of abandonment. These situations triggered negative environmental and economic externalities that led farmers to adopt increasingly multifunctional management models. From a transdisciplinary perspective, the current state of Spanish olive groves was analyzed, assessing their vulnerability to climate change as one of the main threats to their sustainability. Based on our findings and assuming that by 2050, in the Mediterranean, there will be an increase in temperature of 0.8–2.3 °C and a decrease in rainfall of up to 200 mm per year, a displacement of the distribution area of olive groves is expected towards zones of lower temperature and higher moisture. The predicted climatic conditions would increase evapotranspiration of vegetation and atmospheric CO2 emissions. Moreover, climate change will reduce the chill accumulation in olive groves, altering its flowering, fructification and crop yields. Thus, it is necessary to adopt management models that promote olive grove resilience in face of climate change, ensuring their socio-ecological sustainability.

Self-directed experiential learning to meet ever-changing entrepreneurship demands

PurposePolicy makers have called for more entrepreneurship throughout societies as a response to the digital transformation. This paper argues that the rapidly changing conditions of the digital age indeed mark a change in the bases of entrepreneurship. Specifically, as adaptivity becomes key, a learning capacity and general ability to adapt becomes a critical factor in entrepreneurial activity. The paper identifies self-directed learning (SDL) as a fundamental competence in this regard and examines its role for entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial competence.Design/methodology/approachThe paper develops a theoretical framework for the role of SDL in entrepreneurship through a process of systematic review of previous studies that have linked SDL to entrepreneurship.FindingsThe formulated theoretical framework shows how SDL competence combines with experiential learning in supporting the kind of adaptivity needed for entrepreneurial competence, especially under more rapidly changing conditions. SDL competence also gains wider importance through enabling individuals to meet the demands of organizational changes in our highly volatile world.Practical implicationsSDL competence prepares individuals for entrepreneurship and resilience in face of rapid changes as well as for being more entrepreneurial in the conduct of their lives more generally. Fostering SDL competence can thus be regarded as an important objective of entrepreneurship education.Originality/valueThe described self-directed experiential learning cycle offers a novel perspective that clarifies how both self-directed and experiential learning competences are integral for understanding the basis of adaptiveness in entrepreneurial activity.