Residents Of Town Research Articles

Perceptions of Knowledge, Disease Impact and Predictive Genetic Testing in Family Members at Risk to Develop Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease (EOAD) and Their Levels of Suicidal Ideation: A Mixed Study.

Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) is an autosomal dominantly inherited disease, in which a founder effect has been described for A431E mutation in the PSEN1 gene, with most of the affected patients being residents of a small town in the state of Jalisco in Mexico. To date, no studies have been performed in order to know the impact of the disease on this population. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the perceptions in the knowledge, the impact of the disease and the intention to take the predictive genetic testing in the population at genetic risk of Jalisco. For this objective, we performed a mixed study that included a qualitative methodology (semi-structured interviews), and, in addition, we measured suicidal ideation, stress and depression with quantitative instruments in order to compare them with a control group. Of the 28 invited individuals, 9 accepted to participate, from which, 5 (55.56%) participants did not know their genetic risk to develop the disease and 5 (55.56%) would want to take the predictive genetic testing in order to be prepared to face the disease; however, among those who did not want to know, 2 individuals (22.22%) mentioned that they would consider suicide if they were positive for the pathogenic variant. On the impact of the disease, we detected that the adaptation to the familiar's needs was the most frequent answer, including changes in their lifestyle (being responsible since very young, changes in social life and familiar dynamic), this being their main stressor, followed by changes in plans for the future and contemplating the possibility of being affected. Although no differences in stress and depression between groups were observed, we detected that suicidal ideation was significantly higher in the group of cases. These results highlight the importance to involve all the family in genetic counseling in order to clarify any doubts and also to attend to them psychologically to prevent suicidal ideation and attempts.

Realising direct democracy through representative democracy: From the Yellow Vests to a libertarian municipalist strategy in Commercy

Among the many criticisms carried by the Yellow Vests movement, criticisms related to representative government as a mode of exercising power occupy a prominent place and find resonance within the broader contemporary crisis of representative democracy. In the face of this crisis, the Yellow Vests movement has put forward many alternative propositions for direct democracy. This contribution focuses on the local experiment of assembly direct democracy that has taken place in the municipality of Commercy, a town in the Meuse region of Eastern France, from the beginning of the Yellow Vests movement to the municipal elections of March 2020. The contribution studies the specific strategy the movement adopted, that of running for elections to give power to the assembly that gathers the town residents. As the movement created a form of direct democracy – the assembly – to mark its opposition to representative democracy, and then used the paradigmatic mechanism of representative democracy – the elections – to give power to the assembly, it enables an understanding of how a movement navigated the dialectical relationship between representative and direct democracy in the framework of a libertarian municipalist electoral strategy and the tensions that have arisen in the process.

Prevalence and associated factors of insomnia symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown among Mettu town residents.

Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder that affects people all over the world. Creating suitable interventions will require a better understanding of the magnitude and determinants of insomnia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of insomnia symptoms among residents of Mettu town during the pandemic lockdown. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among residents of Mettu town from October 1st to October 15th, 2020. Residents who lived in Mettu town at least for six months were included. To determine the prevalence and determinants of insomnia symptoms, both descriptive and inferential analyses were used. The chi-squared test of association and logistic regression was used to identify predictors of insomnia symptoms among residents of Mettu town. We used SPSS version 25 for all statistical analyses. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among residents of Mettu town was 52.6%. According to results of multivariable binary logistic regression, being female [AOR = 3.677, 95%CI: 2.124-6.365], being aged between 19 and 40 [AOR = 13.261, 95%CI: 6.953-25.291], being aged above 41 [AOR = 2.627, 95%CI: 1.120-6.159], smoking [AOR = 15.539, 95%CI: 7.961-30.329], satisfaction with information available [AOR = 0.310, 95%CI: 0.168-0.570], fear Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), [AOR = 2.171, 95%CI: 1.262-3.733], feeling alienated from others [AOR = 3.288, 95%CI: 1.897-5.699], having somatic symptoms [AOR = 2.298, 95% CI: 1.360-3.884], having depressive symptoms [AOR = 1.841, 95% CI: 1.073-3.160], and experiencing psychological distress [AOR = 1.962, 95% CI: 1.173-3.281] were significantly associated with insomnia symptoms. In this study, the prevalence of insomnia symptoms was found to be high among residents of Mettu town. Being female, being aged between 19 and 40, being aged above 41 years, smoking, fear of Corona Virus Disease 2019, feeling alienated from others, having somatic symptoms, having depressive symptoms, and experiencing psychological distress were all associated with an increased risk of developing insomnia symptoms while being satisfied with the information available decreased the risk of insomnia symptoms among residents of Mettu town. Interventions should be put in place to promote healthy sleep among residents of Mettu town.

Urban–ruraljustice

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Searching the early lives of the Soong sisters in Macon, Georgia: three Chinese overseas students in the American South

AbstractThis article uses local history approaches to reconstruct the early lives of the Soong sisters at Wesleyan Female College in Macon, Georgia at the beginning of the twentieth century. The sisters' experiences as Chinese overseas students were situated in the histories of American South and of Asian Americans. By examining the sisters' transition to Wesleyan, their everyday lives on campus, and their occasional off-campus encounters with Maconites, the article argues that the “Southernness” of Wesleyan and Macon distinguished the sisters' experiences from other Chinese overseas students that are more familiar to Chinese historians. Because of the relative absence of Chinese residents in this small Southern town, the girls were rarely categorized with Chinese laborers and hardly felt the strong anti-Chinese sentiments that were experienced by students who went to Western states and large cities. Similarly, the slow adoption of new utilitarian courses at this elite Southern female college also meant the sisters were neither trained as qualified homemakers nor as career women like many other American-educated Chinese women in their generation. They were taught to become housewives that played important, unpaid social roles – a path that they would later follow.

Millions of Living Dead: Fugitives, the Polish Border, and 18th-Century Russian Society

Millions of Living DeadFugitives, the Polish Border, and 18th-Century Russian Society Evgenii V. Akelev (bio) and Andrey V. Gornostaev (bio) In 1761, Mikhail Lomonosov astutely noted that among other causes of population loss in Russia—such as diseases, murders, and accidents—was the issue of the "living dead" (zhivye pokoiniki): "From border provinces, people leave for other countries, especially for Poland, and, as a result, the Russian Crown loses its subjects." He subsequently compared the Russo-Polish border to a "great hole [velikaia skvazhina] that was impossible to seal" to prevent ordinary people from slipping out of the country. Some fled because of seigniorial demands and conscription, while others, affected by the Schism, moved to the Polish town of Vietka. Finally, he proposed that the Russian government should alleviate the tax burden and eliminate conscription to make borderland residents less likely to flee and use troops to bring the "living dead" back to the empire.1 Lomonosov's concern with population loss was widely shared by his contemporaries and further accentuated by several official reports that mentioned "over a million people" [End Page 269] dwelling abroad.2 Thus in his comments, Lomonosov succinctly captures the essence of a problem that figured on the imperial agenda throughout the 18th century: the existence of a porous western border that created an opportunity for many thousands of Russian subjects to escape and begin a new life in the Commonwealth. From the 1720s onward, Russian rulers became continuously preoccupied with both the scale of emigration to Poland-Lithuania and the state of the western border. They viewed these issues as intertwined, because imperial subjects would not have been able to leave if the border had been sufficiently guarded. Considerable efforts hence were exerted to restrict departures. At the same time, the population flight abroad revealed the most oppressive features of Russia's social order and prompted government administrators to consider existing policies on noble-peasant relations and Old Believers. The most ambitious and problematic point on the agenda, nevertheless, was to discover ways to return fugitives to Russia. This article investigates these interrelated processes by focusing on interactions between the authorities and fugitives (peasants, town residents, Old Believers, soldiers), which took a number of forms—such as petitions, deployment of military force, and issuance of amnesties. Considered together, they allow us to understand the "imperial repertoire," the ruling strategies used by Russian central and provincial officials to deal with specific situations that arose because of the problematic border with Poland-Lithuania. As Jane Burbank and Frederick Cooper note, "an imperial repertoire" was not "a preset formula for rule" but improvisations and decisions often "shaped by past practices and constrained by context."3 Specifically, we argue that attention to the porousness of the Russo-Polish border and processes associated with it enables us to view the imperial state not as rigid and limited in its capacity to control the population but as experimenting with various approaches and constantly adapting to changing circumstances along the border and within the country.4 [End Page 270] Likewise, the examination of the western border complicates our understanding of cross-border migrations. Commonly, social historians tend to simplify this issue by presenting it as resistance to oppressive features of the imperial regime and ignoring fugitives' expectations for potential benefits in the receiving country.5 By contrast, historians of borderlands argue that we need to view borders "as historical constructs that empower some at the expense of others," and therefore our task is to understand the effect that borders exert on different people.6 This article demonstrates that ordinary people had motivations and considerations that went beyond resistance and were based on their knowledge of border conditions, advantages, and freedoms available in different places. For those living on the Polish-Lithuanian side, the border represented a bargaining chip that helped them interact with the Russian government at a different level, as independent parties that could make demands and concur with or disregard official orders when they so pleased. The exploration of the early modern Russo-Polish border also contributes to the growing field of borderlands studies, whose scholars actively research the significance of mapping, treaties, demarcations, negotiations, and violence...

Characteristics of Respondents to Web-Based or Traditional Interviews in Mixed-Mode Surveys. Evidence from the Italian Permanent Population Census

Abstract In order to provide useful tools for researchers in the design of actions to promote participation in web surveys, it is key to study the characteristics that define the profile of a “web respondent”, so that specific interventions can be planned. In this contribution, which draws on data collected during the 2019 housing population census in Italy, we define the set of familial and geographical characteristics that correspond to a greater probability that the interviewed household will choose to respond online, by estimating a multilevel model. The profile of a “computer-assisted web interview household” (CAWI-H) is then defined, on the basis of the structural characteristics of this population. Moreover, the geographical distribution of households is studied according to their distance from the CAWI-H profile. The results show that households that are more distant from the CAWI-H profile have characteristics that correspond to segments of the population generally affected by economic and social fragility; they are mainly elderly, foreigners, residents in small towns, and people with a low level of education. It is to these households in particular that survey designers can address specific actions that can enhance their willingness to participate in web surveys.

Abstract P311: Lifestyle Factors Substantially Contributed to Urban-Rural Disparity in All-Cause Mortality Among Chinese Adults 65 or Older

Background: Studies on whether lifestyle factors could explain urban-rural differences in mortality risks among Chinese adults 65 years or older are limited. We aim to assess whether and to what extent individual-level lifestyle factors contribute to urban-rural disparity in mortality among older Chinese adults. Methods: Our study included a total of 37,083 adults 65 years or older residents (8,522 city, 8,022 urban and 20,539 rural) from seven waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (1998-2014), with follow-up to the latest wave (2018). Five lifestyle factors were examined: smoking, drinking, physical activity, diet and leisure activities. All-cause mortality was ascertained through death registry and information from next of kin. We conducted multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to examine mortality risks and used two measures to estimate the contributions to urban-rural mortality disparity from lifestyle factors, PERM (percentage excess risk mediated) calculated by the change of hazard ratio of the different models divided by the hazard ratio of the adjusted demographics model and AUC (area under the receiver-operating curve). Results: During a median follow-up of 3.24 years, 23,576 death cases were recorded. Report crude differences (death rates by the 3 groups city, town, rural) before adjusting for any vars. After adjusting for demographics, the hazards for town and rural residents were 8.8% and 17.2% higher than city residents, respectively (Table 1, Model 1). Adjustment for leisure activities made the largest difference in explaining the urban-rural disparities (Model 6). Adjustment for all five lifestyle factors explained 36.6% of city-town and 26.1% of city-rural differences (Model 7). AUCs for all models were &gt; 0.7. Conclusion: Lifestyle factors, especially leisure activities, physical activities and diet, contributed substantially to the urban-rural disparity in all-cause mortality of adults aged 65 years or older in China.

Film Festivals as Spaces for Knowledge Exchange and Community Building

In this article, Ana Rosa Marques discusses the origins and development of CachoeiraDoc, an annual documentary film festival organized since 2010 by the faculty and students of the Film and Audiovisual Program at the Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB) in the Northeast of Brazil. She argues that, beyond an artistic event celebrating cinema, CachoeiraDoc has been a space in which the university and the residents of the small town of Cachoeira enter into a fruitful dialogue, exchanging knowledge and ultimately engaging in community building.

Circular Economy Innovations in Small and Medium Enterprises in Ngong Town Kajiado County, Kenya for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development

Circular economy emerged as way of managing waste, lessening resource uses, and preventing environmental deterioration. Circular economy is being developed and implemented in governmental, business and academic settings mainly in line with the UN Sustainable Development Goal 12. Waste generated from residents in Ngong town has built up landfills and has clogged sewer lines and pathways. These wastes encompass various forms of electrical, plastics and electronic appliances that have ceased to be of any value to their owners. These types of wastes can have harmful effects on humans and the physical environment. Waste require special handling and disposal techniques due to their hazardous properties as they may be toxic, carcinogenic, flammable including other effects. This study explored the circular economy innovations in SMEs in Ngong town as contribution to addressing this problem. The study specific objectives were, to find out the circular economy innovations, to identify opportunities and to determine the factors that influence circular economy innovations in Ngong town. A sample of forty owners/operators of SMEs in Ngong town was conveniently selected and interviewed using a questionnaire. It was found that a number of innovations were implemented and only 67.5% had knowledge of circular economy. The SMEs had customers who can buy product from their innovations, and there were factors that influenced circular economy innovations such as government policies and regulations, lack of infrastructure, financial resources, and partnerships.For SMEs to move from linear to circular economy in Ngong town, the study recommends training on circular economy innovations and the county government of Kajiado should implement policies and regulations that promote the circular economy innovations for the protection of the market and environmental sustainability.

Computing a psychological health risk assessment model for road traffic noise

IntroductionPhysical air pollutants comprising noise, temperature, and humidity are among health risk factors that influence human well-being. No study has been carried out on how the three physical pollutants affect the psychological health. Therefore, the objectives of this research are to assess road traffic noise, temperature, and relative humidity in association with psychological health. Final objective is to propose a formula capable of computing psychological health index using the three above-mentioned risk factors. MethodsAt the chosen sample points throughout Baharan Town situated in the city of Sanandaj in Iran, data of four independent variables encompassing age of the residents, traffic noise, ambient temperature, and ambient relative humidity were collected from January to November 2021. Simultaneously, the 12-item General Health Questionnaires (GHQ-12) were distributed between residents of Baharan Town to figure out their psychological health index. Age and gender was already added to GHQ-12 as two questions. Finally, a model was formulated for general health by means of multiple linear regression analysis in the SPSS software. ResultsThe results reveal that age of the residents does not have a significant relationship with psychological health index. Hence, the final multiple regression model for psychological health index depends upon three predictor factors including traffic noise, ambient temperature, and ambient relative humidity with 0.521 as its coefficient of determination (R Square). After verifying the final model, it was witnessed that computed psychological health index data were in agreement with measured data. In the end, a conceptual model is proposed that implies if no observed noise levels are available, then a road traffic noise model and its output i.e. estimated LAeq values are applied as traffic noise (input) in the aforementioned health risk assessment model. ConclusionsThe three above-mentioned predictors explain 52.1% of variance of the dependent variable i.e. psychological health index. Namely, the model's error equals 0.479. Given the amount of error that this formula generates, it is recommended new predictors such as financial conditions of the residents, ambient particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ambient chemical air pollutants (SO2, CO, NO2, etc.), and other sources of environmental noise pollution (industrial noise, community noise, aircraft noise, railway noise, and harbor noise) to be used to explain more amount of variance of the dependent variable i.e. psychological health index, and therefore less error to be produced.

Racial Differences in Black and White Residential Outcomes in the Sundown Era

AbstractUsing publicly available census and historical records, I compare the Sundown‐era residential patterns and outcomes of Black and White residents from one small Wisconsin city between 1880 and 1930 to observe how sundown violence may have affected Black residential outcomes. Census summary data shows that while the White racial group population continued to grow at the state, county, and city levels, the Black population at the city level stalled before dropping to zero, providing evidence for sundown‐type violence and exclusion against Black households by White city residents. For the Black residents (N = 18) whose histories I could trace, three outcomes were observed: remaining in the city, internally migrating to an adjacent county, and moving to much larger metropolitan areas that were already known as Black residential destinations. In contrast, the residential outcomes for White residents (n = 42) were much more varied in their residential destinations, both at the state/regional levels, and in the size of community settled in. I suggest that sundown‐era displacement should be further considered in discussions of Black internal migration in the early 20th century, and that residents of formerly sundown towns and cities need to confront their under‐examined histories of racial exclusion.

Adverse Effects of Chewing Khat (Catha edulis): A Community-based Study in Ethiopia.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of habitual chewing of khat (Catha edulis) on blood pressure, body mass index, and physiological aspects of sexuality among residents of an Ethiopian town. A statistically determined and randomly selected sample of khat-chewing individuals in the town of Hosanna in Southern Ethiopia were included in the study. We used physical measurements and a self-administered questionnaire to collect the data, which was statistically analyzed. The participants comprised a total of 420 with mean age = 28.7±5.7 years; 336 (80.0%) were male. Nearly half (201; 47.9%) were in the age-group 30-34 years. The adverse effects of khat use were assessed from the median score of each outcome, namely, physical problems, abuse potential, and social effects. Having a score above the median on each of the three target outcomes was equated with the presence of adverse effects. Adverse effects were reported among 341 of 420 (81.2%) participants, of whom 277 of 341 (81.2%) were male and 64 of 341 (18.8%) were female. The reported adverse effects were significantly higher among those who co-used tobacco, coffee, or tea with khat, with adjusted odds ratio = 4.8; CI: 2.86-8.22. Khat chewing was found to have a significant adverse effect on the health of individuals who indulged in it. This finding implies the need for urgent intervention from health authorities.

Marital dissolution and associated factors in Hosanna, Southwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundMarriage dissolution, divorce, or separation from a spouse or common-law partner is a serious public health concern due to its increasing prevalence and devastating health and socio-economic consequences. Evidence suggests an increased risk of marital instability in Ethiopia. In addition, the extent of marital dissolution and other related factors have increased in the study area. Despite these, the prevalence of marital dissolution and the influence of associated factors (main reason for marriage, and parental history of marital dissolution) on marital dissolution has not been assessed in the study area. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of marital dissolution and its associated factors among residents of Hosanna town in southwestern Ethiopia in 2022.MethodsWe conducted a community-based cross-sectional study among 459 randomly selected Hosanna Township residents. We used structured questionnaires to collect data. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were performed to describe the data and test-associated factors, respectively. A p-value less than 0.05 was used to define statistical significance. We used STATA 14 and IBM SPSS 25.0 computer packages to process data.ResultsOut of the 459 potentially eligible individuals, 450 participants properly responded to the questionnaires yielding a response rate of 98.04%. Of these, 218 (52.9%) were female. The commonly reported reason for marriage was to have children 150 (36.9%). The prevalence rate of marital dissolution was 26.0% (95% CI: (21.7%, 30.3%)). The participant's level of education and the primary reasons (motives) why they get married were statistically significantly associated with marital dissolution. The odds of marital dissolution was higher among participants who completed secondary education (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.26–8.17) compared to those having no formal education. The participants who married for companionship reasons (AOR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.11–0.83) had significantly lower odds of marriage dissolution compared with those who married for financial security.ConclusionsIn this study, the prevalence of marital dissolution was high. The participant’s level of education and the primary reasons (motives) why they getting married were significantly associated with marital dissolution. Therefore, an integrated, community-based approach should be developed to prevent marital dissolution.

The Role of Transportation Costs on Affordable Housing for Low-Income Class

This research was conducted to investigate the current state of transportation, as well as the transportation costs of the residents of towns with affordable residential houses, by preparing and presenting a questionnaire to these residents. In this questionnaire, things like housing costs, the amount of travel to the city center, satisfaction with public transportation services and its variety, easy access to public transportation and required places, the amount of use of public transportation and private vehicles were examined and solutions to reduce transportation costs were presented. Although the price of housing in the towns is lower than in the city center; the costs of transporting the residents of these towns are significant. In addition, the state of public transportation and access to needed places is unfavorable, so that about 60 % of the interviewees were dissatisfied with public transportation services.

Regional accessibility of higher education in Russia

Despite the unified system of admission to universities in Russia, applicants can still face unequal access to higher education. This article analyzes the barriers which restrict the inter-regional accessibility of higher education. We propose an analytical model, reflecting the direct and indirect influence of family, schools, and location on the educational strategies of youth, assuming that these factors affect the university enrollment both directly and indirectly through academic achievement. An empirical examination of the model, based on data from the longitudinal study ‘Trajectories in Education and Careers’, shows that students from Moscow are most likely to enroll at university, since they face the lowest barriers. The problem of the accessibility of higher education is more acute for residents of large cities or regional capitals: their likelihood of matriculating is limited by cognitive abilities, socio-economic status, and school characteristics. Residents of small towns or villages are facing the highest barriers and gender inequality.

Comparison of Subjective Dizziness, Tinnitus, Headache, Taste, and Smell Results by Age Group in Yakumo Town Residents Health Checkup Conducted in 2019 with Measured Taste and Smell Test Results

A self-administered questionnaire survey is conducted on various items related to health at the residents’ examination conducted in Yakumo Town, Nikai-gun, Hokkaido, where population migration is small. We will report on the results of the otolaryngology questionnaire survey conducted in 2019. The target population is 128 males and 169 females who are residents of Yakumo Town over 40 years old, for a total of 297 people. Self-administered questionnaire survey (feeling conscious: vertigo, tinnitus, headache, hearing, taste, smell), taste test (Salt taste: Salseve; manufactured by Advantech), and smell test (12 kinds of odors: Smell sticks; Daiichi Factory C0., Ltd).

Medium-Sized Towns in the Knowledge Economy—Towards a Systematic Classification

Medium-sized towns represent important anchor points with regard to services of general interest that are also places to live and work. The increasing number of employees in the service and knowledge economy and the shift in working conditions towards more flexible and mobile working models have impacted the importance of working locations outside the metropolises. This study classifies all medium-sized German towns with a focus on the knowledge economy to analyze the role of this city type for different labor market indicators. First, 19 indicators are condensed into six principal components by means of principal component analysis. This is followed by a cluster and a discriminant analysis to determine five types of towns: (1) important working and education centers, (2) residential towns with a work function, (3) average medium-sized towns, (4) accessibility winners, and (5) tax winners. The results demonstrate that medium-sized towns should be regarded as a single and important urban category, especially concerning the knowledge economy. Our classification enables an initial evaluation that can be used for further evidence-based funding policy and spatial governance. By concluding with a methodological critique and discussing the results obtained, we argue for a more nuanced look at medium-sized towns from different disciplinary perspectives.

Influencing Factors Analysis and Optimization of Land Use Allocation: Combining MAS with MOPSO Procedure

The rural land use preferences of multiple agents are crucial for optimizing land-use allocation. Taking Guanlin Town, Yixing City, China as an example, this study analyzed the factors by agents effecting rural land use conversion probability, identified the objectives and the constraints within the optimization of rural land-use allocation, and simulated the optimal land-use allocation for 2030 by combining MAS with an MOPSO procedure. The results showed that the preferences and decisions of main actors effected the optimal land-use allocation. The Government determined the conversion between land-use types. The preferences of the entrepreneurs resulted in the distribution of industrial land. Town residents made a high contribution to the configuration of the town residential land by considering some factors. Rural families influenced land-use allocation by considering the quality of cultivated soils, and the optimal spatial location of aquaculture systems. Four optimization objectives were identified. The most relevant constraints were the upper and lower limits of each land-use type. The land-use types in Guanlin town in 2015 had a low intensification and an unreasonable structure. The modeling results indicated a tendency for concentrated spatial distributions of rural land. The results of the present study can provide useful support for decision-making within land planning and consequent management.

Associations of health literacy with missed free influenza immunization in people with chronic diseases.

There is a gap in understanding specific features of health literacy that might be associated with adherence to influenza immunization. The aim of this study was to examine the association of health literacy with avoidance of influenza immunization and beliefs about the influenza vaccine among people with chronic diseases. Selection of study participants was based on a case-control study design in a population of people with chronic illnesses living in the Foča region (Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina) and who were entitled to receive a free influenza shot in season 2017/2018. The cases represented all non-vaccinated people (a total of 146) and the controls were vaccinated people (a total of 149) matched according to town of residence. Participants were interviewed in person from April to December 2018 using a socio-demographic questionnaire, Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) and Health Belief Model Applied to Influenza (HBMAI). Better score on 'Feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers', 'Social support for health' and 'Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers' was associated with more perceived benefits of influenza immunization in men, but not in women. Perceiving more Barriers to influenza immunization was associated with lower scores on 'Feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers', 'Have sufficient information to manage health', 'Social support for health' and 'Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers' in both men and women. Health literacy may be associated with the perception of susceptibility to influenza, benefits and barriers to influenza immunization and motivations to receive influenza vaccine.