Residues In Meat Research Articles

Surveillance of veterinary drug residues in pork meat in Madagascar

Antibiotics are used in animal feeds as growth promoters or for disease prevention and treatment. Drugs and their metabolites accumulate into body cells and constitute the so-called drug residues. Residual antimicrobials in food are an increasing risk for human health. Antibiotic residues in meat and other foods are suspected to be responsible for drug allergies and emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.In Madagascar, bacterial resistance against several antibiotics has been regularly observed in pathogens isolated from humans and pigs. Suspicion of drug misuse in farms has been frequently recorded by animal health professionals but no guidelines are available on the good usage of antibiotics in livestock. Since scarce information is available on antimicrobial residues in ani­mal products in Madagascar, this study aimed at determining the prevalence of pork meat contaminated by such residues and sold in Antananarivo markets.A total of 967 meat samples (diaphragm muscle) were collected during 2010 and 2011 in the four main abattoirs of Antananarivo, and in three additional regional abattoirs, i.e. Antsirabe, Mahitsy (Central Madagascar) and Tsiroamandidy (Western Madagascar). Analysis for antimicrobial detection in meat was performed with the commercial Premi®-test kit (DSM, Urmond, Netherlands) at the National Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory in Antananarivo. Premi®-test is a broad spectrum microbial screening test for the detection of antibiotic and sulfonamide residues in meat or meat products at, or below maximum residue limit (MRL) levels. MRL is the maximum concentration of residues following administration of a veterinary medicine which is legally permit­ted or acceptable in food under European Union legislation. The Premi®-test kit contains a standardized number of spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus, very sensitive to many antibiotics and sulfa compounds, in agar medium with selected nutrients together with an indicator. Premi®-test is based on the inhibi­tion of the growth of B. stearothermophilus. When meat juice is added to the Premi®-test ampoule and heated at 64°C, spores germinate. The germinated spores multiply and form an acid when no inhibitory substances are present, leading to an indica­tor color change from purple to yellow. When antimicrobial mol­ecules are present above the detection level, no growth occurs and the color remains purple.Table I presents the results of the percentage of positive samples in the various regions of Madagascar. On average 37.2% sam­ples were contaminated by antimicrobial residues. A significant increase from 32 to 39% was observed between 2010 and 2011, respectively. No significant differences were found between samples according to sex, breed or age class in individual ani­mals. No differences between pig farm origins were found either (Figure 1). However, Amoron’i Mania Region, and particularly suburban Ambositra, was the most contaminated area in 2010 (67%; n = 9) and Melaky region (Western Madagascar) in 2011. Pork meat samples originating from the same production area were less contaminated by drug residues when the animals were slaughtered in urban abattoirs compared to provincial abat­toirs. In this first step toward a national surveillance system, we confirm that drug residues in animal products are a serious public health concern for Madagascar.

Development and validation of an analytical method for the determination of 4-hexylresorcinol in food

This study presents a method validation for extraction and quantitative analysis of 4-hexylresorcinol residues in shrimp and crab meat using HPLC–FLD. We were focused on the collaboratively analysis of each shrimp and crab meat samples, and developed LC–MS/MS method for the correct confirmation of the identity of compound. Validation parameters; selectivity, linearity, LOD, LOQ, accuracy, precision, and measurement of uncertainty were attained. The measurement of uncertainty was based on the precision study, data related to the performance of the analytical process and quantification of 4-hexylresorcinol. For HPLC–FLD analysis, the recoveries of 4-hexylresorcinol from spiked samples at levels of 0.2–10.0ppm ranged from 92.54% to 97.67% with RSDs between 0.07% and 1.88%. According to these results, the method has been proven to be appropriate for extraction and determination of 4-hexylresorcinol, and can be used to maintain the safety of shrimp and crab products containing 4-hexylresorcinol residues.

Determination of florfenicol residues in broiler meat and liver samples using RP-HPLC with UV-visible detection.

Broilers are vulnerable to various types of microorganisms, including Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in multiple infections. Broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs such as florfenicol (FF) are widely used in the treatment of such infections. Suspected residues of these drugs in body tissues of treated birds can be passed to humans through meat consumption and thus lead to serious ill effects on human health. The present study was designed to estimate the presence of FF residues in broiler meat and liver samples. The mean residual concentrations of FF in broiler meat and liver samples were 311.42 ± 186.56 and 2585.44 ± 1759.71 µg kg(-1) respectively, which are higher than their respective maximum residual limits (MRLs). The results showed that 126 and 24 samples were FF-positive and FF-negative respectively. Of the positive samples, 84 and 42 samples were above and below the MRL respectively. The results indicate the presence of FF residues in broiler meat and liver samples. Usage of this contaminated meat causes resistance in consumers and poses a public health threat. Thus there is a need to educate farmers about the ill effects of residual drugs on human health and their withdrawal times in poultry. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.

Assessment of Different Cooking Techniques on Residual Quantification of Ciprofloxacin and Enrofloxacin Antibiotics in Chicken

The present research project was intended to assess the antibiotics residues in poultry meat and to explore the impacts of different cooking methods on antibiotic residues in broiler meat. Three dose levels (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight) of antibiotics were administered to the broilers. The antibiotics were administered for 5 consecutive days at the age of 25 days. The birds were slaughtered after 4 days of administration of antibiotics. The residual concentrations of the drugs were highest in treatments T3 and T6 which contain maximum doses of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin, respectively. The maximum depletion of ciprofloxacin occurred after boiling and frying method of cooking followed by that of grilling and steaming of broiler meat. It is concluded that the residual concentrations of both antibiotics were found to be highest in all meat samples which exceeded the residual limit (0.3 ppm). Practical Applications The key to growth is a continuous evaluation and modification of the product to match consumer expectations and regulations requirements. Currently, there are many apparent benefits that result from this research because it explains impact of different cooking methods on the antibiotic residues in poultry meat and meat products.

English

The anarchic use of antibiotics for therapeutic purposes or as a growth factor in Burkina Faso’s breeding is the origin of their residues present in consumed meat. These antibiotics residues have health, technological and microbiological consequences. The objective of this first study is to highlight the antibiotic residues in meat consumed in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. A survey was carried out to make an inventory of antibiotics used for animal treatment intended for production and the consequences of such use. Thus, a total of 100 samples of bovine kidney were deducted from the refrigerating slaughter house of Ouagadougou aseptically to test the presence of drug residues with the Premi®Test kit and the microbiological method with Geobacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis ATCC 10149. According to this analysis, 31% of the kidney samples contained aminoglycosides, quinolones, macrolides and beta-lactam, sulfonamides and/or tetracyclines causing the zones of inhibition 3 to 15 mm. This reflects the anarchic use of antibiotics in Burkina Faso cattle breeding. Measures must be taken to ensure consumer safety and reduce the impact of these antimicrobials on selection of resistant pathogenic bacteria strains. Key words: Consumed meat, antibiotics residues, Burkina Faso.

Simple and sensitive monitoring of β2-agonist residues in meat by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using a QuEChERS with preconcentration as the sample treatment

A liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection (LC–MS/MS) method was established for the simultaneous determination of the levels of 10 β2-agonists in meat. The samples were extracted using an aqueous acidic solution and cleaned up using a Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) technique utilising a DVB–NVP–SO3Na sorbent synthesised in-house. First, the β2-agonist residues were extracted in an aqueous acidic solution, followed by matrix solid-phase dispersion for clean-up. The linearities of the method were R2=0.9925–0.9998, with RSDs of 2.7–15.3% and 73.7–103.5% recoveries. Very low limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) of 0.2–0.9μg/kg and 0.8–3.2μg/kg, respectively, were achieved for spiked meat. The values obtained were lower than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) established by the EU and China. These results clearly demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. The evaluated method provided reliable screening, quantification and identification of 10 β2-agonists in meat.

DETECTION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN BROILER CHICKEN MEAT MARKETED IN SEVERAL CITIES IN JAVA ISLAND USING ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA) METHOD

Oxytetracycline (OTC) is one of the tetracycline (TCs) broad-spectrum antibiotics widely used inthe chicken industry. However, improper use of OTC with excessive doses potentially leads to residueformation in animal products that can be harmful to consumers in the form of allergic reaction orresistance. This study aimed to detect OTC residues in broiler chicken meat, marketed in traditionalmarkets and supermarkets in Depok, Bekasi, Bandung, Cilegon, Surakarta and Yogyakarta using indirectcompetitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) method. The analyses of 67 broiler meatsamples showed only 1 (1.5%) sample was positive for the OTC residue at 86.1 ng/g which meant belowthe maximum residue limits of permissible OTC (100 ng/g). Nevertheless, a stricter regulation for theuse of OTC in the poultry industry and the monitoring of its residue in chicken products prior tomarketing is still necessary to avoid the adverse effects of the residue present in animal products.

Determination of oxytetracycline residues in cattle meat marketed in the Kilosa district, Tanzania.

Oxytetracycline is used to treat various diseases in cattle. However, its use may be associated with unacceptable residue levels in food. Oxytetracycline residues in tissues from indigenous cattle were determined in a cross-sectional study conducted in the Kilosa district, Tanzania, between November 2012 and April 2013. A total of 60 tissue samples, including muscle, liver and kidney, were collected from slaughterhouses and butchers and analysed for oxytetracycline using high-performance liquid chromatography. Oxytetracycline residues were found in 71.1% of the samples, of which 68.3% were above acceptable regulatory levels. The mean concentration of oxytetracycline across tissues was 3401.1 µg/kg ± 879.3 µg/kg; concentrations in muscle, liver and kidney were 2604.1 µg/kg ± 703.7 µg/kg, 3434.4 µg/kg ± 606.4 µg/kg and 3533.1 µg/kg ± 803.6 µg/kg, respectively. High levels of oxytetracycline residue in meat from indigenous cattle may pose a health threat to consumers in Kilosa. The findings possibly reflect a general lack of implementation of recommended withdrawal periods, ignorance about drug use and lack of extension services. Strict regulation of the use of antimicrobial drugs in the livestock industry and associated testing of animal-derived food sources prior to marketing are required.

Single-laboratory validation study of simple and simultaneous determination method for pesticide residues in meat by LC-MS/MS

We performed a single-laboratory validation study of a simple and simultaneous determination method for pesticide residues in meat using LC-MS/MS. Water was added to the sample and the mixture was homogenized. Next, pesticides were extracted with acetonitrile containing 1 vol% formic acid using a homogenizer, and salted out with magnesium sulfate, trisodium citrate and sodium chloride. After centrifugation, the acetonitrile layer was made up to standard volume and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. This method was assessed by performing recovery tests in retail bovine, swine and chicken muscle samples spiked with the 132 pesticides at the levels of 0.01 and 0.04 μg/g. Among them, 125 pesticides satisfied the Japanese method validation guideline criteria in bovine, 120 in swine and 127 in chicken.

Human health risks associated with residual pesticide levels in edible tissues of slaughtered cattle in Benin City, Southern Nigeria

Pesticide residues in meat is of growing concern due to possible adverse effects on humans. Pesticide levels were assessed in five edible cattle parts: muscle, liver, kidney and tongue tissues to determine human health risk associated with consumption of these tissues. Health risk estimates were analysed using estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) for two (2) age/weight categories: 1–11years/30kg for children while 70kg was used for adult. Risks were categorized for non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health effects and measured at the average, maximum, 50th and 95th percentiles of the measured exposure concentrations (MEC). Total pesticide residues ranged from 2.38 to 3.86μg/kg (muscle), 3.58 to 6.3μg/kg (liver), 1.87 to 4.59μg/kg (kidney) and 2.54 to 4.35μg/kg (tongue). Residual pesticide concentrations in the tissues were in the order: Liver>Tongue>Muscle>Kidney. The concentrations of all the assessed pesticides observed in the tissues were however lower than the recommended maximum residual limits (MRLs). Human health risk estimations for the children showed EDI values for heptachlor epoxide, aldrin and dieldrin exceeding threshold values. Non-cancer risk posed to children on consumption of contaminated cattle parts showed HQ values for heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin and HI values for organochlorines exceeding 1, indicating the possibility of non-carcinogenic health risks to consumers especially children from consumption of cattle meat from the selected abattoirs.

Distribution of Niclosamide Residues in Meat and Internal Organs of Common Carp

Niclosamide is applied for the treatment of the disease of common carp hatchlings caused by Bothriocephalus acheilognathi. One of the main characteristics of this drug is a short half-life in water. A series of experiments were performed to determine the distribution of niclosamide residues in the organs and meat of the carp, in controlled conditions. It was shown that 72.42% of niclosamide was deposited in the liver, 18.79% in the kidney and 7.79% in the spleen. However, only about 3% of deposited niclosamide was detected in meat. This drug provides rapid and effective treatment of fish, completely eliminating the tapeworms.

Detection of Quinolones in Commercial Eggs Obtained from Farms in the Espaillat Province in the Dominican Republic

Previously, we reported the use of quinolones in broiler chickens resulted in residues in retail poultry meat obtained from nine districts in the Santiago Province of the Dominican Republic. Residues in poultry products are a concern due to consumer allergies and the potential to develop antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Given the use of quinolones in poultry production and our previous findings in poultry meat, the objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of quinolone residues in eggs. Samples were collected from 48 different farms located in three of the four municipalities (Moca, Cayetano Germosen, and Jamao) of the Espaillat Province. Each farm was sampled three times between July and September for a total of 144 samples. Samples were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively for quinolone residues using the Equinox test. Operation systems (cage or floor), seasonality, and location were considered along with egg-producer sizes that were defined as small scale, <30,000 eggs per day; medium scale, 30,000 to 60,000 eggs per day; or large scale, >60,000 eggs per day. From small-, medium-, and large-scale producers, 69, 50, and 40% of samples were positive for quinolone residues, respectively. A greater number of samples were positive (61%) in floor-laying hen producers compared with those using cages (40%). In the Jamao municipality, 67% of the samples were positive compared with Moca and Cayetano Germosen, where 56 and 25% of samples were positive, respectively. Sampling time had an effect on percent positives: samples collected in July, August, and September were 71, 19, and 63% positive, respectively. Overall, 51% of the samples obtained from eggs produced in the province of Espaillat were positive for quinolone residues at levels higher than the maximum limits for edible tissue established by the regulatory agencies, including the European Union and U.S. Department of Agriculture. The results obtained from this research confirmed the presence of quinolone residue in eggs, which may present a health risk to some consumers.

Oxytetracycline residues in Sheep meat in Khartoum State, Sudan

In the last two decades, the chemical and biological contaminants in livestock and livestock products worldwide have been considered as one of the causes that threatens life of both man and animals. In Sudan very little work has been done in this field. This study was carried out to detect Oxytetracycline (OTC) residues in sheep liver and muscle samples in Khartoum State, Sudan. A total of 150 samples comprising of liver (n=75) and muscle (n=75) of sheep were collected from three different localities in Khartoum State during the period from March to September 2013. The OTC residues were detected using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and one plate test (OPT). The results of HPLC showed that the level of OTC residues in liver samples above maximum residue limit (MRL) was 4% (n=3/75) and under MRL was 96%. Regard to muscle samples, the level of OTC residues above MRL was 60.3% (n=35/58), whereas, under MRL was 39.7%. Using OPT, 14.7% (n=11/75) and 6.7% (n=5/75) of liver and muscle samples showed inhibition zone, respectively. It is concluded that OTC residues are detected in sheep liver and muscle sample with different levels in Khartoum state. Further investigation on level of OTC residues in other farm animals and other organs throughout the country is recommended. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/javar.2015.b101

Effects of various freezing and cooking processes on the residues of sulfamethazine in broiler tissues

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of frying, boiling and freezing processes on sulfamethazine (SMZ) residues in chick breast meat and liver. Chicks were fed with feed not containing sulfonamide residues for 30 days. After 30 days, the suspensions of SMZ (110 mg/kg) were given to 10 chicken by gavage to craw once daily for 5 days. After 35 day, all animals were slaughtered and their breast meat and liver were taken. The part of the tissues were stored in -20 C freezer for 30 and 45 days. The levels of SMZ in raw, grilled and boiled and freezed tissues were determined by HPLC-DAD detector. As a result of the study, it has been determined that, boiling and grilling processes reduced the residues of SMZ at different rates in broiler tissues; storing in the deep freezer did not cause significant changes on drug residues

Mini-column screening assay for tetracyclines in chicken

A simple, rapid, reliable and economical mini-column (MC) method for the detection of tetracyclines (TCs) residues in chicken meat was developed. The method employs a commonly available Pasteur pipette which is tightly packed with silica gel and anhydrous sodium sulfate. Clean-up and detection of illegal levels can be achieved on the same column. Viewing the developed MC under an ultraviolet lamp revealed that TCs can be detected as a compact golden yellow fluorescent band at the junction between the anhydrous sodium sulfate and silica gel layers. Comparing the yellow band of control extracts with those fortified (100 ng ml−1) showed no overlap between analyte and impurities. The limit of detection (LOD) of the MC assay was 1 ng, indicating that the chicken sample containing 10 µg TCs kg−1 sample could be easily detected. Moreover, the intensity of the yellow band increased whenever TCs levels in the extract increased. Evaluation utility of the method with blind samples as controls or samples fortified with total TCs at various levels indicated that the total blank and spiked samples at levels equal or below the permissible limits were assessed as accepted. The method can provide an alternative to microbial screening assays and could be used as an effective pre-screening technique in public health laboratories.

Detection of antibiotic residues in poultry carcasses in Mashhad poultry abattoir

In poultry breeding, use of any antibiotics as a food additive that promotes growth, prevention or treatment of infectious diseases will increase the chance of drug residues in poultry meat products. In this study, the presence of different antibiotics in ten broiler flocks, which were later transported to Mashhad poultry abattoir have been investigated, using four plate test (FPT) method. A total of one hundred breast muscle and sixty liver samples (10 breast muscles and 6 liver samples from each flock) were collected randomly. The results of this study showed, the 18.75% of samples were positive for antibiotic residues and 6.88% of samples were suspected. The results also showed that sulfonamides residue in meat and liver samples were higher than other investigated antibiotics (22% in meat and 11.7% in livers). It can be concluded that the withdrawal time of antibiotics before slaughter has been ignored in many of these farms therefore, the administration of antibiotics in poultry farms must be more rigidly controlled to prevent drug residues in food-producing animals.

Determination of Gentamicin Residual in Duck Meat Using Fluorescence Analysis Method

Gentamicin is a kind of aminoglycoside antibiotics and widely used in the prevention and treatment of the duck diseases. A prediction model was established for the rapid detection of Gentamicin residue in duck meat using fluorescence analysis method according to the strong fluorescent characteristic of the generated derivative for Gentamicin and o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) in the presence of emulsifier OP-10 and mercaptoethanol.The fluorescence spectra of the duck meat containing Gentamicin were analyzed, the optimum excitation wavelength of the material was 340 nm and the optimum emission wavelength was 442 nm. Fluorescence intensity and the concentration of the standard samples presented the good linear relationship, the linear correlation coefficient was 0.9963 and the limit of detection was 0.47 μg/mL in the dynamic rang of 0.5 ~6.5μg/mL. The correlation coefficient of regression equation was 0.9968 for the samples of duck meat extract. The experimental results showed that the fluorescence analysis method had a good performance and accuracy in detecting the Gentamicin residue in duck meat.

The development and validation of a rapid method for the determination of antimicrobial agent residues in milk and meat using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole – Orbitrap mass spectrometry

A new multi-class method has been developed for the identification and quantification of the residues of 26 antibiotics from different classes (sulfonamides, macrolides, tetracyclines, penicillins, and quinolones) in milk and meat by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid quadrupole – high resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC–qOrbitrap). The sample preparation included extraction of two analytical portions with acetonitrile and 5% trichloroacetic acid, respectively, followed by centrifugation and filtration. The method was validated over three days at 50% of MRL (maximum residue limit) set in the European Union. Experiments on spiked meat and milk samples showed that the average recovery of the antibiotics ranged from 83% to 112%, and the coefficients of variation were between 8.9% and 39%.

Gossypol was not detected in the longissimus muscle of lambs fed several forms of cottonseed

The aim of this work was to evaluate the growth performance, carcass characteristics, 12th rib tissue composition, haematological and serum biochemical parameters, as well as the presence of gossypol residues in the meat of Santa Inês lambs fed cotton crop by-products. For an experimental period of 90 days, 24 intact male Santa Inês lambs (bodyweight (BW): 20.6 ± 1.9 kg; 4 months old) were fed a 50 : 50 forage : concentrate diets fed ad libitum. Chopped Coast cross (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers) hay was used as forage. The animals were then allocated into four treatments, according to the cotton crop by-product included in the concentrate formulation: Control (CON) – No cotton crop by-product used in formulation; Whole cottonseed (WCS); Cottonseed cake (CSC); and Cottonseed meal (CSM). The animals were weighed and blood collected every 15 days. At the end of the experimental period, the lambs were slaughtered and the evaluations of carcass characteristics, 12th rib tissue composition and presence of gossypol residues in the meat were carried out. Dry matter intake was higher (P &lt; 0.05) for the diets containing cotton crop by-products, but BW gains were not different (P &gt; 0.05). Despite these results the animals fed the highest level of gossypol (WCS) had lower (P &lt; 0.05) carcass yield resulting in lower (P &lt; 0.05) carcass weight, suggesting a possible negative effect of gossypol on carcass development. Serum urea was elevated on all treatments including CON, otherwise haematological and biochemical parameters were within reference ranges. No gossypol residues in meat were detected by the method used here, which had a minimum detection limit of 20 ppb. It is concluded that the cotton crop by-products may have impaired carcass production but did not leave gossypol residues in lamb meat.

Aflatoxin Producing Moulds and Aflatoxin Residues in Meat and Meat Products in Egypt

This investigation was designed to throw light on the contamination rate of meat and meat products with mould and aflatoxins. The prevalence and population density of the mycobiota of 350 beef meat and meat product samples (frozen meat, minced meat, liver, kidney, luncheon, sausage, hawawchi), 50 of each, collected from different abattoirs, markets and shopkeepers in Egypt were studied. The highest total mould count/g was obtained from the sausage samples (4.20 ± 1.25 X 104), whereas the frozen meat samples yielded the lowest mould count (2.00 ± 1.2 X 102). The most frequently encountered mould genera from the examined samples were Aspergillus and penicillium. Aspergillus species were isolated at percent of 100%, 80%, 80%, 78%, 74%, 70% and 50% from minced meat, hawawchi, sausage, luncheon, liver, frozen meat and kidney samples respectively. Aspergillus flavus was the most predominant isolated species. All A. parasiticus and 77.96% of A. flavus isolates were positive for aflatoxin production on coconut agar medium (CAM), thin layer chromatography (TLC) and fluorometric immune affinity method. Detection of aflatoxin residues in meat and meat products samples revealed that the highest mean values of aflatoxin residues (µg/kg) B1, B2, G1 and G2 were detected in the kidney samples (12.36 ± 1.89, 9.84 ± 1.63, 5.38 ± 1.36 and 6.84 ± 1.39, respectively)followed by the liver (13.81 ± 1.96, 3.26 ± 0.92, 2.51 ± 0.63 and 1.36 ± 0.38), luncheon (3.71 ± 1.35, 3.59± 1.12, 5.24 ± 1.12 and 6.77 ±1.49), hawawchi (11.03 ± 2.43, 2.25± 0.52, 2.54 ± 0.99 and 2.56 ± 0.27), minced meat (3.62 ± 0.88, 3.40 ± 0.82, 4.24 ± 0.85, 2.83 ± 0.60) and frozen meat samples which had the lowest level of AFs (4.80 ± 0.89, 5.3 ± 2.1, 1.71 ± 0.60 and 0.0) respectively. The detected levels of aflatoxin residues in the present samples were compared with the international permissible limits of WHO, FAO and FDA. Most of detected aflatoxins levels in meat and meat product samples were more than the permissible limits thus would be unfit for human consumption. The present study attracts the attention to potential risk for aflatoxin producing moulds and aflatoxins contamination and strongly recommends reduction in various causes of contamination as lack of hygienic measures during slaughtering, handling, transportation, storage or processing to meat and its products and also avoiding contaminated spices used in meat processing