Residual Effect Of Fertilizer Research Articles

Residual effects of different manures and fertilizers applied to preceding potato crop on succeeding Mung bean (vigna radiate l.) crop in potato-mung bean-rice cropping pattern

The present study was done at Bangladesh Agricultural University farm to evaluate the field performances of different types of manures viz. cowdung (CD), cowdung slurry (CD slurry), trichocompost (TC), vermicompost (VC), poultry manure (PM) and poultry manure slurry (PM slurry) with chemical fertilizers in the potato-mungbean-T. aman rice cropping pattern during 2011-12 and 2012-13. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design, with three replications and eight treatments including T1 (Control), T2 [HYG based 100% chemical fertilizer (CF)], T3 [CD + CF (IPNS basis)], T4 [CD slurry + CF (IPNS basis)], T5 [PM + CF (IPNS basis)], T6 [PM slurry + CF (IPNS basis)], T7 [TC + CF (IPNS basis)] and T8 [VC + CF (IPNS basis)]. Trichocompost + CF and vermicompost + CF containing treatments produced higher crop yield followed by poultry manure slurry and cowdung slurry. Integrated use of manures and fertilizers gave on an average 6.7-33.7%, 8.3-33.8% and 2.9-18.3% yield increase in potato, mungbean and T. aman rice, respectively over sole application of chemical fertilizers (data not shown). Use of IPNS improved nutrient content and uptake of mungbean. The present study thus indicates that use of manure, especially trichocompost, vermicompost, PM slurry and CD slurry integrated with chemical fertilizers would help increase crop yield and improve soil fertility. However, Trichocompost + CF was the best option in this regard.
 SAARC J. Agri., 16(2): 167-179 (2018)

Integrated phosphorus management in maize-chickpea rotation in moderately-alkaline Inceptisol in Kanpur, India: An agronomic and economic evaluation

Worldwide, input-intensive modern agriculture is accountable for incessant depletion of non-renewable phosphorus (P) reserve. This, in turn, has generated a renewed interest on efficient use of fertilizer P in field crop production, which is equally important for enhancing profitability and mitigating environmental challenges associated with fertilizer P application. In tropical soils, the productivity of field crops is mostly constrained by low availability of P in soil. Given the context, a field experiment was carried out on a moderately-alkaline Inceptisol (pH ˜8.2) for five years to assess the effect of six system-based inorganic fertilizer P treatments (kg P2O5 ha−1) in maize (M)-chickpea (C) rotation [M0-C0, M0-C40, M30-C0, M30-C40, M60-C0, M60-C40], two manure treatments [no farmyard manure (FYM), FYM at 5 t ha−1] and two phosphate solublizing bacteria (PSB) treatments [no treatment, PSB seed treatment in chickpea] on crop performance, system productivity, economics and production sustainability. A strong integrated effect of FYM and fertilizer P was observed on growth and productivity of both the component crops. However, the effect of PSB was marginal. Notably, the treatment M30-C0+FYM had a similar maize yield to that of M60-C40-FYM; and, chickpea grain yield was comparable in the treatments M60-C0+FYM ± PSB and M60-C40-FYM ± PSB, indicating a strong positive effect of FYM in alkaline soil, which was primarily attributed to increased soil available-P. At the end of five-year rotation, soil available-P in absolute control treatment M0-C0-FYM-PSB was depleted by 53%, where an increase of 56% in available-P was observed in the treatment M60-C40+FYM + PSB. In both the component crops, strong correlations (p < 0.01) between grain yields and soil available-P were observed. Residual effect of fertilizer P was observed in the subsequent crop, being higher in chickpea. The scale of residual advantage of fertilizer P was decreased with increase in current fertilizer P rate. Irrespective of FYM and PSB treatments, order of fertilizer P treatments for chickpea equivalent yield (CEY) was M60-C40 > M30-C40 > M0-C40 ≥ M60-C0 > M30-C0 > M0-C0 (p < 0.05). The treatment M60-C40+FYM + PSB led to 18% higher CEY over the treatment M60-C40-FYM-PSB, which in turns fetched additional net returns of INR 14,853. Thus, integrated application of FYM (5 t ha−1) and fertilizer P treatment M30-C40 could be recommended for higher crop productivity and economic return from maize-chickpea rotation in tropical moderately-alkaline soil.

Direct and Residual Effects of Different Levels of Chicken Manure Fertilization on the Growth and Biomass Production of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Brachiaria ruziziensis&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; (Poaceae) at the Bolting in West Cameroon

The direct and residual effects of different levels of chicken manure fertilization on the growth and biomass production of B. ruziziensis at the bolting were studied in West Cameroon. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of chicken manure fertilization on the growth and biomass production of Brachiaria ruziziensis at the bolting. A factorial device comparing five doses of nitrogen into chicken manure (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg N/ha) on plot of 6 m2 (3 × 2 m) in four replicates, (i.e. a total of 20 experimental plots) was used. Chicken manure was spread one month after planting pieces of stump during the first year. In the second year, no fertilization was brought up. 40 plants were harvested by treatment for heights and diameters measurements. The evaluation of stems biomass, leaves and whole plants was done on each plot based on the level of fertilization. The results obtained showed that chicken manure fertilization had a positive effect on the growth and biomass production of the B. ruziziensis on the direct and residual effect of fertilization. Thus, the height, diameters and biomass of whole plants in the fertilized plots were significantly larger than in the control plots. The mineralization of the organic matter contained in the chicken manure with doses of 100 kg N/ha was done on the direct and residual effect in order to assure a maximal plant growth. The level of T4 fertilization (corresponding to the dose of 100 kg N/ha) gave the best results. Referring to the result obtained, the level of T4 fertilization corresponding to 100 kg N/ha would be suitable for an optimal B. ruziziensis growth in order to avoid providing the soil with mineral fertilizer.

“Egusi” melon seed yield, proximate content and soil nutrient changes with poultry manure fertilization

“Egusi” melon (Colocynthis citrullus L.) is a seed vegetable whose yield is limited by nutrient supply. Two field experiments were conducted with “Egusi” melon at the Crops Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria, to evaluate response of poultry manure (PM) rate on seed yield, seed proximate content, and changes in soil nutrients. The study was conducted from May to August 2013 and repeated same period in 2014 using PM at: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 t ha−1. With the first planting, seed yields of 458 and 452 kg ha−1 from applications of 6 and 8 t ha−1 PM were similar with the highest of 522 kg ha−1 from application of 10 t ha−1 PM. The second planting, with residual fertilizer effect had a higher seed yield of 242 kg ha−1 from application of 10 t ha−1 PM. Number of seeds per fruit was higher; 183 seeds per fruit in the first planting and 163 seeds per fruit in the second planting, from plants treated with 10 t ha−1 PM. Shelling percent was comparable in both experiments. It was 19.5% with application of 10 t ha−1 PM and 33.4% with the unfertilized plants for the first planting but was 28.0% with application of 10 t ha−1 PM and 31.3% with the unfertilized plants for the second planting. Seed crude protein, crude fiber and ash contents were enhanced with application of 10 t ha−1 PM. Soil pH in the first planting was reduced from initial 6.8 to 6.6 with the unfertilized plants and to 6.7 with applications of 2 and 10 t ha−1 PM, but increased to 7.1 with application of 6 t ha−1 PM. In the second planting, it was reduced to 5.0 with applications of 0, 2 and 4 t ha−1 PM but to 5.3, 5.1, and 5.2 with applications of 6, 8, and 10 t ha−1 PM, respectively. The initial total N of 0.14% was reduced to 0.12% with applications of 6 and 8 t ha−1 PM but to 0.11% with the other treatments in the first planting; but reduced to 0.08% with applications of 2 and 4 t ha−1 PM and to 0.06 and 0.09% with applications of 8 and 10 t ha−1 PM, respectively, in the second planting. Available P in the first planting was reduced from an initial 17.62 mg kg−1 to 4.32 mg kg−1with the control treatment and to 6.74 and 5.83 mg kg−1 with applications of 2 and 4 t ha−1 PM, respectively, but to 8.32 and 8.24 with applications of 8 and 10 t ha−1 PM, respectively. In the second planting, it was reduced to 1.92 mg kg−1with the control treatment and to 2.53 and 1.81 mg kg−1 with applications of 2 and 4 t ha−1 PM, respectively but to 1.90 and 1.56 with applications of 8 and 10 t ha−1 PM, respectively. Application of 10 t ha−1 PM supplying 19 kg N, 0.5 kg P and 27 kg K per ha was adequate for enhanced seed yield and proximate contents of “Egusi” melon.

Response of crisp lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to organic and inorganic sources of fertilization

The use of organic products to promote plant growth is becoming ever-more important as the paradigm of sustainable production of foodstuffs becomes increasingly common. Accordingly, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the response of lettuce to organic and inorganic sources of nutrients in soils representative of those found in Parana State, Brazil, across successive cultivations. Experimental methodology involved randomized blocks, with5 repetitions. Treatments used were: 1- control (Test);2-100% mineral fertilizer (MF); 3- 100% chicken litter (CL); 4- 100% liquid pig manure (LMP); 5- 50:50 mixture of CL and MF (CL+MF); 6- 50:50 mixture of LMP and MF (LMP+MF) and 7- 50% CA + 50% (CL+LMP). Experimental plot size was 0.7 m², and young Verônica cultivar individuals were planted with a 0.30 x 0.30 m spacing. There were two experimental plantings: in the first, the first using the treatments described above; the second, investigated the residual effect of fertilization of the first planting. For the first cropping, highest wet (326.5 and 315.4 g plant-1)and dry (14.2 and 19.74 g plant-1) above ground biomasses, were obtained with the LMP +MF and CL+MF treatments. No significant differences were encountered for the treatments in the second harvest. The effect of mineral fertilization in the production of Veronica cultivar lettuce, is greatest when it is combined with organic fertilization such as chicken litter (CL) or liquid pig manure (LMP).

THE USE OF BALIPLUS MINERAL FERTILIZER TO INCREASE PRODUCTION AND FARM INCOME OF Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Case Study in Andisol, Baturiti Tabanan Bali)

Increased production of foodstuffs is required in line with increasing population. The tourism sector in Bali needs quality products that are both viable and environmentally friendly. Previous research since 2002-2016, found mineral fertilizer plus can increase the highest production, , increased soil quality, and increased farm income. The research location was in Baturiti Subdistrict. The plant tested was string bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) during first planting and residual effect of first fertilization (second planting). Eight fertilizer treatments: P0=control, P1=organic, P2= mineral, P3=chemical (NPK), P4=combination ½ (organic+chemical), P5=combination ½ (mineral+chemical), P6= Baliplus mineral fertilizer (BMF) =combination ½ (organic+mineral+chemical), and P7=combination ½(organic+mineral)], three replications. Parameters observed were bean weight, storage capacity, and value of farm income. The experimental designed used was Randomized Block Design, with Duncan's real test difference of 5%, using the Costat program. Fertilization was very influential and significantly affected to the production of the first planting and residual effects. The treatment using BMF in the first crop,resulted in the highest production (34.33 tons ha-1), highest production increase (62.92%), longest storage (36%) for one week, and the highest farm income (Rp 334 million ha-1). The P1 treatment showed the lowest production (25 ton ha-1), the lowest increase (18.45%), storage capacity (15.27%), and the lowest farm income (Rp 28.7 million ha-1). String bean with the highest residual effect (16.17 ton ha-1) was obtained in treatment P4. The average production of the remaining effect is 48.62% of the first crop. The use of mineral fertilizers plus bali can increase production, savings, and farm income, and reduce 50% of the use of chemical and organic fertilizers.

Residual effect of organic fertilization on radish production

ABSTRACT this research aimed to evaluate the residual effect of doses of organic compost on the radish production, as well as its effect on soil chemical properties. experiments were conducted in two areas (“low” and “high” soil fertility). prior to this, these areas were first used to evaluate the influence of organic compost doses on endive production. after harvesting endive, radish seeds were sown into the same plots used for endive to evaluate the residual effect. the six treatments consisted of organic compost doses (0, 35, 70, 105, 140 and 175 t ha-1), evaluated in a complete block experimental design, with four replications. vegetative characteristics of radish plants (shoot, root and total fresh and dry matter weight, plant height and root diameter) and soil characteristics (macronutrient content, ph, h+al, organic matter, sum of bases, cation exchange capacity and base saturation) in two dates (11 days after the endive transplant and at the end of the radish cycle) were evaluated. no significant difference was observed for all doses of organic compost in the “low” soil fertility area, obtaining only non-commercial roots (average fresh weight of 5.01 g per root). in the “high” soil fertility area, the higher the organic compost doses, the higher the values of most vegetatitve characteristics of radish plants and the chemical properties of the soil in both dates. for root fresh weight, the values ranged from 4.63 to 9.15 g in the control without organic compost and in the highest dose, respectively. in “high” soil fertility area, only k content in soil has not remained high for all organic compost doses, and the values ranged from 2.8 and 4.5 mmolc dm-3, in control without organic compost and in the highest dose, respectively. the residual effect of organic compost was confirmed by the increasing on the radish production in initial “high”soil fertility area.

Impacts of Residual Phosphorus on the Production of Cowpea in the Cerrado Region

Phosphate fertilizers when applied to the soil, besides being harvested by the crops, promote a residual effect that can be offered to subsequent crops. The objective of this research was to evaluate the residual effect of phosphate fertilization applied to maize cultivation on the successor crop, cowpea, in the Cerrado region in Maranhao. The research was carried out in the experimental area of Federal University of Maranhao (UFMA), located in the city of Chapadinha, MA (3°44'30"S, 43°21'37''W). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with six treatments and four replications. The treatments were composed of the following residual P doses: 0, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 kg·ha-1 of P2O5. The cultivation of cowpea (cultivar BRS guariba) was sown at a spacing of 1.0 × 0.20 m. The cowpea proved to be efficient in the use of residual phosphate fertilization, since it promoted grain yield close to the national average. The cultivation of cowpea in previously cultivated areas is feasible, in order to take advantage of the residual phosphate fertilization in the Cerrado of East of Maranhao. The phosphorus dose applied in the predecessor crop corresponding to 80 kg·ha-1 of P2O5 promoted higher grain yield (393.44 Mg·ha-1) and a greater profit margin (US $326.26). Thus, it is feasible to grow cowpea in previously cultivated areas, in order to take advantage of residual phosphate fertilization.

Influence of nitrogen fertilization on the chemical composition of Paspalum plicatulum at differents phenological stages in the central plateau of Fouta-Djallon

Influence of nitrogen fertilization on the chemical composition of Paspalum plicatulum at differents phenological stages in the central plateau of Fouta-Djallon C. Sawa, F. Tendonkeng, E.Miégoué, G. Nguedia, F Béavogui, M. B. Barry, A. K. Barry, E. Pamo Tedonkeng Abstract The direct and residual effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilization on the chemical composition of Paspalum plicatulum at different phenological stages was conducted at the Bareng Agronomic Research Center in the Central Plateau of Fouta-Djallon between May 2014 and December 2015. A factorial design comparing six nitrogen doses (0 ; 50 ; 100 ; 150 ; 200 and 250 kg N/ha) combined with three phenological stages (bolting, flowering and after seedling) on plots of 8 m² (4 m x 2 m) in four replicates, for a total of 72 experimental plots was used. In the second year, no fertilization was done. A representative sample of 500 g of P. plicatulum whole plants was collected on each plot, separated into stems and leaves, and then dried at 60 °C for the chemical composition evaluation. The results of this study showed that nitrogen fertilization influenced variably the chemical composition of P. plicatulum regardless of the phenological stage and the cutting year. In fact, crude protein, Ash, digestible organic matter, digestible nitrogenous matter and metabolizable energy increased significantly (p<0.05) with the direct and residual effect of nitrogen fertilization up to the optimum dose of 200 kg N/ha. However, dry matter and crude fiber contents of the plant were not significantly influenced by nitrogen fertilization irrespective of the phenological stage during the two years of cutting. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jaes.v7n2a3

Polyhalite as a multi nutrient fertilizer – potassium, magnesium, calcium and sulfate

Polyhalite is a hydrated sulfate of potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) with the formula: K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4·2H2O. The main objective of the present study was to investigate and compare the efficiency of polyhalite as a fertilizer supplying K, Ca, Mg and sulfur (S) relative to equivalent soluble salts. The specific objectives were to investigate: 1. The release and transport of Ca, Mg, K and S in soil; 2. Uptake of these minerals by wheat plants and 3. Biomass production of wheat plants. To meet these objectives, two pot experiments (20 l pots filled with dune sand) were conducted in which the effects of four doses of polyhalite (0, 500, 1,500 and 2,500 kg/ha) and one dose of Ca, Mg and K sulfate salts (equivalent to the 1500 kg/ha polyhalite dose) were investigated. In a third experiment, residual effects of the fertilizers were studied using the pots from the first experiment. Different leaching fractions were used in the experiments (30% in the first one and 7–10% in the second and third experiments), to investigate the effect of water management on mineral transportation in the soil and plant uptake. Polyhalite was found to be a more efficient fertilizer for supplying K, Ca, Mg and S relative to equivalent soluble salts. To meet the plant required ratios for Ca, Mg and K, the polyhalite dose should be applied accordingly to provide sufficient Ca and Mg, and additional fertilizers should be used as a source of K. Transport and leaching of Ca, Mg, K and S in soil following polyhalite application was lower than following the application of the equivalent sulfate salts. The residual effect of polyhalite fertilizer on the subsequently grown crop was higher than the effect from the equivalent sulfate salts, especially regarding Ca, Mg and S. Irrigation management, as determined by the leaching fraction, has a strong impact on the efficiency of polyhalite as a source of K, Ca, Mg and S for plant nutrition.

FERTILITY PROPERTIES AND LEAFY VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN SOILS FERTILIZED WITH CATTLE MANURE

ABSTRACT The effect of organic fertilization with cattle manure on fertility properties of soils with different clay contents was evaluated; as well as the influence of cattle manure fertilization on the production of lettuce, and on subsequent arugula and common chicory grown in these soils. The experiment with pot plants was arranged in randomized blocks and analyzed in a 3x6 factorial design with four replications. The treatments consisted of three soil types with different clay contents (166; 362; 565 g kg-1) and six cattle manure rates (0; 10; 20; 40; 80, and 160 t ha-1). Batches of each soil were manured, limed, filled in pots, moistened, and incubated for 30 days. Then, mineral base fertilization was applied and one lettuce seedling per each pot was grown. After lettuce harvest, the residual effect of organic fertilization was assessed in two subsequent crops, first arugula and then common chicory. The application of up to 160 t ha-1 cattle manure reduces soil acidity and increases nutrient contents, particularly of P, K and Zn, in soils with 165 to 565 g kg-1 clay content. Fertilization with cattle manure at rates of up to 160 t ha-1 increases electrical conductivity of soils, without affecting growth and yield of the leafy vegetables. Cattle manuring increases the yield of lettuce, as well as of arugula and common chicory grown afterwards.

Residual Fertilizer, Crop Sequence, and Water Availability Impact Rotational Nitrogen Balances

Inter‐seasonal N carryover increased subsequent crop N recovery. Increases in yield and N uptake after pea were partly attributed to higher N supply. The benefit of pea preceding winter wheat increased with increasing available water. Constructed rotation N balances incorporated inter‐seasonal changes in soil N supply. Rotational N use was modeled across a range of water‐limited environments. Accounting for multiple N sources provides an opportunity to improve rotational nitrogen use efficiency (rNUE) relative to single seasons. The project objectives were to assess the residual effects of fertilizer on subsequent crop yields and N recovery, attribute differences in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield due to changes in N supply following pea (Pisum sativum L.), examine changes in N balances and grain yields across varying water availability, and develop and apply a multi‐year regression model that assesses changes in rotational N balances in water‐limited cropping systems. Fifty to 160 kg N ha−1 were unaccounted for following spring canola (Brassica napus L.) harvest, and excessive fertilization led to increases in post‐harvest residual N and crop residue N. Subsequent crops accumulated 10 to 15 kg more grain N ha−1, when following fertilized canola, while rotational apparent fertilizer N recovery ranged from 3 to 15%, primarily in the second year. The residual effect of fertilization was only attributed to residual soil N since net N mineralization was not statistically affected. Economic optimal yields of winter wheat were almost 900 kg ha−1 greater following pea than wheat due to elevated soil N supply and other rotational effects, increasing with water availability. A method of analyzing rotational N use is presented that integrates the effects of year‐to‐year changes in N supply across a range of yields, from which N balances may be constructed based on the emerging relationships among yield potential and soil and plant N processes.

Residue of Phosphorus Sources Broadcast and Applied on Rows in Forages during Off-Season Crops

This study aimed to evaluate the residual effect of phosphorus sources and application techniques in the intercropping of forages during off-season crops. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 4 × 2 + 1 factorial, being four sources of phosphorus [Bayóvar Reactive Phosphate (BRP), Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP), Simple Superphosphate (SS) and Triple Superphosphate (TS)], two application techniques (broadcasting and on rows) and an additional without phosphorus. The experiment was conducted during the off-season crop. The residual effect of phosphorus fertilization increased the growth and the production of biomass of forage sorghum regarding broadcast SS and TS sources. The lowest P contents in the tissue of plants fertilized with SS and TS may be attributed to the diluting effect, as it achieved the highest production of biomass. The application of TS favored a greater dry matter production in Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã. At the depth 0.00-0.05 m, there was a higher P content with the application of BRP. However, the production of biomass was low, a factor that may be related to an overestimation of P bound to Ca by the Mehlich-1 extractor. Under cultivation conditions, broadcast SS and TS had a higher residual effect.

RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER WITH POLYMER-COATED UREA IN A CORN CROP

ABSTRACT The use of nitrogenous fertilizer coated by polymers may reduce losses caused by volatilization, thus exposing this element to plants for a longer period of time. The objective of this work was to evaluate the residual effects of nitrogen in the form of conventional urea and urea coated by polymers in the production components and grain productivity of the first and second corn crops. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria - MS in a clay-type Oxisol during the corn crops of 2011/12 and 2012. The experiment was arranged as a randomized block design with four replications, with a factorial 4 x 4 treatment arrangement as follows: 4 doses of N (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1) and 4 forms of urea (conventional urea and urea coated by three different polymers). Treatments were applied at the time of corn sowing in the first season (2010/11) and second season (2011). The residual effects of nitrogen fertilization in the corn grown in the first crop season (2011/12) and the second crop season (2012) were then assessed. The polymer -coated urea did not differ compared to the conventional urea.

Residual effect of potassium fertilizer and biochar on growth and yield of maize in the second season

Application of biochar can increase availability of plant nutrients and yield. A field experiment was conducted on anInceptisol with aim to determineresidual potassium fertilizer and biochar application on growth and yield of maize in the second season. A randomized block design was used with three replication. The treaments were residual application of potassium and biochar that consisted of biochar only (30 t/ha), and biochar plus several levels of potassium apllication (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha), included application of 200 kg/ha potassium without biochar. Basal fertilizersapplied in the first season were 90 kg N/ha and 100 kg P 2 0 5 , and in the second season was 90 kg N/ha. The results showed that residual biochar alone or combined with different levels of potassium application increased yield of maize. Residual biochar increased avalilabilty of N, P, K, Ca, and Na in the soil.

Significant residual effects of wheat fertilization on greenhouse gas emissions in succeeding soybean growing season

Many efforts have been made to learn the fertilization effects on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the current crop season of multiple cropping systems, however, residual effects on the succeeding crop season are not clear. Based on a thirty-year fertilization experiment, we investigated the impacts of wheat fertilization on GHG emissions in the succeeding soybean season. There were five fertilization regimes for the wheat-soybean cropping system, including sole organic manure (M), balanced chemical NPK fertilizer (NPK), chemical NPK plus manure (NPKM), chemical NP plus wheat straw (NPS), and no fertilizer application (CK). Fertilization significantly affected GHG emissions not only in the current fertilizing season of winter wheat but also in the non-fertilizing season of summer soybean. Compared to the NPK treatment, the M and NPKM treatments stimulated annual soil CO2 and N2O emissions, and reduced CH4 emissions. The M and NPKM treatments also significantly increased soil organic C and total N contents, soil microbial biomass C and N, and NH4N and NO3N concentrations, especially in the soybean season. Although fertilizers were only applied in wheat season, the emissions of CO2 and N2O were higher in the soybean season. At the cropping system scale, the treatments of M and NPKM significantly increased annual global warming potential (GWP) by 75.5% and 38.3%, respectively, compared to the NPK. Sole manure application (M) significantly increased greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) in comparison with the NPK, while there was no significant increment in the GHGI caused by the treatments of chemical fertilizer plus manure (NPKM) and crop straw (NPS).

Nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer on green corn grown in succession to the melon crop

ABSTRACT Melon producers, in Chapada do Apodi, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, located between the states of Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte, have cultivated corn in succession to the melon crop. However, this crop rotation is not yet evaluated on the extent to which the residual effect of nitrogen and phosphate fertilization carried out in melon can supply partially or completely the corn demands of nitrogen and phosphorus. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the production of corn in succession to the cultivation of melon (Cucumis melo) irrigated in an Alkaline Inceptisol of Chapada do Apodi. Ten treatments from the combinations between five N rates (0; 45; 90; 160 and 220 kg/ha) and four levels of P2O5 (0; 40; 80; and 120 kg/ha) were compared. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications. The corn cultivar was the hybrid AG 1051 and the characteristics evaluated were number and total weight of ears, number and weight of marketable unhusked ears and concentrations of N and P in plant and P in the soil. This study also estimated critical levels of N and P in the plant and P in the soil. Producing green corn in succession to melon is viable, in this experiment conditions, without application of nitrogen and phosphorus to the soil. However, for maximum corn productivity, application of 90 kg/ha N combined with 40 kg/ha P2O5 is recommended. The average critical level of N and P in the plant for corn production was 32.29 and 4.31 g/kg, respectively. This value for P in the soil was 20.7 mg/dm3.

Responses of Pea (Pisum sativum) Growth and Yield to Residual Effects of Organic and Urea Fertilizers from Previous Crop

Responses of Pea (Pisum sativum) Growth and Yield to Residual Effects of Organic and Urea Fertilizers from Previous Crop

Efeitos residuais da adubação fosfatada sob produtividade e composição bromatológica de forrageiras tropicais

In Brazil today there are large areas of grassland in some stage of degradation due to inadequate handling, particularly with regard to lack of use of phosphate fertilizer. This study aimed to evaluate the productivity and bromatologic composition of three species of tropical forages under the residual effect of phosphorus fertilization. The randomized block design was applied in a 3x5x2 factorial scheme with three forages (Panicum maximum cvs. Tanzania and Mombaca and Brachiaria sp. cv. Mulato), five P rates (0, 40, 80, 120 and 240 kg ha-1), and two cuts (October and November of 2007) with three replicates. The deployment of pasture was held in September 2005, and the area remained under constant grazing and management, with regular cleaning and mowing for two years. In October and November of 2007, the following parameters were evaluated - fresh matter yield (FM), dry matter yield (DM) and contents of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HEM) and mineral matter (MM). Phosphorus fertilization until the maximum dose of 240 kg ha-1 did not promote residual effect on yield and chemical composition of Tanzania, Mombaca and Mulato grasses after two years of application in oxisol, with P fertilizer higher than 4.2 mg dm3, whose averages for the accumulation of DM and CP, NDF and ADF were 9.7 Mg ha-1, 11.8%, 77.8% and 41.3%, respectively.

Moisture conservation and zinc fertilization impacts on quality, profitability and moisture use indices of chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) under limited moisture conditions

A field experiment was conducted during rabi seasons of 2012-13 and 2013-14 to study the effect of moisture conservation and zinc fertilization on quality, nutrient uptake, profitability and moisture use indices of chickpea in pearlmillet-chickpea cropping sequence under limited moisture conditions. Moisture conservation and zinc fertilization brought considerable improvement in quality, nutrient uptake, profitability and moisture use indices of chickpea during both the years of study. Chickpea planted under flat bed with 5.0 t/ha crop residue recorded significantly higher protein yield and total uptake of N, P and K during both the years of study as compared to flat bed without crop residue and flat bed with 2.5 t/ha crop residue. However, in terms of protein content during 2012-13 and soil profile temperature during both the years all the treatments received crop residue remained at par with each other and proved significantly superior over flat bed without crop residue. Planting of chickpea under narrow bed and furrow fetched significantly higher net returns (55,871 and 55,263/ha) and production efficiency (372.5 and 337.0/ha/day) and moisture use efficiency (12.34 and 11.05 kg/ha-mm) during both the years of study over flat bed without crop residue and flat bed with 2.5 t/ha crop residue. Whereas, this treatment recorded significantly higher B:C ratio over flat bed with 5.0 t/ha crop residue. Under zinc fertilization, direct application of 5.0 kg Zn/ha significantly improved the protein content in grain during 2013-14 and protein yield, total uptake of N and P, net returns and production efficiency during both the years of investigation over lower levels. But application of 5.0 and 2.5 kg Zn/ha being at par with each other proved significantly better over control in terms of protein content during 2012-13 and total uptake of P, B:C ratio and moisture use efficiency of chickpea during both the years. Residual effect of zinc fertilization was also found to be significant on chickpea. The significant improvement in quality, nutrient uptake, profitability and moisture use efficiency were observed only up to 2.5 kg Zn/ha.