Resilience Capacity Research Articles

학업적 자기효능감과 대학생활적응 간의 관계에서 회복탄력성과 사회적지지의 조절된 매개효과

Objectives This study aimed to analyze the moderated mediating effect of resilience and social support in the re-lationship between academic self-efficacy and college adjustment among university students. Methods The study was conducted with a sample of 200 university students in the metropolitan area of South Korea. The research period was from November 1, 2023, to November 15, 2023. The research subjects were sur-veyed using measurement tools for academic self-efficacy, college adaptation, resilience, and social support. The data was then analyzed for moderated mediation effects using the SPSS MACRO Model 5. Results The research analysis revealed that academic self-efficacy had an impact on resilience. Furthermore, academic self-efficacy, resilience, and social support were found to influence college adjustment. The results also indicated that resilience mediated the relationship between academic self-efficacy and college adjustment, while social support had a moderating effect on the relationship between academic self-efficacy and college adjustment. Conclusions Therefore, it is crucial to foster academic self-efficacy among university students and enhance their resilience capacity and social support to adapt to college life effectively. The findings of this study can serve as foundational data for the development of programs targeting academic self-efficacy and resilience for university students. Additionally, it highlights the need for educational and programmatic interventions to improve social support and create a supportive environment for university students.

Climate Resilience, Vulnerability, Differential Impacts and Adaptive Capacity in Nigeria

This research investigates and promotes climate resilience in Nigeria’s vulnerable communities, which are disproportionately affected by climate change. How climate change worsens existing problems such as food insecurity, poverty, and conflict in Nigeria serve as the rationale to this study. Hence, defining climate resilience, reviewing relevant literature, and conducting a case study to generate evidence-based recommendations give insight into the objectives of this study. Therefore, reviewed literature shows the diverse impacts of climate change on disadvantaged groups, such as small-scale farmers and urban coastal dwellers. Vulnerability assessments highlight the need for adaptive capacity, integrating local knowledge in solutions. Case studies illustrate vulnerabilities in poor urban coastal areas, rural regions, and the Niger Delta. Differential impacts are examined, such as the gendered effects of climate change on women and the challenges faced by indigenous communities and urban slums. Adaptive capacity is discussed, stressing social capital, collective action, and the interrelation of adaptation, adaptive capacity, and vulnerability. Adaptive capacity assessment in Nigeria indicates difficulties in rural farming households and urban coastal communities, requiring enhanced capacities. Indigenous knowledge plays a vital role in adaptive measures, fostering resilience. Resilience enhancement strategies emphasize social justice, inclusive governance, and community-based adaptation, acknowledging the significance of local empowerment and participation. Technology and innovation provide possibilities but need context-specific methods. These strategies can help build climate resilience in Nigeria’s vulnerable communities, offering a basis for policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders to tackle the complex challenges of climate change.

The feasibility of a psychological first aid intervention as a supportive tactic for feelings of psychological distress and mental health recovery outcomes among earthquake survivors in Northern Syria.

This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of implementing a psychological first aid intervention for psychological distress, resilience capacity, quality and meaning of life among survivors affected by earthquake adversity in Northern Syria. A quasi-experimental, pre-posttest, two-group research design was utilized. A convenience sample of 95 survivors (46 in the study group and 49 in the control group) was recruited for the psychological First Aid intervention at a 1:1 ratio. The psychological first aid intervention was delivered in 10 sessions, twice weekly, followed by 3-month follow-up. A statistically significant improvement in the mean scores of resilience capacity, quality and meaning of life among survivors, along with a significant reduction in psychological distress, was registered among the study group compared with the control group. Our work verified the suitability of implementing psychological first aid following the catastrophic temblors which struck Northern Syria. Given that the psychological first aid intervention is grounded in psychological safety, cognitive reframing, mobilization of social support and installation of hope, the feasibility of its path following public health emergency, traumatic events or even a personal crisis can be favourable.

Targeting farmers’ heterogeneity to enrich climate change adaptation policy design: findings from northern Italy

With its scientifically proven effects and widespread acceptance, climate change stands as one of the most pressing and intricate challenges for society and economies. Farmers are on the frontline of managing climate change. Therefore, how they perceive and respond to climate change shapes their risk assessment and structures future resilience and adaptive capacity. Employing a bottom-up approach, we conducted 460 surveys randomly among farmers throughout the Lombardy region in northern Italy. A triple-loop approach considering climate change awareness, perceived impacts, and adaptation measures and barriers was implemented to characterize the potential heterogeneity of farmer behaviour and explore whether risk attitudes and adaptation actions differ between farmer profiles. We then profiled farmers through a clustering analysis. Four groups emerged, highlighting farmers’ adaptation preferences and risk attitudes: (1) cropping-adapted and isolated farmers, (2) cooperation-adapted and insecure farmers, (3) risk insurance-adapted and confident farmers, and (4) climate services-adapted and aware farmers. Although the groups vary in terms of farmers’ characterization and farming activities (e.g. young and highly educated vs. old and highly experienced farmers, rainfed vs. irrigated farms), similar patterns were observed regarding climate change awareness and perceived impacts—however, the contrast increased in terms of adaptation measures and barriers. Gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the diverse ways in which farmers assess risks and adapt can promote the transferability of bottom-up findings and inform the co-design of tailored and flexible adaptation instruments, minimizing the risk of maladaptation or ineffective transformation in the face of climate change.

An Integrated Infrastructure Resilience Approach, from the Geotechnical Asset to the Transport Network

The main objective of this work is to present a comprehensive and integrated methodology to enhance the resilience of transportation critical infrastructure (TCI), focusing on the interplay between geotechnical assets and the transport network. Societies are greatly dependent on transport infrastructure systems, and as the mobility of passengers and the transport of freight is continuously growing, a disruption due to natural or man-made hazards creates significant impacts and dysfunctionalities on their operation and necessitates response measures to minimize vulnerability and ensure continuous functionality and robustness through resilience. Therefore, resilience quantification allows the design of ad hoc operation action plans before, during, and after a disruption, considering the dynamics of societal, ecological, and technological (SET) environments. The current work focuses on resilience quantification methodologies for TCIs and on the influence of single geotechnical asset (i.e., slope failure) resilience capacity on the overall system (i.e., national road network) resilience. Two case studies of unexpected transport network disruptions that took place in Greece are presented, and resilience metrics and performance indicators are applied to quantify the influence of the recovery stage.

Upside down: Resilience and recolonization of overturned stromatolite from the Maastrichtian-Danian Yacoraite formation (northwestern Argentina)

Stromatolites are organo-sedimentary structures, internally laminated, which grow attached to the substrate. This lamination mirrors the dynamic interaction of environmental and biological factors where its formation takes place. However, some stromatolites from the Yacoraite Formation, from Amblayo locality, in northwestern Argentina, present an unconventional internal structure characterized by bilateral symmetry, where the development of lamination extends towards both sides of an imaginary plane.This contribution reports a multi-scale analysis of these particular stromatolites, with the aim of determining the extent to which environmental factors have influenced their internal structure. In addition to this, a sequence of stages that gave rise to these organo-sedimentary structures will be proposed.Results suggest a microbialitic growth by in-situ biologically induced, carbonate precipitation, which was carried out in a shallow intertidal environment with good luminosity and significant sedimentary input. However, the stromatolitic growth occurred over two stages, interrupted by a stochastic event that generated a overturning of the structure, providing a new colonizing surface for growth of microorganisms and resulting in a bilateral internal structure.The characterization of these stages, including the overturning of the structure, not only provides a highly accurate proxy for reconstructing punctual environmental conditions of the Yacoraite Formation, but also opens up a field of discussion focused on the resilience and recolonization capacity of stromatolite-producing microorganisms after stochastic events.

How resilience capacity and multiple shocks affect rural households’ subjective well-being: A comparative study of the Yangtze and Yellow River Basins in China

Enhancing resilience capacity and well-being of rural households are of great significance for achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 1.5, which seeks to establish resilience by mitigating exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events, as well as other economic, social, and environmental shocks. Despite the growing literature on resilience capacity and subjective well-being, there is a lack of studies that examine how the resilience capacity and multiple shocks affect subjective well-being of rural households in river basins from a comparative perspective. This study developed a conceptual framework linking multiple shocks and resilience capacity to household subjective well-being and quantified their relationship empirically in two of the largest river basins in China and worldwide, i.e., the Yangtze and Yellow River Basins. Specifically, the adverse impact of external (natural disasters, and agroforestry pests and diseases) and internal (family illness) shocks and the positive role of three resilience pillars (absorption, adaptation, and transformation) and the overall resilience are examined. The results show that (1) There is a higher subjective well-being among rural households in the Yangtze River Basin than in the Yellow River Basin (69.46 vs. 67.93). (2) Rural households in the Yellow River Basin exhibit greater exposure to all three shock types, but the adverse effect of agroforestry pests and diseases on subjective well-being is more pronounced in the Yangtze River Basin (β=−1.592, P<0.05) than the Yellow River Basin (β=−1.196, P>0.10). (3) Households in the Yellow River Basin have a marginally higher resilience capacity than those in the Yangtze River Basin, with scores of 21.67 and 21.34, respectively. Both absorptive and transformative capacities positively influence subjective well-being. In the Yellow River Basin, absorptive capacity plays a more crucial role (β=0.504, P<0.05), while in the Yangtze River Basin, transformative capacity is more influential (β=0.742, P<0.01). (4) Participation in Payment for Ecosystem Services programs has a significant positive impact on subjective well-being of rural households in the Yangtze River Basin (β=1.478, P<0.10). The findings have crucial practical values for enhancing resilience and subjective well-being of rural households in river basins and other vulnerable areas worldwide.

Data-driven approach for port resilience evaluation

As pivotal nodes in international trade, ports have faced unprecedented challenges, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. From the perspective of port congestion, this study investigates port resilience based on a quantitative approach. Port resilience is specifically evaluated using five novel metrics derived from resilience capacities and port congestion indexes, employing data-driven approaches, which are then applied to analyze nine global ports across six regions. The findings of the study indicate that: 1) The ports of Southampton and Shanghai display better resilience levels, whereas New York/New Jersey and Los Angeles/Long Beach show poorer resilience performance during the research period. 2) Ports in West Coast North America demonstrate relatively low resilience levels, while those in South East Asia showcase superior resilience. 3) The changing dynamics and evolution of port resilience rankings across different years underscore the multifaceted nature of port resilience and its capacity to adapt to external factors such as global events. Our study emphasizes the importance of quantifying port resilience, with a specific focus on port congestion. It provides valuable insights that have significant implications for port management and disaster preparedness within the maritime industry.

Study on seismic performance of steel fiber reinforced concrete shear walls with hybrid steel strands and HRB400 bars in the boundary elements

The paper proposed a type of reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls both replacing steel bars in boundary elements with steel strands and adding steel fibers. Four specimens, including one RC specimen, one steel strands RC (SRC) specimen, and two SSFRC specimens referred to SRC specimens using SFRC, were designed and tested to investigate the influences of steel strands in the boundary elements and steel fiber volume ratios (SFVRs) on the seismic performance of proposed shear walls. The results showed adding steel fibers could significantly reduce the damage level of shear walls. Both reinforcing steel strands in the boundary elements and using SFRC could efficiently enhance the bearing capacity and resilient capacity of shear walls, and increased with the increasing SFVRs. Compared with RC shear wall, the peak loads of the SSFRC shear walls with 0%, 0.75% and 1.50% SFVRs increased by 15.8%, 27.7% and 34.5%, and the residual displacement of them decreased by 49.3%, 59.0% and 63.1% at 2.00% loading level, respectively. In addition, reinforcing steel strands in the boundary elements significantly reduced the energy dissipation of shear walls, but using SFRC could enhance the energy dissipation. As the SFVRs increased to 1.50%, the final cumulative energy dissipation of SSFRC shear walls was similar to that of RC shear walls. Finally, the calculation methods for cracking load, steel yielding load and peak load of the SSFRC shear walls were proposed, and the acceptable accuracy was verified by comparing the calculated and experimental results.

Assessing the mediating role of family resilience between caregiver burden and caregiver capacity: a cross-sectional study among Chinese stroke survivors and family caregivers in a real-world setting

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationships among caregiver burden, family resilience, and caregiver capacity in the care of stroke survivors. We hypothesised that family resilience would mediate the relationship between caregiver burden...

Enhanced interannual drought resilience in mixed stands: unveiling possible complementarity effects between tree species of the Spanish Northern Plateau

AbstractClimate change is expected to intensify drought in the Mediterranean region. Previous studies indicate that tree species mixing may reduce the water stress. Our study investigates the response to past drought events of four co-occurring Mediterranean species: Pinus pinea L. (stone pine), Pinus pinaster Ait. (maritime pine), Juniperus thurifera L. (Spanish juniper) and Quercus ilex L (holm oak). The study was performed at an interannual scale, both in monospecific and mixed stands. Annual tree ring widths data measured on increment cores and stem discs obtained from 281 trees were used to quantify the responses to drought events using complementary resilience indices. Additionally, we assessed tree intra- and inter-specific competition impact over the past 25 years. We fitted and compared generalised linear mixed models to determine the influence of species identity, stand composition as intra-specific and inter-specific competition on complementary resilience indices and annual basal area increment. The co-existence with other species enhanced the resistance to drought of the stone pine as the resilience capacity of the Spanish juniper. Conversely, maritime pine’s drought resistance declined considerably in mixed stands. Notably, only the anisohydric species Spanish juniper and holm oak were able to return to pre-disturbance growth rates after the drought. The influence of competition on tree growth was found to differ according to the hydrological conditions of each year and varied based on the specific source of competition. Our study showed that mixed stands in the Spanish Northern Plateau, especially with holm oak and Spanish juniper, are more resilient to prolonged droughts due to spatio-temporal complementarity and subsequent competition reduction. That is another reason for which such composed mixed stands should be promoted in the arid conditions of the Spanish Northern Plateau.

An inquest into the resource mobilization and utilization capacity of local leaders for community resilience to agriculture-threatening droughts and floods

The main objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between resource mobilization and utilization capacity of local leaders and community resilience to droughts and floods in Lower Muzarabani District of the Zambezi Valley in Zimbabwe. Continual exposure to the hydro-climatic disasters of droughts and floods in Lower Muzarabani has accelerated the vulnerability of poor rural communities, plunging them deeper into poverty and preventing them from taking advantage of economic opportunities. With Lower Muzarabani faced with increasing magnitude, frequency and intensity of droughts and floods, the need for concerted efforts towards building disaster-resilient communities can never be overemphasized. The Conjoint Community Resilience Assessment Model (CCRAM) Household Questionnaire was used to collect data in face-to-face interviews among the sampled households. in Lower Muzarabani. The original CCRAM Model structure, consisting of 5 disaster-resilience factors (Leadership, Collective Efficacy, Preparedness, Place Attachment, and Social Trust) and 28 items, was used as the basis for the survey. The multi-stage sampling method was used in selecting the 200 households for the survey. The major finding obtained with the use of the Pearson Bivariate Correlation Analysis and Linear Regression Analysis was that the efficiency and effectiveness of resource mobilization and utilization activities (represented in the CCRAM model by the preparedness factor) significantly and positively influence community resilience to the hydro-climatic disasters of droughts and floods in Lower Muzarabani.

Ecological money and finance—upscaling local complementary currencies

This paper puts forth a new pathway to sustainable policy to upscale the transformative power of local complementary currencies. It first reviews the mechanisms by which complementary currencies re-embed monetary circulation within sustainability and biomimetic resilience criteria. It then puts forth a prototype policy pathway whereby private banks swap SDG impact certificates of their complementary currency loans against new reserve assets held at the Central Bank. It finally provides analytical insight on this prototype policy with a a new PK-SFC model comprising 106 accounting and behavioral equations. Simulations show that the prototype policy generates short-lived economic expansion, increases banking stability, and induces structural change through increased systemic capacity for evolution, resilience, and fitness for evolution. We finally discuss the practical implications of our results for sustainability policies.

الأبعاد الاقتصادية والاجتماعية لصمود المدن وفقاً للمعايير العالمية

The City Resilience Index (CRI) is a key framework for assessing the resilience of cities to disasters and crises, thus contributing to the so-called "sustainability" and empowering of cities. It is an indicator that comprises four dimensions, including twelve goals, and fifty-two sub-indicators. The resilience of cities is built on ten qualitative indicators. These indicators fall within the four dimensions of the CRI – Health and Quality of Life, Economy and Society, Infrastructure and Ecosystems, and Leadership and Strategy. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the role of economic and social dimensions in enhancing the resilience of cities, within the concept of the Global Index of City Resilience, (CRI). The study showed a close correlation between the achievement of city resilience indicators and the socio-economic dimensions of cities, which was clearly reflected in the ability of cities to be economically and socially sustainable. This study showed the importance of indicators for preserving community identity and the importance of establishing interactive foundations between "strengthening institutional capacities for city resilience" and "community identity" for them, in order to enhance more sustainability and resilience of cities against internal or external migrations.

Situación de las organizaciones educativas escolares en pandemia: tres aspectos clave

Educational organizations were affected by the global COVID-19 pandemic, and, as a result, many of them had to develop strategies and practices in order to continue providing educational services. In light of this, the present study aimed to understand the situation of educational organizations during the pandemic, focusing on the following educational phenomena: organizational resilience, educational improvement, and distributed leadership. To do this, the research was approached through the narrative review method, for which a total of sixty-two sources were examined, from the years 2020, 2021 and 2022. The study concludes that there is evidence of an increase in resilient capacities as well as the exercise of distributed leadership. Additionally, it was concluded that educational improvement facilitated the enhancement of actions related to teaching and learning processes during the pandemic.

Review of metrics to assess resilience capacities and actions for supply chain resilience

Efficiency and profitability are the main drivers of globalization and have led to long and complex supply chains. Recent disturbances such as COVID-19 or the Suez Canal obstruction caused severe supply disruptions and thereby unveiled the vulnerability of global trade. Resilient supply chains are characterized by the capacity to absorb, adapt to, and restore after disruptions. Building upon the established concept of the ‘resilience curve’, this article explores the interplay between resilience capacities, metrics, and actions in the state-of-the-art literature. We first analyze and harmonize the terminology used to describe capacities as well as metrics for quantifying resilience. This results in a set of 17 resilience metrics that describe all characteristics of the resilience curve and can be used as a tool to assess the resilience of a supply chain. Subsequently, we propose how these metrics can be applied to quantify the effect of resilience actions. Finally, we analyze which actions are proposed in the literature and classify those actions according to their relation to traditional supply chain planning tasks. Practitioners such as supply chain decision-makers can implement these actions to strengthen the absorptive, adaptive, and restorative capacities and are provided with mathematical formulations to quantify the strengthening effect of actions. Academic research can, inter alia, integrate the metrics into multi-criteria optimization models for decision-making and explore the interplay between economic efficiency, environmental sustainability, and resilience.

Study on Resilience Governance Ability of Urban Communities Under the Interplay of "Pressure-structure-process-capacity"

In the era of VUCA, emergencies and public crises in the process of urban governance under the perspective of complex systems are constantly impacting the safety, stability and order of urban operation. As the nerve endings of the urban governance system, communities are the front line of guarding urban security, and it is urgent to pay attention to the theoretical and practical exploration of community resilience governance. This paper analyses the influencing factors of community resilience based on the practice samples of epidemic prevention and control in 23 communities in S city, using the grounded theory. Based on the theoretical framework of community resilience governance of "pressure-structure-process-capability", it is extracted that the community, under the role of "pressure brought by the epidemic", can be adjusted through the "structural adjustment of the governing body" and "whole process of governance", which are the most important factors of community resilience governance. It is extracted that the community can generate "community resilience capacity" under the pressure of "epidemic" through the "adjustment of the structure of governance body" and the "construction of the whole process of governance chain". On the one hand, this study is dedicated to the localisation of the integration of community resilience theory, and on the other hand, it contributes to the modernisation of community safety governance practices and capacity building.

Green innovation and organisational resilience capacity: the moderating roles of relational ties

ABSTRACT Building organisational resilience capacity is crucial for firms’ survival in the pandemic context. Using data from 205 Chinese firms during the COVID-19 pandemic, we investigate the relationships between two types of green innovations and organisational resilience capacity, and their contingencies upon firms’ customer ties and supplier ties. The empirical findings show that: green product innovation and green process innovation positively impact organisational resilience capacity; customer ties/supplier ties positively/negatively moderate the green product innovation–organisational resilience capacity, and negatively/positively moderate the relation between green process innovation and organisational resilience capacity.

The Influence of Gender on Academic Performance and Psychological Resilience, and the Relationship Between Both: Understanding the Differences Through Gender Stereotypes

AbstractNumerous studies have shown that psychological resilience is a key capability for students to succeed in an academic setting, but few of them have analyzed this connection from the perspective of gender. With the hypothesis that resilience and academic performance correlations are displayed differently across genders, we used the RESI-M questionnaire and academic grades to analyze this assumption. The results showed that there are gender differences in terms of the relationship between psychological resilience and academic performance. While we found that for women some factors of psychological resilience did correlate with their grades, no relationship between any of the factors and academic performance was found in men. As gender theory has claimed, men and women show differences in their behavior due to gender socialization and through the influence of gender stereotypes. Concerning these differences, our results demonstrate that while women make use of their resilience capacity in the form of planning skills and social support to perform better in higher education, men do not. Using our theoretical framework, these results are consistent with how women are socialized to make more effort in the academic setting. Men, on the other hand, tend to be less involved, since trying academically would make them “less of a man”. These results have some important implications for gender equality.

Sustainability and drivers of Populus tremuloides regeneration and recruitment near the southwestern edge of its range

Abstract Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) ecosystems are highly valued in the southwestern United States because of the ecological, economic, and aesthetic benefits they provide. Aspen has experienced extensive mortality in recent decades, and there is evidence that many areas in Arizona, United States lack adequate recruitment to replace dying overstory trees. Maintaining sustainable levels of regeneration and recruitment (i.e. juveniles) is critical for promoting aspen ecosystem resilience and adaptive capacity, but questions remain about which factors currently limit juvenile aspen and which strategies are appropriate for managing aspen in an increasingly uncertain future. To fill these critical knowledge gaps, we sampled aspen populations across Arizona and collected data representing a suite of biotic and abiotic factors that potentially influence juvenile aspen. Specifically, we addressed two questions: (i) Is aspen sustainably regenerating and recruiting in Arizona? and (2) Which biotic and abiotic factors significantly influence aspen regeneration and recruitment? We found that many aspen populations in Arizona lack sustainable levels of juvenile aspen, and the status of recruitment was especially dire, with 40% of study plots lacking a single recruiting stem. Aspen regeneration was less abundant on warmer sites than cooler ones, highlighting the threat that a rapidly warming climate poses to aspen sustainability. Aspen recruitment was significantly more abundant in areas with recent fire than in areas without fire, and recruitment had a strong positive relationship with fire severity. The most important limiting factors for aspen recruitment were ungulate browse, especially by introduced Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni), and the invasive insect, oystershell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi). We conclude with a discussion of how management can promote sustainability of aspen populations by addressing the array of threats that aspen faces, such as a warming climate, chronic ungulate browse, and outbreaks of oystershell scale.