Residents Of Mexico Research Articles

Abstract 806: Rural residence as a protective factor in melanoma mortality: Insights from a comprehensive analysis of 3,979 New Mexico cases (2010-2017)

Abstract Purpose: Cutaneous melanoma is a significant public health concern with increasing incidence rates over the past three decades. While survival rates have improved, disparities exist among racial/ethnic groups and socioeconomic factors. Our objective was to explore the connection between survival rates of cutaneous melanoma and demographic/socioeconomic factors in New Mexico's varied population, particularly in rural vs. urban settings. Methods: This retrospective study utilized data from the New Mexico Tumor Registry (NMTR) within the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. A total of 3,979 cases of cutaneous melanoma diagnosed between 2010 and 2017 among New Mexico residents were analyzed based on specific ICDO-3 criteria. The impact of demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors, and stage at diagnosis on melanoma-specific mortality was investigated. Cases with incomplete data or where melanoma was not the primary cancer were excluded. Survival differences were assessed using Kaplan-Meier methods and the Cox Proportional Hazards Model, with analyses conducted with a significance threshold set at P=0.05. Only histologically confirmed melanoma cases were included in the study. Results: In our analysis of 3,979 melanoma cases spanning 2010 to 2017, non-Hispanic whites (NHW) displayed the highest incidence (n = 3,617, P < 0.001). Conversely, Hispanic Whites (HW) and American Indians (AI) exhibited a higher likelihood of later-stage diagnoses, with 19.2% of American Indians diagnosed at stage 3, in contrast to 3.9% of NHW and 10.3% of Hispanic Whites (P < 0.001). Rural areas showed a propensity for advanced-stage diagnoses (P < 0.001), and diagnosis stage exhibited an inverse relationship with per capita income (P < 0.001). Increased mortality was observed among males, individuals over 50, and American Indians (all P <0.05). Rural American Indian or Hispanic patients had a hazard ratio of mortality at 0.37 (95% CI, 0.15-0.89). An overall decline in melanoma mortality post-2012, with a notable reduction after mid-2015 (P < 0.001), despite a slight increase in diagnoses from 529 in 2010 to 569 in 2017 (P = 0.034) was observed. Sensitivity analyses revealed that rural residence among AI/Hispanic individuals was associated with a lower risk of melanoma-specific mortality (HR 0.37, p = 0.026 in the inclusive analysis; HR 0.36, p = 0.025 in the exclusion of in-situ cases). Conclusions: Our study indicates rural residency is associated with more advanced melanoma diagnoses and lower income correlates with later-stage diagnoses. However, rural living may offer a protective effect against mortality for American Indian/Hispanic populations. Overall mortality has declined since 2012, contrasting with a slight rise in diagnoses. Citation Format: Yeojin Park, Aaron Segura, Lynn Midani, Barbara Gutierrez, Larimar I. Rodriguez, Charles Wiggins, Vernon S. Pankratz, John R. Durkin. Rural residence as a protective factor in melanoma mortality: Insights from a comprehensive analysis of 3,979 New Mexico cases (2010-2017) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 806.

RURAL–URBAN DISPARITIES IN COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN BRAZIL AND MEXICO

Abstract Latin America (LA) has the highest dementia burden globally among people 60 years or older, with a prevalence of 8.5%. However, there is little evidence of the disparities in cognitive performance in rural and urban areas in LA. We use nationally representative data from the two largest countries in LA, Brazil and Mexico, to assess if rurality is associated with cognitive impairment, and assess how education and country modify this relationship. The sample included 9,412 participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI) and 14,779 participants from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS). Participants were classified as cognitively impaired or not impaired using cognitive performance scores and a regression-based approach. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between rural/urban residency and cognitive function. The modifying effect of education and country was investigated by adding an interaction term in the fully adjusted model. ELSI participants had a mean age 62.5±9.8 years, 54% were women, 13.3% were illiterate, and 6% had cognitive impairment. MHAS participants from had a mean age 64.8±9.7 years, 55% were women, 18% were illiterate, and 5% were cognitively impaired. In Mexico, those living in rural areas were more likely to have cognitive impairment than those in urban areas (OR=1.43, 95%CI=1.20;1.71), but this difference was not seen in Brazil (OR=1.10, 95%CI=0.87;1.36). The three-way interaction of rurality with country and education showed that rural residents of Mexico had lower odds of cognitive impairment compared to rural residents of Brazil with the same level of education (p<0.001).

To the bone: Prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety among orthopedic residents in Mexico.

Examining orthopedic residents in Mexico, researchers explore the relationship between the presence of depressive or anxious symptoms and the degree of perfectionism, perceived work-related distress, and involvement in the care of patient(s) who died. This was a cross-sectional online survey of 642 orthopedic residents from October 2019 to April 2021. Of orthopedic residents contacted, 50.6% responded rate (70.9% male, average age 29.8 years). A total of 12.5% reported significant depressive symptoms and 18.4% reported significant anxious symptoms. On a scale from 0-100, the mean score of perceived work-related distress was 51.9. One-third (33.6%) reported being involved in the care of patient(s) who had died. Higher levels of work-related distress and higher scores on perfectionism were associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms. In particular, being involved in the care of patient(s) who had died was associated with anxious symptoms (OR = 1.79; 95%CI = 1.18-2.72). These results highlight the need for systematic monitoring of the mental health of orthopedic residents in Mexico, particularly those who report a high level of work-related distress or perfectionism or who have recently experienced the death of a patient.

Food Insecurity, Challenges, and Strategies among New Mexicans Experiencing Job Disruptions during COVID-19: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic affected health, the economy, and the food system across the United States (U.S.). This cross-sectional study examined the impacts of household income and job loss on food insecurity and food-related challenges among a sample of New Mexico residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study was conducted by fielding an online survey from May through June 2020. Study participants were recruited via convenience sampling to complete a survey that included questions assessing job and/or household income loss, food insecurity, food-related challenges and worries, and strategies for acquiring food during COVID-19. The analysis included a series of multivariable logistic regressions that estimated the impact of household income and job loss on food insecurity, food-related worry and challenges, and strategies used to acquire enough food and food sources. Nine hundred and fifty-four respondents were included in the analysis. Results: Compared to no job disruption, job loss increased the odds of experiencing food insecurity, two out of three food-related challenges, food-related worry, participation in SNAP, and use of most (six out of eight) strategies to obtain enough food. Compared to no job disruption, a reduction in household income significantly increased the odds of experiencing food insecurity, all three food-related challenges, food-related worry, utilization of group meal services, growing their own food, and use of most (six out of eight) strategies to obtain enough food. Conclusion: Future research should continue to examine the economic impacts of COVID-19 on food access. Lessons learned during the pandemic can inform policy responses to future public health emergencies.

Borderlands of Slavery: The Struggle over Captivity and Peonage in the American Southwest by William S. Kiser

Reviewed by: Borderlands of Slavery: The Struggle over Captivity and Peonage in the American Southwest by William S. Kiser Lauren Brand (bio) Borderlands of Slavery: The Struggle over Captivity and Peonage in the American Southwest. By William S. Kiser. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017. Pp. 280. Cloth, $47.50; paper, $24.95.) Could slavery in any form expand into the American West? Was it realistically possible? Did the U.S. government have the right to regulate the expansion of slavery? These are some of the massive questions that dominated the political discourse of the antebellum United States. William S. Kiser’s Borderlands of Slavery explores how the reality of Native captivity and debt peonage in New Mexico played a crucial role in the answers that both northern and southern politicians offered to these questions. New Mexico not only shaped national conversations about slavery’s expansion in the antebellum era, but also influenced national policy makers’ decisions regarding the definition of unfree labor during the Reconstruction era. Kiser argues that the existence of a different form of slavery in New [End Page 248] Mexico “forced Americans to think more broadly about slavery and brought awareness to the fact that involuntary labor was not limited to the chattel system in the South” and that this realization “informed profound political debates during the 1850s regarding the future role of unfree labor in the country” (21). The prologue provides a concise overview of the history of New Mexico from the Spanish colonial era through the territory’s integration into the United States in the mid-nineteenth century in order to quickly familiarize readers with this complex period. Indeed, scholars from many subfields of nineteenth-century United States history will find much of interest in this short book. For example, historians studying the various forms of enslavement endured or practiced by the Indigenous peoples of North America (or “the other slavery,” as Andrés Reséndez describes it)1 will appreciate Kiser’s description of the widespread prevalence of Native captivity in New Mexico from the Spanish colonial era through the Civil War. Additionally, historians of the antebellum U.S. South will be interested in Kiser’s dissection of how southern politicians used New Mexico and the various forms of captivity there as a foil to compare to the southern system of enslavement. Although debt peonage was not a racially based system of enslavement, it was a structure that “nonetheless operated upon manipulated conditions of dependency that typically ensured perpetual bondage” (16), leading many southern congressmen to view New Mexico as a valid point of comparison to demonstrate the compatibility of slavery with peonage in the American West. Kiser shows throughout that such comparisons were not unwarranted. For example, he explores comparisons between the ways captive women in the Southwest were described as “likely girl[s]” and valued for their attractiveness and sexual availability in the same way that African American women were in the South (61). However, despite some similarities that prompted these comparisons, Kiser notes that, in the end, there remained “widespread confusion about the differences between Southern slavery and New Mexico’s traditional forms of bondage . . . among federal lawmakers” (52). State and local historians will also appreciate Kiser’s attention to the perspectives of people actually living in New Mexico during this period. Kiser explains how residents of New Mexico themselves thought about these issues. For example, he notes that local people were somewhat ambivalent about chattel slavery and the comparison to the U.S. South but remained just as concerned about retaining their rights to captives and peons as they always had. Kiser also explores how, after 1846, local New Mexico law-makers purposely kept quiet about the issue of debt peonage, because they often personally benefited from it. Thus Kiser notes how challenging it can [End Page 249] be for historians to study the ways captivity and debt peonage impacted the lives of people in New Mexico. The sources have to be carefully mined to reveal what was really going on behind the surface. Kiser is very open about these challenges and how he reads the available sources. As time passed and sectionalist sentiment increased in both the United...

Hypothetical bias mitigation in representative and convenience samples

AbstractThis is a case study comparing outcomes for a probability‐based representative sample versus a non‐probability convenience sample for the valuation of beach condition information among Gulf of Mexico residents. We test the efficacy of several techniques used to adjust for hypothetical bias and sample weighting to reduce hypothetical willingness to pay (WTP). Weighting makes the WTP between the two samples similar, but model equivalence with respect to the significance of explanatory variables is rejected. The results support the use of certainty follow‐ups, which consistently reduced WTP, regardless of the sampling approach or weighting.

538 Demographic and Injury Differences Between Children with Burn Injury from the United States and Mexico

Abstract Introduction A large burn data set is being used to evaluate outcomes of pediatric burn survivors, but questions remain whether this data set is generalizable to the typical population of US burn centers as only 62% of enrollees are from the US. A better understanding of similarities and differences within this data set will help in the applicability of findings from it. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study using data from children enrolled in a burn database. Data from 2043 children admitted for burn injury from 1994 to 2020 were analyzed. Data were stratified into children who were US residents and Mexico residents at the time of injury, all treated in US hospitals, and grouped by age into “< 5 years”, “5-10 years” and “ >10 years”. Sex, race, ethnicity, injury etiology, total body surface area injured (TBSA), and circumstances of injury were compared. Fisher’s exact test and Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance were used to test for differences in categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Results Both US and Mexico populations showed increased incidence among males as they aged. In the US population, as expected the most frequent cause of burns in patients < 5 years was scald. In the Mexico population, fire/flame burns were more frequent in all ages and electric burns were more common among children > 5 years. In both populations, indoor injuries were more common among children < 5 years and outdoor injuries were more common as children aged. Children from Mexico had larger burns and longer lengths of hospital stay than US children across all ages. Conclusions Children from Mexico who were referred to the US for burn care were similar in demographic patterns to US children. While differences were seen in extent and mechanism, the difference is likely influenced by larger, more severe burns being transferred to the US for care, while low severity burns were treated locally. This suggests that children from Mexico in the database are not representative of the pediatric burn injury population of the US or Mexico more broadly. When studying datasets from US hospitals containing non-US residents, it is recommended that these populations be separately analyzed, otherwise, findings cannot be generalized to the US pediatric burn injury population. Applicability of Research to Practice In addition to identifying prevention needs, differences among US and Mexico resident children cared for in the US limit the utility of analyzing this population in the burn dataset.

Ten-year hospitalization trends in Mexico: Examining the profile of national and transient and migrants.

In Mexico, as in other societies, migrants are seen as over-users of health services. However, the extent, distribution, and trends of use over time are unknown. Evidence is needed to inform health policies and improve health services for foreign patients. The objective of this study was to examine factors associated with the distribution and trends of Mexican and foreign resident hospitalizations in Mexican public hospitals from 2010 to 2020. A graphical and statistical analysis (descriptive and correlational) of discharge trends in public hospitals was carried out. Hospitalization trends were analyzed by country of habitual residence (Mexico, US, Central and South America, and Other Continents), age, sex, primary discharge category, and region of service delivery. Adjusted Poisson modeling was used to examine the factors associated with annual hospitalizations of Mexican and foreign residents. Between 2010 and 2020, there were 26,780,808 hospitalizations in Mexican public hospitals. Of these, 0.05% were of foreign residents. Hospitalizations for Mexican residents remained stable from 2010 to 2019, while those for foreign residents trended upward over the same period. In 2020, hospitalizations of Mexican residents fell by 36.6%, while foreign resident hospitalizations fell by 348.8%. The distribution of hospitalizations by sex was higher among females for all categories of habitual residence, except among US residents. Obstetric discharges were the most common reason for hospitalization among Mexican residents (42.45%), Central and South American residents (42.24%), and residents from Other Continents (13.73%). The average hospital stay was 2 days. Poisson regression confirmed these results, showing that hospitalizations was higher among women (except among foreign residents) and in the ≤ 17 age group. Poisson modeling also showed that trauma injury was the leading cause of discharge for foreign residents after obstetric causes. It is unlikely the upward trend in hospitalizations among foreign residents in Mexico from 2010 to 2019 affected the Mexican public health system, given the small proportion (0.05%) of hospitalizations and the brief length of hospital stay. The increased number of hospitalizations during the study period may be explained by local and national measures to facilitate foreign residents' access to hospital services, while the decrease in hospital utilization in 2020 is likely associated with COVID-19. Geographic location and the most frequent primary discharge categories of hospitalizations within each population could provide evidence for modifications to public health policy in Mexico.

Assessment of psychological terror and its impact on mental health and quality of life in medical residents at a reference medical center in Mexico: A cross-sectional study.

Mobbing, particularly in medical residencies, can lead to psychological terror with lasting mental and physical health consequences. Its impact on Mexican residents, however, remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of psychological terror among medical residents at a medical center in Mexico City. In a cross-sectional study, medical residents from various specialties were assessed for mobbing domains, quality of life, and anxiety/depression using the Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror (LIPT), 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Beck Anxiety Inventory, respectively. Psychological terror was defined as a LIPT score ≥ p80. Linear and binomial logistic regression models were used to explore independent predictors of mobbing and psychological terror. Of the 349 participants included (median age: 28; IQR: 27-30 years), 19.5% (95% CI: 15.5%-24.0%) were identified with psychological terror. Furthermore, 39% reported higher-degree trainees as mobbing perpetrators. Women in surgical residencies in their second or fifth year were found to experience higher levels of mobbing. Manifested bullying, workplace stigma, and inappropriate tasks were the most impacted mobbing domains. Anxiety, diminished mental health quality of life, and higher degree of medical specialization were independent predictors of mobbing. Meanwhile, increased anxiety, affiliation to surgical specialties, and being in the second or fifth year of training were identified as predictors of psychological terror. Mobbing and psychological terror are prevalent conditions among medical residents in Mexico. Identification of occupational conditions and adverse psychological stressors can help to improve quality of life and training of medical residents.

The Great Arab Revolt, Palestine and a Phoenicianist Civilizing

After a brief overview of the development of the Mexican Mahjar press during the first three decades of the 20th century, this paper addresses two crucial debates of the migrant transregional public sphere in the 1930’s and 40’s. The first documented diasporic mobilization around the Great Arab Revolt in British Palestine (1936-1938). The political and social crisis that the Revolt articulated in the Mashriq triggered a storm of press coverage in the Mexican Mahjar which effected a qualitative shift in representation. Palestine was radically transformed. Initially cast as a geography of recreation characterized by natural beauty and Christian pilgrimage to the Holy Land, it became the axis of a heated debate around ‘the Palestine question’ and its moral geography. In this process, ways of representing Jewish populations also changed. They ceased to be understood through an Ottoman history of coexistence of religious traditions in the Mashriq, resignified as a homogeneous people, vector of the imperialist project of European Zionism. Coverage of the Revolt elicited no echo from the mainstream Mexican press or interlocution from the Phoenicianist Maronite migrant notability. The debate failed to engage the Mexican Mahjar with Palestinian ‘Arab futures’, except perhaps in the modality of spectacle. In contrast, in the economically difficult and politically impoverished climate in the wake of the Great Depression, the second key debate was a decade-long conversation across the migrant community and Mexican ideologues of mestizaje about the desirability, or not, of Mashriqis as permanent residents of Mexico and the limits to their integration into the mestizo nation. Notables mobilized modernist Nahda narratives to appropriate ancient Phoenician colonization of the Mediterranean, situating Arab migrants in Mexico as partners to local Spanish descent (criollo) elites in a common civilizing effort over mestizos and Amerindian populations.

Wildlife use and harmful wild species in rural communities around the Communal Natural Protected Area El Gavilán, Oaxaca, Mexico

A large portion of rural human residents in Mexico are established in the states with greater biological diversity, and continue using a variety of wildlife species as sources of protein, fat, medicinal substances, clothes, adornments, ritual objects, and income, among other purposes. Our aims in this study were: 1) identify the main wildlife species that are part of local knowledge and are used, 2) describe the hunting techniques used by inhabitants of rural communities, and 3) identify the main wildlife species considered harmful between two groups of inhabitants of rural communities settled around the Communal Natural Protected Area El Gavilán on the central coast of Oaxaca, in southwest Mexico. We conducted fieldwork during four visits to the communities between June and December 2015. We obtained information through open conversations with structured and in-depth interviews. We calculated the Importance Culture Index (ICI) and the Importance Damage Index (IDI) per wildlife species. We recorded 51 wild species, which are part of the knowledge of the studied communities, and seven different uses were identified. There was no significant difference in the knowledge of wildlife among the study groups, but there was a significant difference in the use of wildlife. In general, the inhabitants of the communities around the NPA El Gavilán have extensive knowledge and make use of its wildlife, but there are differences in the uses of these species. Here we present a synthesis of the most relevant knowledge and uses of wildlife in communities around a natural protected area.

Self-Perceived Mental Health and Perceived Discrimination in Family Physicians and Residents: A Comparative Study Between Men and Women.

The present study aims to examine sex differences in demographic variables, professional activities and adversities, self-reported mental health problems, and perceived discrimination in a sample of family doctors and family medicine residents in Mexico. METHODS: From a larger sample of medical specialists, an analytic, cross-sectional study was conducted with 566 participants, including 317 (56%) family medicine residents and 249 (44%) family doctors in Mexico through an online survey. Demographic features, professional activities and adversities, mental health, and perceived discrimination were examined. Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed. Cramer's V for chi-square tests and Hedge's g for t test were conducted to determine effect sizes. RESULTS: Both sexes displayed similar percentages of professional adversities (such as attending patients with suicidal behavior or who died not by suicide under their care), and a higher number of women reported seeking specialized support to cope with these deaths (Fisher = 0.04). Men perceived greater discrimination (P = .01), worked more hours per day (P < .001) and were more verbally assaulted (P = .04), whereas women reported mental health problems more frequently (P < .001) particularly depression, anxiety, burnout and sleeping problems. Women also reported worse health status (P < .001) when compared with men. CONCLUSION: Family medicine specialists constitute a vulnerable group for mental health problems and perceived discrimination. Particular attention should be paid to how men and women cope with professional adversities to determine whether additional support is required. Interventions should encourage self-care and promote the well-being of health personnel.

One Shell of a Problem: Cumulative Threat Analysis of Male Sea Turtles Indicates High Anthropogenic Threat for Migratory Individuals and Gulf of Mexico Residents

Human use of oceans has dramatically increased in the 21st century. Sea turtles are vulnerable to anthropogenic stressors in the marine environment because of lengthy migrations between foraging and breeding sites, often along coastal migration corridors. Little is known about how movement and threat interact specifically for male sea turtles. To better understand male sea turtle movement and the threats they encounter, we satellite-tagged 40 adult male sea turtles of four different species. We calculated movement patterns using state-space modeling (SSM), and quantified threats in seven unique categories; shipping, fishing, light pollution, oil rigs, proximity to coast, marine protected area (MPA) status, and location within or outside of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). We found significantly higher threat severity in northern and southern latitudes for green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and Kemp’s ridleys (Lepidochelys kempii) in our study area. Those threats were pervasive, with only 35.9% of SSM points encountering no high threat exposure, of which 47% belong to just two individuals. Kemp’s ridleys were most exposed to high threats among tested species. Lastly, turtles within MPA boundaries face significantly lower threat exposure, indicating MPAs could be a useful conservation tool.

Niche dynamics suggest ecological factors influencing migration in an insectivorous owl.

Seasonal migration is a widespread phenomenon undertaken by myriad organisms, including birds. Competing hypotheses about ultimate drivers of seasonal migration in birds contrast relative resource abundances at high latitudes ("southern home hypothesis") against avoidance of winter resource scarcity ("dispersal-migration hypothesis"). However, direct tests of these competing hypotheses have been rare and to date limited to historical biogeographic reconstructions. Here we derive novel predictions about the dynamics of individual niches from each hypothesis and provide a framework for evaluating support for these competing hypotheses using contemporary environmental and behavioral data. Using flammulated owls (Psiloscops flammeolus) as a model, we characterized year-round occupied niche dynamics using high-resolution global positioning system tracking and remote-sensed environmental data. We also compared occupied niche dynamics to counterfactual niches using simulated alternative nonmigratory strategies. Owl occupied mean niche was conserved among seasons, whereas niche variance was generally higher during migratory periods. Simulated year-round residents in Mexico would have experienced putatively more productive niches than migrants. These findings provide ecological support for the "dispersal-migration" hypothesis in which winter resource scarcity is the primary driver of migration rather than summer resource abundances.

A Call for Action for an Association of Program Directors in Surgery in Mexico

General surgery (GS) residency remains among medical students' most pursued post-graduate training programs. However, the vast heterogeneity of GS programs in Mexico remains a cause of concern. For instance, as of 2018, among 169 official programs registered in Mexico, certified by 33 universities, all varied in size, location, academic activities, and surgeries performed. Establishing continuous, uniform, and modern education is of utmost importance. The development of a society solely dedicated to the training and formation of GS residents in Mexico may prove to be a valuable and efficient tool to tackle these issues. On this perspective, we call for action for the creation of a Program Directors Association in Surgery in Mexico to establish an action plan and implement changes that ensure high standards of surgical residencies around the nation. These ideas are relevant for all countries and should be promoted to develop strategies that enhance the quality of surgical education all-around.

Depressive symptoms, maternal feeding styles, and preschool child’s body weight

Introduction. Depressive symptoms (DS) can impact maternal child feeding styles (MCFS), and child’s body weight. Objective. 1. Verify if DS are different depending if the child has, or not, overweight-obesity (OW-OB); 2. Identify the MCFS based on the fact that the child has, or not, OW-OB; 3. Verify it DS are different according to MCFS; 4. Identify DS’s predictors. Method. Correlational cross-sectional study. The participants were 259 dyads (mother- preschool child) residents in Mexico’ Northeast. Mothers answered the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Revised, and the Caregiver Feeding Styles Questionnaire. Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, Kruskall-Wallis H, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed. Results. Twelve point eight percent of the mothers (n = 33) had DS, 35.5% (n = 92) authoritarian MCFS. No significant difference was identified between DS and MCFS according to the child’s OW-OB or lack thereof (U = 5726.0, p #cer# .05 and X2 = .078, gl = 3, p #cer# .05). A significant positive correlation was found between DS and MCFS demandingness (rs = .208, p = .001). The authoritarian MCFS had the highest DS mean (H = 10.70, gl = 3, p #abr# .05). The demandingness predicts the DS (X2 = 826.445, gl = 1, p = .001). Discussion and conclusion. Authoritarian MCFS predominated, DS were higher in mothers with authoritarian MCFS; demandingness predicts DS. It is recommended to promote authoritarian MCFS which favors the development of healthy eating habits.

Estimated Radiation Doses and Projected Cancer Risks for New Mexico Residents from Exposure to Radioactive Fallout from the Trinity Nuclear Test

The first dose reconstruction and cancer risk projection for the population of New Mexico as a consequence of exposure to radioactive fallout from the Trinity nuclear test was published in 2020. This comprehensive evaluation was conducted by investigators from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) with collaborators over a 7-year time period. This technical note primarily summarizes the already published design considerations of that study, the methods of data collection, study limitations, and findings, though it also summarizes important events that took place over several decades that led to the NCI Trinity study. In addition, we discuss two related investigations that were part of the NCI Trinity study: the possibility of intergenerational (genetic) effects among those exposed and an analysis of the whereabouts, quantity, and health implications of the unfissioned plutonium from Trinity. Finally, we provide doses received by the military and civilian participants in the Trinity test as reported by other organizations.

Pet-Human Relationships: Dogs versus Cats.

Simple SummaryHuman–animal interactions have been the focus of research in recent decades, with the primary interest being the dog–owner relationship. The cat–owner relationship has not been as well studied, nor has the comparison between the two types of relationships. To compare these relationships, 132 people residing in Mexico who lived with both dogs and cats were evaluated. The results of the study indicate that the perceived relationship that an individual has with cats is better than that with dogs because the perceived cost of the relationship is greater with dogs and the interaction is greater with cats. However, the emotional closeness that occurs in the relationship is greater with dogs.The study of human–animal interactions has increased, focusing on the dog–owner relationship, leaving a lag in research on the cat–owner relationship and practically a total absence of studies that compare the dog–owner relationship with the cat-owner relationship. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to make this comparison based on the perception of people living with both dogs and cats, considering interaction, emotional closeness, and perceived cost of the relationship. A total of 132 residents in Mexico participated. To evaluate the pet–human relationship, the dog and cat versions of the Monash dog owner relationship scale were used, thus obtaining comparable scores for the relationship with dogs and cats. Based on what the owners reported, significant differences were found. Relationships with cats were better than relationships with dogs, a finding that was confirmed when comparing male dogs and cats and when comparing female dogs and cats. It was concluded that relationships with cats are better because the perceived cost of such a relationship is lower. However, emotional closeness is greater with dogs than with cats.

COVID-19 Vaccine Intention among Rural Residents in Mexico: Validation of a Questionnaire.

The COVID-19 pandemic forced the scientific community and the pharmaceutical industry to develop new vaccines, in an attempt to reach herd immunity and stop the SARS-CoV-2 from spreading. However, to ensure vaccination among the general population, COVID-19 vaccine intention must be measured. So far, no studies have focused on rural residents in Latin America, which represent approximately 20% of the population of this geographical region. In this study, we present the validation of a self-developed questionnaire, which was validated in a pilot study with 40 Spanish-speaking Mexican rural residents in the state of Guerrero, Mexico. In this study, we describe the chronological validation of the questionnaire, including the assessment of its internal consistency and temporal reliability, which we measured with the Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, respectively. After the psychometrical analysis, we were able to validate a 20-item questionnaire, which intends to assess vaccine intention among the rural population. Aiming to develop a comprehensive policy and vaccination strategies, we hope this instrument provides valuable insight regarding COVID-19 vaccination willingness across rural communities in Mexico and Latin America. Finally, if we want to reach worldwide herd immunity, it is important to understand rural residents’ position towards COVID-19 vaccination.

Anxiety and perception of risk of contagion among socially distanced Mexicans residents during the National Healthy Distance Campaign related to the COVID-19 epidemic.

In January 2020, Chinese scientists isolated a novel virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). On January 30th, The World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency. In March, Mexican Health Authorities announced the National Healthy Distance Campaign. This novel policy encourages residents of Mexico to stay at home during the social distancing stage to prevent the spread of the virus.The aim of this study was to evaluate the anxiety and the perception of risk of contagion through six weeks of follow-up during the National Healthy Distance Campaign in Mexico related to the COVID-19 epidemic. This study was empirical, exploratory and longitudinal. 27 Mexican people participated in the study, aged 18-59 years (M=35.4, SD=11.6). Two contextualized instruments were sent by email to participants to evaluate the anxiety levels and perception of risk of contagion for six weeks. Results indicate that anxiety levels were mild trough six weeks of follow-up. Likewise, results in the second survey indicate that perception of risk of contagion levels were moderate. For further studies on this subject, six hypotheses were developed regarding the following topics: content information and information overload, adaptation process, social perception of risk, preventive behaviors, and positive and negative effects of being social distanced.