Residual Products Research Articles

Co-Pyrolysis of Woody Biomass and Oil Shale—A Kinetics and Modelling Study

The co-pyrolysis of biomass and fossil fuels has been the subject of studies on sustainable energy. Co-feeding oil shale with woody biomass can contribute to a transition into carbon neutrality. The present study analysed the thermal decomposition behaviour of oil shale and biomass blends (0:1, 3:7, 1:1, 7:3, 9:1, and 1:0) through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at 80–630 °C with a heating rate of 10 °C/min in CO2 and N2 atmospheres. A comparison of theoretical and experimental residual mass yields of oil shale–biomass mixtures indicated no significant interactions between the fuels. The blends contributed to a decrease of up to 34.4 wt% in solid residues compared to individual pyrolysis of oil shale, and the TGA curves were shifted from up to 10 °C to a lower temperature when the biomass ratio increased. The use of a CO2 atmosphere resulted in the production of solid residues, comparable to the one obtained with the N2 atmosphere. CO2 atmosphere can be used in oil shale–biomass co-pyrolysis, without affecting the decomposition process or increasing the yield of residues. A kinetic model method is proposed based on TGA data at 10, 20, and 30 °C/min. The apparent activation energies for a temperature range of 200–520 °C were in the order of 139, 155, 164, 197, 154, and 167 kJ/mol for oil shale–biomass 0:1, 3:7, 1:1, 7:3, 9:1, and 1:0 blends, respectively. From the isoconversional kinetic analysis, a two-stage pyrolysis was observed, which separated biomass and oil shale pyrolysis. A simulation of biomass and oil shale co-pyrolysis was conducted in Aspen Plus® using TGA-derived kinetic data. The model prediction resulted in a close match with the experimental thermogravimetric data with absolute errors from 1.75 to 3.78%, which highlights the relevance of TGA analysis in simulating co-pyrolysis processes.

Asuhan Keperawatan Kritis Pada Pasien Chronic Kidney Disease CKD Dengan Intervensi Inovasi Memberikan Nutrisi Enteral Menggunakan Metode Intermiten Feeding Untuk Mengurangi Produksi Residu Lambung di Ruang ICU RSU Kabupaten Tengerang

Background: Critical care developed starting from a need for patients experiencing life-threatening illnesses that could be better met if the patient was cared for in a different room. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is defined as a decrease in kidney function characterized by a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 that occurs for more than 3 months (Mahesvara, 2020). Nutrition is an important part of the management of critical patients such as those suffering from advanced Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Providing nutrition to critical patients is to encourage the healing process. Inaccuracy in administering enteral nutrition can cause complications such as high gastric residual volume, gastric retention, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. High gastric residues during enteral nutrition increase the risk of pulmonary aspiration which is the most severe complication of enteral nutrition. Intermittent feeding is one method of providing enteral nutrition to prevent these complications. The aim of this research is to provide comprehensive nursing care for patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). This writing method uses patient intervention and observation carried out for three days, to determine the patient's condition and provide appropriate nursing care which is then documented. Results: Based on the results of the intervention and monitoring carried out, it can be concluded that there are differences in the conditions of gastric residue production before and after the enteral feeding intervention using the intermittent feeding method. With the result criteria of maintaining nutritious food intake increases. Conclusion: In critical patients there is a slowdown in gastric emptying and intestinal motility so that if enteral nutrition is given quickly into the stomach there will be an increase in gastric residue. Nursing action as an evidence base that can be given is in the form of providing enteral nutrition using the intermittent feeding method so that the stomach can be better prepared to receive nutrition because it is given gradually, a stomach that is not completely filled will be able to digest food better and the stomach will empty more quickly, thereby reducing the risk of aspiration.

Selenium reduction of ubiquinone via SQOR suppresses ferroptosis.

The canonical biological function of selenium is in the production of selenocysteine residues of selenoproteins, and this forms the basis for its role as an essential antioxidant and cytoprotective micronutrient. Here we demonstrate that, via its metabolic intermediate hydrogen selenide, selenium reduces ubiquinone in the mitochondria through catalysis by sulfide quinone oxidoreductase. Through this mechanism, selenium rapidly protects against lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in a timescale that precedes selenoprotein production, doing so even when selenoprotein production has been eliminated. Our findings identify a regulatory mechanism against ferroptosis that implicates sulfide quinone oxidoreductase and expands our understanding of selenium in biology.

Research on the Erosion of Gun Barrel Based on Vented Vessel Tests

The vented vessel test, as an alternation of the firing practice, is implemented to reconstruct the deterioration process of the gun barrel suffering the thermochemical erosion by propellant combustion gas. High pressure of over 300 MPa with a duration exceeding 20 ms is applied on the rifled specimen. A phase transition layer about 136 μm is observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) from the cross section of the test specimen. Some residual oxidation products of the iron can be detected by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) on parts of the inner surface. A comprehensive erosion analysis is conducted, which estimates that the mass loss of the specimen is mainly attributed to the periodical formation and peeling of the chemical reaction layer on the bore surface. The most severely eroded part is located on the corner of the land. On the basis of the examined erosion mechanisms, a proper thermochemical erosion model is employed. The mass dissipation and the geometry evolution under continuous firing are simulated using finite element method (FEM). The simulation phenomenon shows good consistency with results of the experimental tests.

The Utilization of Sugarcane Bagasse as Turbine Drive Fuel in Steam Power Plant at PG. Kebon Agung

The use of energy by society is increasing and is not matched by the availability of raw materials. Fuel oil and coal are dwindling and even running out. Therefore, to overcome this problem the government issued Presidential Regulation No. 5 of 2006 concerning the National Energy Policy, where the utilization of biofuels is targeted at 2% in 2010 and 5% in 2025. To overcome this, methods are carried out by using renewable fuels and processing residual production materials such as the use of bagasse waste as fuel. Electrical energy sources from PLN and power plants in Indonesia are the main sources of electricity distribution used by consumers (industry). At PG. Kebon Agung has its own 4 steam power plants to meet the electrical energy needs needed to drive production machinery. Utilization of bagasse has the potential as a renewable fuel as a substitute for coal to gain resource and cost efficiency. In this study, the authors attach a cost comparison to the use of bagasse with other fuels, a comparison of the use of electrical energy from PLTU with PLN, and waste treatment to get efficiency and benefits in terms of costs and natural resources. With this research, it is hoped that readers can save resources and increase the efficiency of using biomass fuels.

Degradation of sulfonamide antibiotic via UV/MgO2 system: kinetic, application, and mechanism.

In response to antibiotic residues in the water, a novel advanced oxidation technology based on MgO2 was used to remediate sulfamethazine (SMTZ) pollution in aquatic environments. Upon appropriate regulation, the remarkable removal efficiency of SMTZ was observed in a UV/MgO2 system, and the pseudo-first-order reaction constant reached 0.4074 min-1. In addition, the better performance of the UV/MgO2 system in a weak acid environment was discovered. During the removal of SMTZ, the pathways of SMTZ degradation were deduced, including nitration, ring opening, and group loss. In the mineralization exploration, the further removal of residual products of SMTZ by the UV/MgO2 system was visually demonstrated. The qualitative and quantitative researches as well as the roles of reactive species were valuated, which revealed the important role of ·O2-. Common co-existing substances in actual wastewater such as NO3- HA, Cl-, Fe2+, Co2+, and Mn2+ can slightly inhibit the degradation of SMTZ in the UV/MgO2 system. Finally, the capacity of efficient degradation of SMTZ in actual wastewater by the UV/MgO2 system was proved. The results indicated that the innovative UV/MgO2 system was of great practical application prospect in antibiotic residue wastewater remediation.

Durum Wheat Production and Soil Chemical Properties in Response to Three Biannual Rotation Cycles with Residue Incorporation

Crop rotations incorporating residues generates benefits in productivity and a better efficiency of resources. However, the incorporation of residues in high quantities is not a common practice, given the lack of comprehension of farmers of the effects on the following crop. This experiment was carried out in an Andisol soil in south-central of Chile. Three biannual rotation cycles (canola-durum wheat and bean-durum wheat) with four levels of residue incorporation (0%, 50%, 100% and 200%) were evaluated on the evolution of grain yield and production of durum wheat residues, and on chemical properties of the soil at the end of the three cycles. The results indicated that pre-cultivation affected the grain yield and residue production of durum wheat, highlighting the positive effect of the bean. In soil, a higher concentration of available N and exchangeable Ca, Mg and K was obtained in the bean-durum wheat rotation, and a higher concentration of available S in the canola- durum wheat rotation. By increasing the dose of waste, an increase in the concentrations of exchangeable Ca, Mg and K was achieved. Finally, the chemical properties of the soil presented positive and negative correlations associated with the management of liming, fertilization and nutrients mostly present in the incorporated waste. This study helped to validate that the continuous incorporation of the residues produced within the rotations in this volcanic soil contributes to the improvement of some of its chemical properties with no effect of yield of the durum wheat crop.

On the solution set of additive and multiplicative congruences modulo primes

Let p be an odd prime. In this paper, analogs of Wilson?s and Wolstenholme?s theorems on the solution sets S+ = {n ? Z* p | n ? a + b ? ab (mod p)} and S? = {n ? Z* p | n ? a ? b ? ab (mod p)} are given, where Z* p denote a reduced residue system modulo p. We also establish congruences about sum and product of the quadratic residues in S+ or in S? modulo p. Finally, we raise a problem on how to solve Hadamard?s conjecture in the last section.

Monte Carlo simulation of spallation fragments cross-sections and yield for proton beam interaction with 222Rn

Accurate determination of cross-sections for residual radionuclide products (spallation fragments) resulting from proton spallation reactions is imperative for the detection of primary and secondary particles etc. Experimental measurement of these cross-sections faces challenges due to the complexities associated with target preparation and detection of spallation fragments. Monte Carlo simulations have emerged as a potent tool for estimation of spallation fragments yield. This research, with introducing an innovative formulation method based on spallation yield, focuses on calculating the cross-section for the detection of primary and secondary particles in particle interaction with matter. Investigations indicate that the introduced method achieves remarkable agreement, ranging from 85.4% to 95.15%, with experimental outcomes at MeV energies. Consequently, this method can confidently be utilized for calculating the spallation cross-section fragments. In a case study, the spallation fragment cross-section was calculated for proton beam interaction with 222Rn in the range of 10 MeV to 60 MeV for the application of 222Rn detection. Among the 28 common spallation products of radon with the proton interaction in the energy range of 10 MeV to 60 MeV, elements 106Mo, 109Tc, 118Cd, 112Ru, 110Pd, and 114Rh exhibit dominant spallation cross-sections, emphasizing their exceptional significance.

Energy efficiency of grazing Hereford heifers classified by paternal residual feed intake

Abstract Residual feed intake (RFI) has become a widely spread index of feed efficiency. Although most of beef cattle systems in the world are pasture based, RFI evaluation and research is usually performed in confinement conditions. In this context, residual heat production (RHP) estimated as the difference between actual and expected heat production (HP), could allow to identify efficient animals. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the relationship between paternal estimated breeding values (EBV) for RFI and beef heifer efficiency, measured as RHP, as well as its association with heifers’ productive and reproductive performance on grazing conditions. Seventy-one 25 ± 0.8-mo-old and seventy-four 24 ± 0.7-mo-old Hereford heifers were managed as contemporary groups in spring 2019 and 2020, respectively. Heifers were sired by 10 RFI-evaluated bulls and classified into three groups according to the paternal EBV for RFI: five bulls of low RFI (high efficiency, pHE), two bulls of medium RFI (medium efficiency), and three bulls of high RFI (low efficiency, pLE). The experimental period lasted 70 d prior to their first insemination where HP was determined by the heart rate-O2 pulse technique. In addition, reproductive performances during the first and second breeding and calving seasons were recorded. Heifers’ RHPs expressed as MJ/d and kJ/kg of body weight (BW)0.75/d were positively correlated with paternal RFI EBVs (P < 0.05; r > 0.60). Moreover, BW and average daily gain (ADG) were greater (P < 0.01) for pHE than pLE heifers while expressed as units of BW0.75/d, neither total HP nor metabolizable energy (ME) intake differed between groups, but pHE heifers had greater retained energy (RE; P < 0.01) and lower RHP (P < 0.05) than pLE ones. Gross energy efficiency (RE/ME intake) was greater (P < 0.001) for pHE than pLE heifers while the HP/ADG and RHP/ADG were reduced (P < 0.05) and feed-to-gain ratio (ADG/DM intake) tended to be greater (P = 0.07) for pHE than pLE heifers. In addition, during the first breeding and calving seasons, small but significant (P < 0.01) differences in reproductive responses between groups suggested an earlier pregnancy in pHE heifers than the pLE group, differences that disappeared during the second breeding and calving seasons. Thus, heifers sired by high-efficiency bulls measured as RFI were more efficient measured as RHP in grazing conditions, without significant differences in reproductive performance.

Delayed Graft Function After Kidney Transplantation: The Role of Residual Diuresis and Waste Products, as Oxalic Acid and Its Precursors.

Delayed graft function (DGF) after kidney transplantation heralds a worse prognosis. In patients with hyperoxaluria, the incidence of DGF is high. Oxalic acid is a waste product that accumulates when kidney function decreases. We hypothesize that residual diuresis and accumulated waste products influence the DGF incidence. Patients transplanted between 2018-2022 participated in the prospective cohort study. Pre-transplant concentrations of oxalic acid and its precursors were determined. Data on residual diuresis and other recipient, donor or transplant related variables were collected. 496 patients were included, 154 were not on dialysis. Oxalic acid, and glyoxylic acid, were above upper normal concentrations in 98.8%, and 100% of patients. Residual diuresis was ≤150mL/min in 24% of patients. DGF occurred in 157 patients. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant influence of dialysis type, recipient BMI, donor type, age, and serum creatinine on the DGF risk. Residual diuresis and glycolic acid concentration were inversely proportionally related to this risk, glyoxylic acid directly proportionally. Results in the dialysis population showed the same results, but glyoxylic acid lacked significance. In conclusion, low residual diuresis is associated with increased DGF incidence. Possibly accumulated waste products also play a role. Pre-emptive transplantation may decrease the incidence of DGF.

Determining residual product life considering multiple degradation processes and variable load-ing

Determining residual product life considering multiple degradation processes and variable load-ing

Investigation on Feasibility of Utilizing Coffee-Husk Ash as an Alkaline Activator in Geopolymer Concrete

Cement production is the major source of global warming which induces 7% of total greenhouse gas emissions. Reducing the use of cement in construction industry needs to be adopted by any of the alternates. One of the best alternates to reduce the impact caused by the cement production process is geopolymer concrete which can completely replace the usage of cement. Geopolymer is trending technology which possess numerous advantages than ordinary Portland cement concrete technology. Geopolymer is produced by the mixing of solid precursor and monomer. Most widely used solid precursors are waste industrial byproducts such as fly ash, GGBS, metakaolin etc., and monomers are alkaline activators like sodium hydroxide and Na2SiO3. Meanwhile, the properties of geopolymer concrete are decided by the various parameters such as quantity of aluminosilicate source in precursor, ratio of NaO/SiO2, SiO2/Al2O3, NaOH/NaSiO3, solution to binder ratio, concentration of NaOH etc., The alkaline activators mostly used are chemical activators which is harmful to humans. Hence, there is a need of finding an alternate for chemical activators in the geopolymer concrete. In this proposed methodology, the chemical alkaline activators have been completely replaced by the waste residue product named coffee husk. Coffee husk is a residue produced from the coffee powder production industry. A total of 18.29 MMT of coffee husk ash has been produced every year. Coffee husk has an inbuilt composition of potassium which is one of the alkaline activators. However, the coffee husk ash needs to be calcinated by the use of oven before to use. In this research, an attempt has been made to utilize the Coffee husk ash (CA), as an alkaline activator and efficient activation mechanism of CA will be examined.

TECHNOLOGY OF RELATED COKING OF HEAVY OIL RESIDUE WITH THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE BOTTLE REST IN THE PROCESS

The need to increase the depth of processing of oil and hydrocarbon-containing raw materials entails the need for qualified processing of residual products in order to use them more efficiently. This paper shows the role of a delayed coking unit in the processing of heavy oil residues and the deepening of oil refining, as well as the state of the global and Russian coke production market. An analysis of various heavy coking gas oils was carried out according to their initial physicochemical characteristics and type of origin. Material balances of coking in a laboratory installation of various heavy coking gas oils and their influence on the material balance of the installation as a whole were compiled. A number of promising areas of research for further improvement of the process are identified. The data obtained can be used when designing new capacities during the construction of delayed coking units at oil refineries to improve the physical and chemical characteristics of intermediate products and increase the yield of light oil products.

Spermatozoa in mice lacking the nucleoporin NUP210L show defects in head shape and motility but not in nuclear compaction or histone replacement.

Biallelic loss-of-function mutation of NUP210L, encoding a testis-specific nucleoporin, has been reported in an infertile man whose spermatozoa show uncondensed heads and histone retention. Mice with a homozygous transgene intronic insertion in Nup210l were infertile but spermatozoa had condensed heads. Expression from this insertion allele is undefined, however, and residual NUP210L production could underlie the milder phenotype. To resolve this issue, we have created Nup210lem1Mjmm , a null allele of Nup210l, in the mouse. Nup210lem1Mjmm homozygotes show uniform mild anomalies of sperm head morphology and decreased motility, but nuclear compaction and histone removal appear unaffected. Thus, our mouse model does not support that NUP210L loss alone blocks spermatid nuclear compaction. Re-analyzing the patient's exome data, we identified a rare, potentially pathogenic, heterozygous variant in nucleoporin gene NUP153 (p.Pro485Leu), and showed that, in mouse and human, NUP210L and NUP153 colocalize at the caudal nuclear pole in elongating spermatids and spermatozoa. Unexpectedly, in round spermatids, NUP210L and NUP153 localisation differs between mouse (nucleoplasm) and human (nuclear periphery). Our data suggest two explanations for the increased phenotypic severity associated with NUP210L loss in human compared to mouse: a genetic variant in human NUP153 (p.Pro485Leu), and inter-species divergence in nuclear pore function in round spermatids.

Three Biannual Rotations Cycles with Residue Incorporation Affect Wheat Production and Chemical Soil Properties.

There are few reports of crop rotations with high residue incorporation in terms of their effects on indicator crop yields and soil properties, so this study evaluated the effect of two medium-term biannual rotations on wheat yield development and soil chemical properties after six years of rotation. The experiment was conducted with two biannual rotations (canola-wheat and bean-wheat) and four residue incorporation levels (0%, 50%, 100%, and 200%) in an Andisol in south central Chile. Wheat grain yield and residue production were evaluated during each biannual cycle during three cycles of crop rotation, and soil chemical properties were evaluated at final evaluation. The use of beans as a wheat preculture partially improved grain yield in 7.3%. The chemical properties of the soil showed an increase in pH (0.08 units), organic matter content (15 g kg-1), and concentrations of P (2.8 mg kg-1), S (7.4 mg kg-1), and Al (0.03 cmol+ kg-1) after canola cultivation, while after bean cultivation there was an increase in the available N concentration (3.7 mg kg-1). The use of increasing doses of residue allowed for an increase in the soil pH and decrease in the exchangeable Al concentration. The continuous incorporation of the residues produced within the biannual rotations evaluated in this volcanic soil did contribute to improving some chemical properties of the soil without affecting wheat crop yield.

Application of Fatty Acids Distillation Products as a Substitute for Heavy Fuel Oil in Stationary Combustion Chambers

Liquid biofuels are of special interest due to the possibility of their application as a substitute for fossil liquid fuels. The necessary step is to investigate the possibility of bio-fuel application in terms of its properties and similarities to fossil liquid fuels (e.g., crude oil, heavy fuel oil, diesel). The properties and combustion performance of heavy fuel oil (HFO) and products of the fatty acids distillation residues (FADR) were analyzed in this study. The application of animal-fat-delivered fuels is fully suggested in the literature. Nevertheless, the investigations focused on the raw materials or their transformation into diesel. The novelty of this paper is the utilization of FADR as a substitute for HFO. The utilization of FADR allows the use of this material as a feedstock to obtain valuable products (fuel) and avoids generating waste after animal fat processing. The experimental investigations were carried out using a technical-scale 150 kWth combustion chamber. FADR can be recognized as a substitute for HFO due to its beneficial calorific properties and viscosity. Other beneficial effects are the significantly lower emission of SO2 (lower than 1 ppm) and PAHs (i.e., 355 µg/m3n) during the combustion of FADR. Finally, the application of FADR requires less energy demand for fuel heating and pressurization.

Thermal reaction products and formation pathways of two monoterpenes under in situ thermal desorption conditions that mimic vaping coil temperatures

Vaping has become more popular and different brands and types of vaping devices have rapidly emerged. However, little is known about the potential health risks of human inhalation exposures to the volatile chemicals in the vapour, which includes both directly vaporised components of vaping liquid and their reaction products formed during vaping processes. This study investigated reaction products of two monoterpenes (α-pinene and terpinolene) that are used as flavouring agents in vaping liquids with a focus on the identification of reaction products and their formation pathways. The thermal desorption was conducted under an in situ condition that is in the range of heating coil temperature in vaping by thermally desorbing the chemicals at a temperature range of 100–300 °C. Additional clean air was introduced during the thermal desorption. 36 and 29 reaction products were identified from α-pinene and terpinolene, respectively, at a relative concentration of 0.01% and greater in the desorbed mixture. 3-Carene was the dominant reaction product of α-pinene, while reaction products of terpinolene was dominated by p-isopropenyltoluene. Several reaction pathways including ring opening, allylic oxidation, cyclo-etherification, Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement, epoxidation, cleavage and removal of partial structure, and dehydration were involved in the formation of various reaction products. These pathways and resulting relative concentrations of residual parent compound and reaction products were influenced by both temperature and amount of air present during thermal desorption. The study results demonstrate possible existence of reaction products from thermally labile chemicals like monoterpenes in vaping aerosols and can help inform policies regulating vaping devices and products to protect public health.

Energy efficiency, reproductive performance, and metabolic parameters of grazing Hereford heifers

Feed and energy efficiency have been topics of extensive research in recent years, with residual feed intake (RFI) being the preferred index to determine feed efficiency in beef cattle. Nevertheless, the biggest downside of RFI is that its measurement requires accurately determining individual feed intake, which leads to the need to carry out RFI trials in confinement conditions. In this context, residual heat production (RHP), defined as the difference between observed and predicted heat production, presents an alternative to determine efficiency in grazing conditions as it is independent of feed intake. This work aimed to evaluate the repeatability of RHP and study its relationship with metabolic, endocrine, and reproductive variables. Seventy-four Hereford heifers were used, and at the beginning of the experimental period, heifers were 18 ± 0.7-month-old and weighed on average 278 ± 26 kg. Heat production (HP) was determined at the beginning (March to May; fall) and at the end (September to November; spring) of the experiment using the heart rate-O2 pulse technique to classify heifers according with the residual heat production (RHP). Efficient heifers showed lower HP (P < 0.01), ME (P < 0.01), and DM intake (P < 0.01) without differences in retained energy (RE; only in spring). During fall, average daily gain (ADG) was not included in the estimated HP model; therefore, although, as in RFI, RHP should be independent of BW and ADG, a trend for greater ADG and RE was found for efficient when compared with inefficient heifers. Decreased maintenance requirements (NEm and MEm) as well as higher partial efficiency of use of consumed ME (k) were estimated for more efficient heifers (low RHP; HH), while efficient heifers showed an earlier luteal phase and a shorter service-conception interval and calved earlier in the season, probably associated to an earlier development of fat tissue. Excluding glucose, no major differences were found in the plasma metabolites between groups. However, high-efficiency animals showed positive correlations with cholesterol and negative ones with NEFA plasma concentrations during fall.

Prediction of product yields from lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis based on gaussian process regression

The physicochemical characteristics of biomass, as well as the operational conditions of pyrolysis, are crucial factors that influence the production yield of tri-phase products during the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Gaussian process regression (GPR) algorithms, being significant machine learning algorithms, are utilized for the prediction of pyrolytic product yields. These algorithms take into account the influence of biomass characteristics and pyrolysis conditions in a comprehensive manner. All of the prediction models exhibit strong performance, with R2 values exceeding 0.90 and RMSE values below 0.18. The study employed the Partial Dependence Plot (PDP) method to assess the influence patterns of individual features or interactions between two factors on the pyrolysis products. The findings indicate that the ultimate temperature reached during the pyrolysis process is a critical factor in influencing the generation of gaseous byproducts and solid residues. Specifically, higher temperatures are associated with increased production of gaseous byproducts and decreased production of solid residues. The optimal liquid phase yield was achieved at temperatures between 500 °C and 650 °C. In this research, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm was employed to predict the optimal yields of pyrolysis products. This study offers a novel perspective on predicting product yields from the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass with varying biomass characteristics and under different operational conditions.