Residual Solution Research Articles

Non-enzymatic browning and the kinetic model of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural formation in residual solution of vinegar soaked-soybean

Non-enzymatic browning of vinegar soaked-soybean residual solution was investigated using a model solution. A glycine-fructose-gallic acid model system was proposed by analyzing reducing sugars, amino acids, total phenolics, and pH value of the vinegar soaked-soybean residual solution. Based on the proposed model, the kinetics of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) formation was also studied. The results showed that Maillard reaction and sugar pyrolysis might be the accurate mechanisms of non-enzymatic browning in vinegar soaked-soybean residual solution. The formation of 5-HMF in the model solution exhibited characteristics of the first-order kinetic model at temperature from 60 to 140 °C. The frequency constant kf was 450.65 /h, and the apparent activation energy Ea was 20.15 kJ/mol. Acetic acid, Fe2+, and Fe3+ significantly enhanced the browning rate and 5-HMF formation; whereas Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, glucose oxidase, and H2O2 inhibited the browning rate.

Recovery of gallium from strong acidic sulphate leach solutions of zinc refinery residues using a novel phosphate ester extractant

A novel phosphate ester extractant (H2R) was used to extract gallium directly from strong acidic sulphate leach solutions of zinc refinery residues. The results indicated that the application acidity of H2R significantly exceeded those of P507 and P204 (two commonly used phosphate esters), and could directly extract gallium from the solutions with relatively high acidity (20–120 g/L H2SO4). In batch tests, 98.54% of gallium was extracted from solutions containing 0.205 g/L gallium and 107.80 g/L H2SO4 in four-stage counter current extraction, by using an organic system consisting of 40% (v/v) H2R in sulfonated kerosene with an A/O ratio of 1:1 at laboratory temperature (27 ± 1 °C) for 10 min. Meanwhile, extractions of other metals (germanium, zinc, copper, arsenic, and cadmium) were negligible, except for that of iron. After scrubbing using 20 g/L H2SO4 at an A/O ratio of 1:1, 99.13% of gallium in the loaded organic was selectively stripped using 200 g/L H2SO4 solution via five-stage counter current stripping with an A/O ratio of 1:4 at 27 ± 1 °C for 10 min, followed by using 7 mol/L HCl solution to strip co-extracted iron for recycling. Over the whole process, 96.71% of gallium was recovered and enriched in the pure gallium sulphate strip liquor with a concentration of 0.793 g/L. The results of continuous running tests demonstrated that H2R could be used to selectively recover gallium from strong acidic sulphate leach solutions of zinc refinery residues, with high stability and good cycling performance.

A regularized weighted least gradient problem for conductivity imaging

We propose and study a method for imaging an approximate electrical conductivity from the magnitude of one interior current density field without any knowledge of the boundary voltage potential. Solely from this interior data, the exact conductivity is impossible to recover as non-unique solutions exist. We propose a method to recover a minimum residual type solution. The method is based on a weighted least gradient problem in the subspace of functions of bounded variations with square integrable traces. We prove existence and uniqueness for a nearby problem, and study the continuous dependence data for a regularized problem. The computational effectiveness and numerical convergence of this method is demonstrated in numerical experiments.

Decontamination of Chia and Flax Seed Inoculated with Salmonella and Surrogate, Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354, Using a Peracetic Acid Sanitizing Solution: Antimicrobial Efficacy and Impact on Seed Functionality

Raw chia and flax seeds are increasingly associated with Salmonella contamination. However, intervention technologies for these seeds that maintain them in a raw state, without causing clumping because of mucilage production upon moisture exposure, are limited. In this study, a commercial ethanol and paracetic acid sanitizing solution meeting these criteria was evaluated for efficacy against Salmonella and Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354, a known Salmonella surrogate for thermal intervention technologies. Samples (100 g each) of chia and flax seeds ( n = 5) were inoculated with either a cocktail of Salmonella Newport, Senftenberg, Oranienburg, Saintpaul, Typhimurium DT104, and Cubana or E. faecium NRRL B-2354. After overnight acclimatization, samples were treated with 4 mL of sanitizing solution per sample and then held at ambient temperature (20 to 25°C) for 1 h before bacterial enumeration. Separate 1-kg-treated batches were evaluated for germination ability (4 replicates of 100-g samples), as well as nutrient content and rancidity ( n = 3), compared with untreated control. Following the posttreatment holding time, these batches were dried back to original moisture content at 70°C to evaporate residual sanitizing solution, thereby stopping treatment. The sanitizing solution was found to be an effective intervention method for chia and flax seeds, reducing Salmonella to below the level of detection by more than 4 and more than 5 average log CFU/g, respectively. Germination was not significantly affected ( P ≥ 0.05) for chia seed. For both seeds, nutrition and rancidity were not significantly affected ( P ≥ 0.05). Furthermore, E. faecium NRRL B-2354 was found to be an appropriate Salmonella surrogate for treatment of chia and flax seeds with this sanitizing solution, showing comparable but higher resistance to treatment with the sanitizing solution than the Salmonella cocktail.

Time fractional Biswas–Milovic equation: Group analysis, soliton solutions, conservation laws and residual power series solution

In this work, we studied time fractional Biswas–Milovic equation (FBME) which describes the long distance optical communication with Kerr law nonlinearity. We analyzed group analysis of equation by using Lie symmetry analysis and reduced it to fractional ordinary differential equation. We obtained analytic soliton solutions for the equation by means of DtαGG expansion method in form of hyperbolic, trigonometric and rational function form. The conservation laws for fractional governing equation are constructed by using non linear self adjointness and Noether's operators. The numerical approximated solution are also obtained by using residual power series method. Some figures are also added to understand the solutions.

High-Detectivity Perovskite Light Detectors Printed in Air from Benign Solvents

Summary Here, we propose a simple and low-temperature approach for the synthesis of methylammonium lead halide perovskite inks based on sub-micrometer-sized particles with tunable band gap. The particles allow the formulation of inks in benign solvents, such as propan-2-ol, and the printing of the photoactive layers of planar photoconductors with scalable, large-area coating techniques under ambient conditions. When surface traps are passivated with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester fullerene (PCBM), a high photoconductive gain (exceeding 200 in the blue) and reduced noise produce record-high specific detectivities exceeding 7 × 1013 cmHz0.5/W and gain-bandwidth product values of 7.5 × 106 Hz. Given the extreme simplicity of the presented device architecture and the straightforward processing, yielding printable light detectors rivalling established technologies, the present work promises a short-term deployment of printed perovskite detectors in a multitude of opto-electronic applications.

Experimental evidence for fractionation of tin chlorides by redox and vapor mechanisms

Abstract Multiple mechanisms have been proposed to induce fractionation of tin in ores and rocks. Experimental evidence to support and characterize the causes for fractionation is lacking. Here, we present laboratory vapor-induced and redox-driven experiments to resolve the directionality and relative magnitude of fractionation caused by these geologically prominent mechanisms. Vapor-induced fractionation without redox reactions at 150 °C resulted in the residual solution becoming isotopically lighter by 0.15‰ (δ124Sn with all values reported in comparison to NIST 3161A). Tin chloride solutions that were electrolytically reduced to form metal produced residual solutions that were 0.40‰ heavier (δ124Sn). The reduced metal from these experiments was lighter than the solutions and starting materials. These experiments confirm that heavier tin isotopes are favored in a stronger bonding environment associated with oxidation, and that the vapor favors heavier tin in SnCl4. Empirical confirmation of the magnitudes and directions of tin isotope fractionation determined through experimentation are evident in the comparison of the isotopic composition of cassiterite ores from contrasting mineralizing environments. Pegmatites and associated greisen ores that formed deep within the Earth, and so experienced redox reactions without vapor partitioning (Etta, South Dakota; Elsmore, New South Wales) display a variation of only 0.8‰ (δ124Sn). In contrast, cassiterite that formed from vapor-rich fluids in volcanic to subvolcanic environments, and so experienced both redox and vapor fractionation mechanisms (Taylor Creek, New Mexico, Durango, Mexico; Potosi and Oruro, Bolivia) display a much larger range of cassiterite values, of up to 2‰ (δ124Sn). It is likely that tin isotope fractionation via these mechanisms contribute to the observed variations in igneous rocks.

In situ loading metal oxide particles on bio-chars: Reusable materials for efficient removal of methylene blue from wastewater

Dyeing wastewater produced from textile industry has attracted considerable attention due to its pollution on environment. In this study, bio-char (BC), TiO2/bio-char (BC-T), TiO2/MgO/ZnO/bio-char composites (BC-TMZ) were prepared and utilized to remove methylene blue (MB). The surface morphology and composition of BC, BC-T and BC-TMZ were described by XRD, EDS, SEM, BET and TEM. Furthermore, the synergistic removal effects of as-prepared materials in MB solutions were explored under different bio-char dosage, initial MB concentration, reaction time and different light irradiation conditions. Finally, the residual MB solutions after treatment are characterized by LC-MS. The results indicated that the metal oxide particles (Fe2O3, ZnO, MgO and TiO2) have been loaded into pores of the BC-TMZ. Moreover, the BC-TMZ which act as both adsorbent and catalytic, possesses excellent reusability (reused for 4 times) to remove MB from solution. The adsorption behaviors of BC-TMZ were described by Pseudo-second order model and Langmuir model well. The maximum adsorption-catalytic capability of BC-TMZ (0.8 g/L) for MB (50 mg/L) was 62.5 mg/g with UV light irradiation (253.7 nm, 40 W) in 4 h. The MB molecules can be decomposed completely by BC-TMZ. The BC-TMZ is potential to be used as a reusable material for the removal of pollutants.

Molecular weight-dependent adsorption fractionation of natural organic matter on ferrihydrite colloids in aquatic environment

Natural organic matter (NOM), a heterogeneous mixture with various organic components and continuous molecular weight (MW) distribution, is omnipresent in natural waters. To date, understanding of the MW-dependent adsorption fractionation of NOM samples on colloids is limited due to the lack of NOM fractionation and characterization methods. In this study, the ultrafiltration technique was applied to fractionate the bulk NOM samples into low MW (LMW-, <1 kDa) and high MW (HMW-, 1 kDa–0.45 μm) fractions, whose adsorption behaviors on ferrihydrite colloids were comparatively examined via using total organic carbon, chromophoric, fluorescent emission-excitation matrix-parallel factor (EEM–PARAFAC), and two dimension FTIR correlation spectroscopy (2D–FITR–COS). The adsorption behaviors of all samples can be reasonably explained by Langmuir and Frendlich isotherm models, and the HMW-NOM exhibited higher adsorption capacities and affinities (4.71 mg-C/g) than the bulk (3.88 mg-C/g) and LMW- (2.44 mg-C/g) counterparts. Irrespective of MWs, the non-aromatic moieties were preferentially adsorbed by ferrihydrites, causing an enhanced aromaticity for the residual solutions. Two humic-like and one protein-like component were identified by EEM–PARAFAC, and a increase and decrease trend of Ka (adsorption affinity) were observed for humic- and protein-like components, respectively, in the order of LMW-, bulk, and HMW-NOM, showing obvious MW- and component-dependent adsorption fractionation of NOM on ferrihydrite colloids. 2D–FTIR–COS provided further information that, with increasing site limitation, the C–O in carbohydrate was adsorbed prior to the amide I in proteins, which testified the MW-dependent adsorption fractionation of NOM samples and accounted for the enhanced aromaticity in the residual solutions. This study highlighted the importance of MWs in NOM adsorption, which can enhance our understanding of the biogeochemical cycles of colloids and contaminants in aquatic environments.

Germanium speciation using liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry: Germanium in biological and chemical leaching solutions of fine-grained residues from copper smelting

A new method for the speciation analysis of inorganic germanium (Ge(OH)4), monomethylgermanium (MMGe) and dimethylgermanium (DMGe) in complex acidic aqueous leachates by liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS) was developed. The species are separated using anion exchange chromatography with tartrate added as complexing agent. When tartrate was added to the sample and the eluent chromatography was not affected by sulfate concentrations up to 100 mM. The He collision mode (MS/MS mode) removes polyatomic plasma- and matrix-based interferences, thus providing the selectivity in Ge speciation required for the complex samples. With LOQs of 62 ng L−1 (DMGe), 67 ng L−1 (MMGe) and 164 ng L−1 (Ge(OH)4) the method was sufficiently sensitive for the intended application. The developed method was applied to biological and chemical leachates of sulfidic flue dust from copper shale smelting (Theisen sludge). Only small amounts of methylated Ge species were determined next to inorganic Ge in these leachates.

Intergrain Connection of Organometal Halide Perovskites: Formation Mechanism and Its Effects on Optoelectrical Properties.

Two-step processes are commonly used for the fabrication of organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells; they convert a PbI2 film to a perovskite film by dipping it in CH3NH3I (MAI) solution or spin-coating the MAI solution onto it. Dipping yields perovskite films with discrete and rough morphologies, whereas spinning yields films with smooth and connected morphologies. The residual MAI solution that remains after spinning is the key factor that governs the smoothness of the resulting morphology; centrifugal force has no influence. A perovskite layer forms as soon as the MAI solution is loaded onto the PbI2 film, then the MAI residues left after spinning dissolve this outermost perovskite layer. The subsequent recrystallization of the dissolved perovskites increases the connectivity and smoothness of the crystals. The final morphology is dependent on the degrees of dissolution and recrystallization, which can be controlled by varying the processing conditions. A post-thermal treatment can be applied to induce the additional dissolution of the perovskites, which results in an increase in the final grain size while maintaining good connectivity. Combining these results, we fabricated an optimal film morphology that gives rise to perovskite solar cells with improved efficiency. The optimal perovskite film has a smooth and connected morphology as well as better carrier transport than rough and discrete films. This article provides fundamental understanding of the mechanism of formation during two-step processes of connected perovskite morphologies that can guide the further development of two-step processes for the fabrication of optimal perovskite morphologies.

Recovery of Th(IV) from leaching solutions of rare earth residues using a synergistic solvent extraction system consisting of Cyanex 572 and n-octyl diphenyl phosphate (ODP)

The synergistic effect of mixed Cyanex 572 and n-octyl diphenyl phosphate for Th(IV) extraction from nitric acid solution has been investigated in this paper. The effect of acidity together with mole fraction of extractant on the synergistic effect was studied. Based on the obtained results, the maximal synergistic enhancement coefficient reaches 12.40 at a ratio of 1:2 of Cyanex 572 and n-octyl diphenyl phosphate. Under the experimental conditions, the phase separation performance, stripping property and selectivity of Th and REE in the mixed extraction system are better than those from individual Cyanex 572 or n-octyl diphenyl phosphate system. The synergistic extraction mechanism for Th(IV) in nitric acid medium is proposed as Thaq4++HA2org+2.5Borg+3NO3−aq↔KexThNO33HA2B2.5org+Haq+. The mixed extraction system is successfully used for the separation of Th(IV) and REE(III) from the industrial feed solution leached from ion-absorbed type rare earth mineral waste residue. Lower stripping acid, stronger extraction ability, better phase separation performance and selectivity provide the synergistic extraction system with good application prospects.

Determination of Bisphenol A in Beverages by an Electrochemical Sensor Based on Rh2O3/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites

A novel electrochemical sensor, based on a Rh2O3–reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite modified carbon electrode, has been developed for detecting bisphenol A (BPA) in beverages. The prepared Rh2O3/rGO and its precursor materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Under optimum conditions, the sensor presented good electrochemical performance for analyzing BPA, with a linear range of 0.6–40 μM, detection limit of 0.12 μM, good reproducibility, and excellent stability. The good performance can be attributed to the combination of the good catalytic properties of Rh2O3 and good conductivity of rGO. The sensor is directly used for detecting BPA in the residual solutions of four beverages after simple filtration, with satisfactory recoveries of 93–99%.

Paper Analytic Device to Detect the Presence of Four Chemotherapy Drugs

A paper analytic device, the chemoPAD, was developed and validated to visually detect methotrexate, doxorubicin, cisplatin, and oxaliplatin at concentrations commonly found in injectable dosage forms. By testing residual solution after patient treatment, the chemoPAD can be used to monitor drug quality without restriction of patient access to medication. The chemoPAD is produced by wax printing on Ahlstrom paper to create separate reaction areas and deposits small amounts of chemicals to create color changes in response to different active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). This creates a unique color bar code to identify each medication. Internal validation studies show that the chemoPAD has excellent sensitivity and specificity to differentiate between samples of 100% and 0% API, which is the distinction relevant to the majority of reported falsified chemotherapy cases. The platinum-containing drugs, cisplatin and oxaliplatin, can be detected semiquantitatively. The cards can be read either visually by comparison with a standard image or by using computer image analysis. Dosage forms were collected from the Ethiopian health care system and analyzed with the chemoPAD followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. A substandard sample was discovered and reported to the Ethiopian Food Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority.

Effect of annealing time and phosphorus addition on bake hardening behavior of ultra-low carbon bake hardening steel

The relationship of the P and C grain boundary segregation and its effect on bake hardening behavior were investigated in ultra-low carbon bake hardening (ULC-BH) steel with and without P addition annealed at 810 °C for various time using electron probe micro-analyzer, electron backscattered diffraction, and three-dimensional atomic probe techniques. Results revealed that P addition and annealing duration considerably affected the bake hardening behavior of experimental steel. The BH value of ULC-BH steel without P addition is lower than that with P addition within a short annealing time, and the difference in the BH value gradually decreases as the annealing duration is prolonged. P segregation is dominant in terms of a high P bulk content in steels with P addition at the expense of C segregation during annealing. By contrast, opposite effects are observed in low carbon bake hardening steel. The high residual solute C content in steel with P addition is due to P segregation at the grain boundary. Site competition is mainly responsible for the lower BH value in ULC-BH steel without P addition than that with P addition. As the annealing time is further extended, C segregation begins at grain boundary despite the delayed P segregation, leading to a gradual decrease in the solute concentration in the matrix of steels with P addition. C and P segregations reach the equilibrium as the annealing time increases to 60 min at 810 °C in the two steel samples. Theoretical calculations reveal that the residual solute C concentration in the matrix decreases to zero, and this finding is consistent with the change trend of the bake hardening value. Hence, the C segregation at grain boundary adversely influences the bake hardening property of ULC-BH steel.

Rapid and selective recovery of palladium from platinum group metals and base metals using a thioamide-modified calix[4]arene extractant in environmentally friendly hydrocarbon fluids

A novel macrocyclic calix[4]arene extractant having a long alkyl chain thioamide, 25,26,27,28-tetrakis(N-n-octylthiocarbamoyl)methoxy-5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (1), was synthesized from 25,26,27,28-tetrakis(N-n-octylcarbamoyl)methoxy-5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (2) using Lawesson’s reagent. Extractant 1 was characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The Pd(II) extraction abilities of 1 and 2 were studied in high-boiling-point and environmentally friendly hydrocarbon diluents. Pd(II) extraction experiments were conducted using single-metal Pd(II) solutions, simulated mixed palladium group metal (PGM) solutions, and acid-leached automotive catalyst residue solutions. Different experimental conditions, including the shaking time, HCl/HNO3 concentration, Pd(II) concentration, extractant concentration, and the organic/aqueous phase ratio, were studied systematically. Extractant 1 showed very selective (> 99.9%) Pd(II) extraction from the mixed PGM/base metal solutions and the acid-leached automotive catalyst residue solution. Conversely, the Pd(II) extraction ability of extractant 2 was found to be negligible. Extractant 1 showed very fast extraction kinetics and a high extraction capacity as compared to those of the commercial extractant di-n-octyl sulfide. Effective stripping of Pd(II) from 1 was performed using HCI, HNO3, NH3, and HCl-thiourea solutions. Furthermore, 1 was successfully recycled over five extraction/stripping cycles. The Pd(II) extraction mechanism of 1 was studied using FT-IR spectroscopy. Extractant 1 exhibited very selective Pd(II) extraction and high acid stability, demonstrating its industrial applicability for the extraction of Pd(II) from leached automotive catalyst liquors containing PGMs and base metals.

Theranostic Infection‐Responsive Coating to In Situ Detect and Prevent Urinary Catheter Blockage

AbstractBiofilm formation induced by urease‐producing species can cause the increase of urine pH, and eventually lead to the blockage of catheters. In this study, a novel theranostic multilayer coating which combines both early visual warning of catheter blockage and antibacterial efficacy is described. The proposed coating comprised multilayered polymeric architecture using electrostatic self‐assembly (ESA) technique. In such a system, an inner layer of hydrogel PAA (poly (acrylic acid)) and middle layer of CS (chitosan) are employed to encapsulate an antibiotic delivery system that has sensitive colorimetric transition response upon pH elevation. The two layers are sealed and capped by a pH‐response layer of EUDRAGITS 100. The proposed coating sensor hydrogel exhibits chromatic color transitions (blue–purple–red) upon bacterial infection and provides an indication for both initial bacterial infection and subsequent blockage. Meanwhile, encapsulation of antimicrobials increases the amount of antibiotic resident in the vicinity of bacteria in residual urine solution and thus inhibiting bacterial growth.

Multi-source random excitation identification for stochastic structures based on matrix perturbation and modified regularization method

Abstract In view of the characteristic of pseudo excitation and effects of the regularization parameter λ on the residual norm and solution norm, a novel modified regularization method is proposed to solve the ill-posed problem and mitigate the error propagation of random dynamic loads identification. Compared with Moore-Penrose pseudo inverse and Tikhonov regularization methods that are sensitive to the selection of measurement locations, the proposed modified regularization method can always identify the loads accurately and stably regardless of measurement locations. In addition, the identified loads always match the actual ones from low to high frequency domains using the proposed modified regularization method. Furthermore, the matrix perturbation method is combined with the modified regularization method to analyze the multisource loads acting on the uncertain structure. Several practical engineering examples are conducted to demonstrate that the lower and upper bounds of identified forces can be obtained, which clearly validates the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed methods in the application of complicated structures.

Strategies for crystal violet dye sorption on biochar derived from mango leaves and evaluation of residual dye toxicity

The present study aimed to determine the sorption behaviour of crystal violet (CV) dye on mango leaves biochar (MLBC) prepared at 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C. Response surface methodology (RSM) was executed to evaluate the interactive effect of four process variables on the sorption of CV dye using Box-Behnken design. The quadratic model showed significance of model for the responses which were validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Maximum sorption (99.85%) of CV dye (2500 mg/L) was demonstrated on MLBC (800 °C) within 48 min of incubation at pH 8 and 47 °C temperature. The point of zero charge (pHpzc) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surfaces (BET) of MLBC were 7.7 and 168.23 m2 g−1, respectively. In addition, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), total organic carbon (TOC) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) techniques were employed to characterize the biomass and MLBC. Toxicological studies of residual CV dye were executed using seed germination and tilapia fish model. Histological assessment of the gills showed no alterations in the gills architecture of fishes exposed to MLBC treated residual CV dye solution. Therefore, the present experimental results strongly revealed the strategies for utilizing low-cost biomass to treat waste water containing hazardous textile dyes.

Aerofloral investigation and allergenic potentials of two dominant airborne pollen types at selected sites in South-western Nigeria

Airborne pollen triggers immune cells to release inflammatory chemical mediators, inducing respiratory conditions among susceptible individuals. This present study aimed at investigating the monthly depositional rate of pollen and fern spores with the aid of a modified Tauber pollen sampler, for a period of 1 year, examining airborne pollen–vegetation relationships and allergenic potentials of dominant airborne pollen types at selected study sites in Osun and Ogun states, South-western Nigeria. This involved collection, acetolysis and microscopy of residual solutions. Plants within the immediate vegetation of these sites were enumerated. Crude protein contents were extracted from pollen of Tridax procumbens L. (dominant in Osun state) and Alchornea cordifolia (Schum. & Thonn.) Mull. Arg. (dominant in Osun and Ogun states), used in Mus musculus sensitization. Blood samples were obtained from the pre-orbital vein of M. musculus L., processed for haematological (differential and total white blood cell counts) and serological studies. ELISA was employed in measuring the levels of serological parameters: IgE and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-5 and IL-13). Statistical significance (P < .05) was tested in the correlation between the levels of haematological and serological parameters elicited by each test group, differences between the levels of haematological and serological parameters elicited by each test group and those of the control, as well as at varied sensitization periods. In the results obtained, airborne pollen types of A. cordifolia, T. procumbens, Elaeis guineensis Jacq. and Poaceae were dominant in Osun state; A. cordifolia, Senna sp. and Poaceae were dominant in Ogun state. Spores of Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott, Pteris sp. and a trilete fern were also recovered. Some pollen types were produced by local plants at the study sites. Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils were the identified differential white blood cells. Statistical significance was observed in the correlation between the levels of certain haematological and serological parameters elicited by the test groups, differences between the levels of certain haematological and serological parameters elicited by each test group and those of the control, as well as at some sensitization periods. Hair loss (alopecia) was observed on the skin of a M. musculus in the A. cordifolia test group. This study has identified potential pollen allergens at the study sites; hence, their allergenicity should be further conducted on humans.