Residues In Animal-derived Food Research Articles

Determination of isometamidium residues in animal-derived foods by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

In this paper, a new determination method for isometamidium residues in animal-derived foods was developed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Isometamidium residues in bovine tissues and milk were extracted with the mixed solution of acetonitrile and 0.25 mol/L of ammonium formate–methanol (v/v, 1:1), concentrated and degreased, and determined by LC–MS/MS with quantification by external standard method. The results showed that the peak area of chromatogram was linearly related to the concentration of isometamidium in the range of 1–100 μg/L, and the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.05 μg/kg and 5 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries of spiked samples were in the range of 73.8–93.9% with relative standard deviations ranged from 2.3% to 7.5%. This method is simple, accurate and suitable for the identification and quantification for isometamidium in animal-derived foods.

Multicomponent mesofluidic system for the detection of veterinary drug residues based on competitive immunoassay

An automated multicomponent mesofluidic system (MCMS) based on biorecognitions carried out on meso-scale glass beads in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channels was developed. The constructed MCMS consisted of five modules: a bead introduction module, a bioreaction module, a solution handling module, a liquid driving module, and a signal collection module. The integration of these modules enables the assay to be automated and reduces it to a one-step protocol. The MCMS has successfully been applied toward the detection of veterinary drug residues in animal-derived foods. The drug antigen-coated beads ( ϕ 250 μm) were arrayed in the PDMS channels ( ϕ 300 μm). The competitive immunoassay was then carried out on the surface of the glass beads. After washing, the Cy3-labeled secondary antibody was introduced to probe the antigen–antibody complex anchored to the beads. The fluorescence intensity of each bead was measured and used to determine the residual drug concentration. The MCMS is highly sensitive, with its detection limits ranging from 0.02 (salbutamol) to 3.5 μg/L (sulfamethazine), and has a short assay time of 45 min or less. The experimental results demonstrate that the MCMS proves to be an economic, efficient, and sensitive platform for multicomponent detection of compound residues for contamination in foods or the environment.

The effect and mode of action of saponins on the microbial populations and fermentation in the rumen and ruminant production

The growing public concerns over chemical residues in animal-derived foods and threats of antibiotic-resistant bacteria have renewed interest in exploring safer alternatives to chemical feed additives in ruminant livestock. Various bioactive phytochemicals including saponins appear to be potential 'natural' alternatives to 'chemical' additives in modulating rumen fermentation favourably and animal performance. Saponins are a diverse group of glycosides present in many families of plants. The primary effect of saponins in the rumen appears to be to inhibit the protozoa (defaunation), which might increase the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis and protein flow to the duodenum. Furthermore, saponins may decrease methane production via defaunation and/or directly by decreasing the activities (i.e. rate of methanogenesis or expression of methane-producing genes) and numbers of methanogens. Saponins may also selectively affect specific rumen bacteria and fungi, which may alter the rumen metabolism beneficially or adversely. The ammonia-adsorption and modulation of digesta passage in the rumen by saponins have also been implicated in altering rumen metabolism, but their physiological responses are likely to be negligible compared with microbiological effects. The effects of saponins on rumen fermentation have not been found to be consistent. These discrepancies appear to be related to the chemical structure and dosage of saponins, diet composition, microbial community and adaptation of microbiota to saponins. There is need for systematic research based on chemical structures of saponins, nutrient composition of diets and their effects on rumen microbial ecosystem to obtain consistent results. The present paper reviews and discusses the effects and mode of action of saponins on microbial community and fermentation in the rumen, and ruminant performance.

Competitive immunoassay by capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence for the trace detection of chloramphenicol in animal‐derived foods

A competitive immunoassay using CE with an LIF detector was developed for the detection of chloramphenicol (CAP). The method was based on the competitive reactions between fluorescently labeled CAP hapten and free CAP, with a limited amount of anti-CAP antibody. The poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPA) hydrogel was added in the separation buffer as a dynamic modifier to reduce adsorption and enhance reproducibility. The linear range and LOD for CAP were 0.008-5 microg/L and 0.0016 microg/L, respectively. An ELISA using the same immuno-reagents was also developed for the analysis of CAP, with an LOD of 0.03 microg/L. The sensitivity of this CE immunoassay (CEIA)-LIF was almost 20 times greater than that of the ELISA. Using CEIA-LIF, equilibrium was reached in 15 min and the analytical results were obtained within 5 min by CE separation. Sample preparation for CEIA-LIF was not time-consuming and the matrix effect was easy to remove. An LOD of 0.1 microg/kg CAP in food matrices was easily achieved. This method is thus proposed as a fast and sensitive means of detecting trace amounts of CAP residues in animal-derived foods.

The safety assessment of chemical residues in animal-derived foods

Australian Veterinary JournalVolume 83, Issue 3 p. 151-151 The safety assessment of chemical residues in animal-derived foods PT REEVES, PT REEVES Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority, John Curtin House, 22 Brisbane Avenue, Barton, Australian Captial Territory 2600Search for more papers by this author PT REEVES, PT REEVES Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority, John Curtin House, 22 Brisbane Avenue, Barton, Australian Captial Territory 2600Search for more papers by this author First published: 10 March 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2005.tb11625.xCitations: 4AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume83, Issue3March 2005Pages 151-151 RelatedInformation

Human Health Risks Associated with Drug Residues in Animal-Derived Foods

Adulteration of food supply by agricultural chemicals has gained national attention as a potential health hazard. Public fears over chemical residues in foods do not appear commensurate with the risks established through experimental or epidemiologic studies. This paper examines the risk to human health from consumption of drug residues in animal-derived foods. In particular, it focuses on antimicrobial residues and residues of natural and synthetic hormones used to enhance the growth of livestock. In addition, the paper addresses the disastrous consequences to public health when safe and effective veterinary drugs are banned from use because of socioeconomic considerations.

Antibiotic Residues in Animal-Derived Food

Antibiotics are used extensively in food-producing animals to maintain optimal health and promote growth. The use of these drugs has the potential to leave drug-related residues such as parent drug and metabolites in meat, milk, and eggs. For those drugs that require a withholding period to ensure that residues in the food products are below established tolerances, methods of analysis are required. The majority of approved antibiotics are assayed by microbiological methods. Although these methods are suitable for screening for drug residues, they often lack the specificity and precision required of regulatory methods. Present requirements for regulatory methods have resulted in the submission of physical-chemical methods in support of New Animal Drug Applications for antibiotics.