Residential Succession Research Articles

The Overlooked Ethnic Dimension of Hispanic Subgroup Settlement in New York City

Whereas differences in settlement patterns among European ethnics have long been recognized, Hispanics are often viewed monolithically. The diverse origins of Hispanic immigrants to New York City allow us to examine ethnic differences in Hispanic settlement. We find Puerto Rican, Dominican, and South American clusters across the city, and argue that ethnicity itself is wielded as a potent force as a group moves into a neighborhood and eventually dominates it. This is especially evident in the residential succession currently under way, which is occurring in a new context: Hispanic immigrants are competing to succeed not only Whites, but also departing Puerto Ricans, the city's longest established Hispanic group. At the same time, there are stable Hispanic multiethnic neighborhoods in which shared middle-class backgrounds help cement ethnic relationships. We also examine the racial structure of Hispanic ethnic clusters to highlight how Hispanic ethnic settlement intersects with the city's overall racial hierarchy. We find that a distinct Hispanic ethnic hierarchy exists, with South Americans in the most advantageous position, and highlight the importance of viewing Hispanic settlement through an ethnic prism.

Racial Succession and Residential Mobility in Dallas-Fort Worth and San Antonio

ABSTRACT:This paper examines the differences in residential succession patterns for black, Hispanic, and Anglo-American households in the Dallas-Forth Worth and San Antonio metropolitan areas. Demographic variables such as household income, household size, and age of household head are compared to improve understanding of housing mobility among groups. In addition, relevant variables are analyzed through application of multivariate logistic regressions. It was found that of the demographic variables that play roles in determining interracial residential succession, race was of overwhelming importance. This implies that there is a lack of interaction between housing markets for the different groups in both Dallas-Forth Worth and San Antonio. In San Antonio, however, the Anglo housing market appears to interact more with the other two groups.

Human Ecology and Urban Revitalization: A Case Study of the Minneapolis Warehouse District

Over the past decade, the revitalization of inner-city neighborhoods in post industrial has become an important focus of investigation among social scientists and urban development professionals. Most of these studies have addressed specific factors contributing to or accompanying the revitalization process (Clay 1980; Hodge 1980; Laska and Spain 1980; Sternlieb and Ford 1979; Tobin and Judd 1982; Tournier 1980; Zukin 1985). Historically, the use of human ecological theory for analyzing the issues related to urban change has been limited to the employment of the invasion-succession model. A recent and purportedly novel application of human ecology is Hudson's (1984) study of the invasion of artists into Lower Manhattan, an area now known as SoHo. Based on his findings, Hudson suggests that the perspective of human ecology be expanded to include the deliberate and coercive actions of groups of individuals as a principle factor bringing about change and influencing residential succession. However, other scholars, notably Spain (1989) have questioned whether Hudson has succeeded in refining human ecological theory or has only rediscovered themes previously available in Duncan's (1959) POET model. Hudson's work can also be criticized empirically, as he raises the dubitable claim that the social and economic reconstruction of Lower Manhattan by artists, politicians, and developers adumbrates some trend toward fundamental future alteration in the development of our older post-industrial cities (Hudson 1987, p. 6). The purpose of this study is to address a number of Hudson's assertions regarding the utility of the invasion-succession model for analyzing urban revitalization in post-industrial cities. We specifically focus on Hudson's theoretical approach, and the adequacy of his particular empirical analysis of SoHo, then demonstrate that his theoretical interpretation results in a

A Hedonic Approach to Residential Succession

A model of neighborhood turnover drawn from Bond and Coulson (1989) is proposed. The type of turnover process that is obtained is shown to depend mainly on the hedonic bid functions for housing and neighborhood quality. A demand system of four hedonic attributes is estimated. The main results are that the traditional model of filtering by age of unit does not occur and that filtering by housing size does. Tipping due to changes in median neighborhood income is also quite possible. Tipping through changes in racial composition appears less likely. Copyright 1990 by MIT Press.

SoHo

Human ecological theory has been consistent in its formulation of the process of invasion-succession. Early studies that employed these concepts tended to focus on a particular example of the process, racial residential succession. This focus produced several empirical generalizations as well as a number of normative and ideological connotations. As a result, more recent studies on gentrification and neighborhood revitalization have not employed the concepts even though the empirical studies meet the theoretical criteria. A unique example of the process of invasion-succession is presented in which a residential population successfully invades a commercial and industrial area. This example is used to demonstrate the general application of the concepts to current changes in urban social organization and argues for restoration of the concept of its more generic application as the theory provides.

HOUSEHOLD CHANGE, ACCESSORY APARTMENTS, AND LOW INCOME HOUSING IN SUBURBS∗

This paper describes the characteristics of accessory apartments (rented housing units within owner-occupied single family homes) and the circumstances which give rise to them. Survey data from a New York suburb indicate that these apartments provide inexpensive housing for entry level workers, many of whom are related to the home owners. Analyses suggest that “empty nest’ households who anticipate a decline in income and live in a house whose structure facilitates a conversion are likely to create accessory apartments in their homes. Some implications of these findings for residential succession in suburban areas are explored.

Processes of Hispanic and Black Spatial Assimilation

Processes of Hispanic and black spatial assimilation were examined in selected SMSAs in the southwestern United States using 1960 and 1970 census data. Residential succession was much less prevalent in Hispanic areas than in black areas, and established Hispanic areas were quite rare. However, for both groups average SES fell as areas underwent transition from Anglo to established minority areas. The main difference between Hispanic and black areas was that invasion was followed by succession in less than 50% of cases. Whether tracts lost or gained Anglos following invasion by Hispanics dependend on the objective characteristics of the invaders and the location of the tract relative to established minority areas. Overall, blacks were much less able to translate status attainments into mobility out of the ghetto and into contact with Anglos. Path models of Hispanic and black spatial assimilation revealed structural differences in processes between the two groups. Given the same socioeconomic inputs,the ultimate probability of residential contact with Anglos was much lower for blacks than for Hispanics. Results contradict the view that race is declining in importance within U.S. society.

A Research Note on Residential Succession: The Hispanic Case

Sociologists have long held that residential segregation results from an underlying process of ecological succession. According to the ecological model, residential succession begins with the entry of a minority group into some area occupied by majority members. Following invasion, there is a period of consolidation during which the population of original inhabitants declines while that of the incoming minority grows. Eventually the invading minority displaces former residents entirely to form an established ethnic neighborhood. This model has been applied with great success to depict the dynamics of black-white segregation in U.S. cities. Given rapid rates of black population growth and a slowly growing white population, residential succession predominates to the point that each interracial area can be classified according to its stage in the succession process. Although the ecological model was originally formulated with ethnic immigrants in mind, it has never been directly applied to such groups. This paper directly examines residential succession for one large ethnic group, Hispanics, and contrasts patterns with those observed for blacks.

A Research Note on Residential Succession: The Hispanic Case

A Research Note on Residential Succession: The Hispanic Case

A Temporal Perspective on the Properties of the Index of Dissimilarity

It is demonstrated that the index of dissimilarity ( D), the most commonly used measure of residential segregation, is generally sensitive to the effects of population composition. D is independent of proportion black in an extreme case considered by Duncan and Duncan, but is a logarithmic function of proportion black in two other extreme cases. In the general case, D is in most instances sensitive to compositional changes. It is suggested that the nature of residential succession, in particular the relative stability of the white and black population distributions, influences changes in D. The trend in segregation in Cleveland, Ohio, between 1910 and 1970 is examined in the light of these findings. The properties of a range of other segregation indices are reexamined, and compared with those of D.

The determinants of residential succession with renewal effects

This paper reformulates Brueckner's model of residential succession and tests the predictive capability of two discriminant models. Model A uses the Brueckner variables, and Model B is Model A plus two urban renewal variables and a variable measuring the direction of residential succession in the previous decade. Empirical tests are based on a composite set of census tracts within the City of Pittsburgh, 1950–1960 and 1960–1970. Inclusion of the additional variables and disaggregation of the model by relative income position within the central city (Low, Moderate, Middle, and High) adds a new policy dimension by increasing the predictive capability of the model by about one-third for all central city tracts and nearly three-fourths for moderate income tracts.

A note on the determinants of residential succession

A recent paper by J. Brueckner [ J. Urban Econ., 4, (1977)] presents empirical evidence that the Muth vintage model explains the neighborhood succession process better than the Bailey boundary externality model. This note shows that Brueckner's apparent empirical findings are spurious as a result of the construction of the dependent variable, and do not provide insight into the neighborhood succession process. Re-estimation of the corrected regressions using similar data yields results which are clearly supportive of neither theoretical model.

Residential succession and land-use dynamics in a vintage model of urban housing

This paper adapts the vintage model of urban housing developed in Brueckner (1978) to a two-class city. Computer simulation of the model highlights the differences between static and dynamic urban areas. The contour of building heights is irregular in the dynamic city and spatial mixing of the two income groups occurs.

Residential succession, community facilities and urban renewal in Cheetham Hill, Manchester

(1977). Residential succession, community facilities and urban renewal in Cheetham Hill, Manchester. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies: Vol. 6, No. 1-2, pp. 78-87.

The determinants of residential succession

This study attempts to measure residential succession, or the succession of neighborhoods from high- to low-income occupancy, and to relate its occurrence to explanatory variables suggested by several theories. The good performance of variables measuring the size of dwelling units and the poorer performance of variables designed to capture effects of income levels in adjacent neighborhoods suggest that Muth's “Vintage Model” explains the process better, at the chosen level of aggregation, than does the Bailey boundary externality model.

Toward a Revised Model of Residential Segregation and Succession: Puerto Ricans in New York, 1960-1970

Generally accepted models of ethnic assimilation outline a pattern of decreasing residential segregation associated with increasing similarity to native whites. Similar models for the black population posit continuing residential concentration combined with rapid turnover and succession. Our analysis of data on recent settlement patterns of Puerto Ricans in New York incates that this group is conforming the neither type of previously accepted model. Competition between te Puerto Rican minority and the larger, more economically advantaged black minority, a new set of public housing opportunities, and the return migration of successful Puerto Ricans are actors that were not considered in previously developed models. A new model of residential segregation and succession must incorporate these realites of contemporary urbanization.

Continuities in the Study of Ecological Succession: Changes in the Race Composition of Neighborhoods and Their Businesses

This paper concerns the problem of how residential succession affects the character of one set of local organizations: small businesses in racially changing neighborhoods. A key issue examined is the extent to which the causes and consequences of residential succession account also for the succession of small-busines organizations. Only one type of succession is examined in this paper: the movement of blacks into areas previously occupied by whites. The impact of the transition in residential population on the abandonment of business sites and/or the turnover of business from white to black or Puerto Rican ownership is the particular focus of inquiry. Results of the analysis indicate that the residential succession model fits our data on business succession quite well.

Analysis of Ratio Variables: Opportunities and Pitfalls

In sociological studies it is usually instructive, if not essential, to express the statistical characteristics of a ratio variable in terms of the component variables from which it was formed. Such an analysis may be carried out on either the component variables. To exemplify this approach, Pearson's approximation formulas are introduced and applied to numerical examples. Topics in sociology that might be profitably considered from this point of view are discussed: (1) organizational sociology, (5) residential succession, and (6) complex ratios. The pit-falls of ratio variables and ways of avoiding them are summarized briefly.

Family Composition as a Variable in Residential Succession

Available census materials permit at least a limited investigation of the extent to which family composition is of significance in black residential succession. Census tracts in Chicago were classified by stage of residential succession, and households within these tracts were classified by age of head and presence of wife, children and other relatives of head. It appears that black younger families and those with children lead the way in black penetration, while white older families and those with children lead the white exodus. There is also evidence of some stability of family-type composition in areas undergoing racial transition. The latter may be traced to the characteristics of housing in these areas.

The Negro Population of Chicago: A Study of Residential Succession.

The Negro Population of Chicago: A Study of Residential Succession.