Residential Camp Research Articles

Psychological Evaluation of a Residential Children’s Burns Camp Programme: A Ten-Year Evaluation

Residential burns camp programmes provide help and support to children with burn injuries by providing activities designed to build their confidence and self-esteem. Our regional burns service has been running camps for over 20 years and evaluation is an important part of assessing their effectiveness. In this study, we report both qualitative and quantitative data from 10 consecutive years of burns camps. Qualitative feedback was gathered using Likert scales and free-response questionnaires at the end of camp and six weeks post-camp. Three quantitative outcome measures, the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory v4, the Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES8) and the Satisfaction with Appearance scale (SWAP), were completed before and six weeks after camp. Both children and their parents/carers reported that attending the burns camp was helpful for them/their child; meeting other children with burn injuries and developing confidence and self-esteem were cited as reasons. Parents/carers also reported improvements in their child’s physical and psychological functioning post-camp in some years, although these results were not as clear as the qualitative findings. These findings confirm the importance of providing burns camp programmes for children with burn injuries as part of their post-burn rehabilitation.

Illnesses and Injuries at a Remote American Residential Summer Camp Over 3 Seasons.

Residential and wilderness excursion summer camps are safe, but outdoor activities can lead to injuries. The frequency of various illnesses and injuries at summer camps has been incompletely described. The treatments provided and the need for escalation to higher levels of care are variable. A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted for all visits to a camp infirmary over 3 seasons at a residential summer camp in Minnesota. Seventeen descriptive categories of chief complaints and 13 categories of treatment disposition were created for all 695 eligible infirmary visits. The frequency and illness type for which escalation to a higher level of care beyond the camp infirmary was needed were reviewed. Four hundred one campers sought medical care 695 times over 3 seasons. The most common chief complaints were related to skin (35%), musculoskeletal injury (17%), and upper-respiratory symptoms (15%). The most common treatment and dispositions were over-the-counter medications (43%) and simple bandage or dressing (19%). Escalation of care to a clinic or emergency room was uncommon, with 35 (5%) infirmary visits requiring escalation. Musculoskeletal injuries were the most common reason for escalations of care. While overall less common than musculoskeletal injury, dental injury almost always resulted in escalation of care. An analysis of 3 y of visits to a summer camp infirmary was used by camp medical staff to update protocols and obtain new supplies for diagnosis and treatments. A more complete understanding of the prevalence of injuries and illnesses has the potential to allow better preparation for camp medical staff.

Critical Competencies of 4-H Camp Staff for Achieving High Performance

Camps provide a substantial opportunity for youth to develop important life skills. Identifying and training staff on critical competencies are essential to achieving the desired outcomes for camp participants. The purpose of this study was to determine the most critical competencies of the 4-H residential camp staff for achieving high staff performance. The modified Delphi technique was used to achieve study objectives. The Delphi panel of this study consisted of 23 4-H camping experts from across the United States. This three-round Delphi study led to identify 15 critical competencies that will be useful in standardizing 4-H camp staff training programs.

Investigating the influence of preparation and perceived adult support on student attendance to a residential environmental education program

Do preparation and perceived support from guardians and teachers influence student attendance to a residential environmental education (EE) field trip program? To explore this question, pre-visit surveys were administered to racially diverse sixth-grade students at seven schools invited to attend a residential EE program at no cost, namely NorthBay Education in North East, Maryland, USA. Results indicate that while desire to attend the residential camp did not differ by students’ racial identity, Black and Latinx students were less likely to attend the program. Guardian support to attend and logistical preparation were each positively related to student attendance, irrespective of racial group, with Latinx students reporting the lowest levels of guardian support to attend. Black student attendance was also correlated with geographic and psychological preparation. Tailoring pre-trip preparation and engagement to address the unique needs of each schools’ student body is likely needed to promote student attendance. However, these results indicate that inequities in program attendance persist across racial groups and further investigation into program conception, design, communication, and execution is needed to understand and address this concern.

Counter-Mapping and Migrant Infrastructures: Some Critical Reflections from the "Campscape" of Shatila, Beirut

This article questions the notions of refugee and migrant spaces’ formulations and representations by considering the complex of elements which constitute the refugee camp of Shatila, Lebanon, as articulated by the camp residents themselves. Counter-mapping as methodology and analytical lens serves to reveal, convey, and decodify the proliferating meaning-makings of social, political, and economic relations that uphold the everyday life of the “camp,” determine the shapes of its spaces, and signify its materiality. A reticulated structure of care emerges, described by the notion of migrant infrastructures, from which emanates an invitation to reconsider “informality” of places such as refugee camps as rather extremely developed forms of being and asserting presence.

Retaining Camp's Most Valuable Resource: A Study on the Fulfillment of Counselor Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness and their Impact on Willingness to Return

Within the United States, recruiting, hiring, and retaining seasonal staff continues to be a major concern for the summer camp industry. In fact, retention of qualified seasonal staff was the number two (of seven) top emerging issues among American Camp Association professionals. Low staff retention rates are problematic because training is expensive, re-hiring consumes resources, and too much turnover creates instability. Camp administrators need solutions and tools to better understand, and support components of counselor needs, which in turn could improve staff retention. The current study utilized Basic Needs Theory (BNT), a sub theory of Self Determination Theory (SDT), to explore how the degree of need fulfillment and counselor experiences impact a staff member's willingness to return to work the following summer. Data were collected at a large rural coed residential summer camp and a total of 114 staff (mean age = 20.5, SD = 2.07) participated. The Work Basic Needs Satisfaction Scale (W-BNS) was administered to understand the fulfillment of autonomy, competence, and relatedness among camp counselors throughout the summer. A quasi-experimental design was used and baseline responses (pretest) for W-BNS items, dosage (weeks worked), camper years, counselor years, and willingness to return to work at camp were compared to posttest responses using independent sample t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Multiple regression analysis was used to develop the process and final model to understand the predictors for the dependent variable of staff willingness to return the following summer. Results indicated that dosage was not a significant predictor of willingness to return the following year. In addition, the number of years working at camp was negatively related to staff retention (β = -.402) and camper years positively predicted retention (β = .282). Relatedness (not autonomy or competence) was the most salient basic need predictor of staff retention (β = .288). Camp experience predictors of dosage, camper years, and staff years did not relate to measures of W-BNS but were the only predictors directly related to willingness to return. Results indicated that camp experience and W-BNS items were separate and distinct predictors of a staff member’s choice to return to work. This study expands upon a model for understanding need fulfillment and motivation amongst emerging adults within a summer camp work setting. Camp managerial and programmatic implications related to need fulfillment, training, and culture are discussed.

Addressing barriers to accessing family planning services using mobile technology intervention among internally displaced persons in Abuja, Nigeria

Inadequate access to sexual and reproductive health services is prevalent among women of reproductive age in internally displaced people's camps. To address this, we implemented a mobile technology intervention, known as the Linking Underserved Populations to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services, in the Wassa Internally Displaced People's camp, Abuja, Nigeria. This study aimed to assess the impact of the Linking Underserved Populations to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services Intervention in improving sexual and reproductive health services among women of reproductive age in Wassa Internally Displaced People's camp. A baseline survey was conducted among 105 women of reproductive age in the Wassa camp, followed by the deployment of the Linking Underserved Populations to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services intervention, which delivered family planning messages to camp residents between September 2020 and June 2021. This was followed by an endline survey. The FP utilization data in the camp health post were mined during the period of the intervention and were analyzed using Stata version 15 with a chi-square test performed at a significance level of 5%. Awareness of family planning among women of reproductive age in Wassa camp increased from 54.2% at baseline to 98% at endline. The major reason for refusal of family planning at baseline, which was a lack of spousal consent reduced from 29.5% to 7% at endline. Contraceptive prevalence rate increased from 18.1% at baseline to 26.2% at endline. In addition, 133 new family planning users were recorded at the endline. The uptake of family planning services recorded a strong association with family planning consultations (P<.05; χ2=6.41) and receipt of bulk short message service (P<.05; χ2=4.90). Mobile technology interventions are a recommended strategy that can increase family planning awareness and address barriers to family planning uptake.

Evaluating the Impact of a Paediatric Burn Club for Children and Families Using Group Concept Mapping

Access to burn camps and clubs is cited as an essential element for children following a burn injury. In the Northern Regional Burns Service, this takes the form of a club run by a multidisciplinary team, offering residential camps and family day trips. In this service evaluation, Group Concept Mapping was used to evaluate the perception of the club by staff, children and families. Opportunistic sampling was used to seek responses to the following prompts: “The challenges for children and families after a burn injury are…” and “The role of The Grafters Club is…”. The results indicate that participants perceived the club to be effective at addressing body image and confidence issues for the children but highlighted an unmet parental expectation that the club would also facilitate the sharing of experiences, normalisation of emotional reactions, and processing of guilt and other psychological distress for parents. When taken concurrently with pre-existing evidence in the literature base, it is proposed that a club model of psychosocial support for children and families could provide an accessible and informal opportunity for parental support that may be less subject to barriers perceived with traditional formal psychological support.

A Unique Use of Regional Information Exchange by a Statewide Health System Serving Refugees: "Operation Allies Welcome".

In September 2021, a military camp in the United States was identified for an initial relocation of over 6,600 Afghanistan refugees. This case report describes a novel use of existing health information exchange to expedite and provide health care for a large refugee population throughout the state during the duration of their entry into the United States. Medical teams of the health systems and military camp partnered to provide a scalable, reliable mechanism for clinical data exchange leveraging an existing regional health information exchange. Exchanges were evaluated for clinical type, originating source, and closed loop communication with the refugee camp and personnel military camp. Approximately 50% of the camp residents were under the age of 18 years. Over 20 weeks, approximately 4.51% of the refugee camp residents were cared for in participating health systems. A total of 2,699 clinical data messages were exchanged, 62% of which were clinical documents. All health systems participating in care were offered support to utilize the tool and process set up using the regional health information exchange. The process and guiding principles may be applied to other refugee health care efforts to provide efficient, scalable, and reliable means of clinical data exchange to health care providers in similar situations.

Cultural and Artistic Component of the Camp Leisure of Interned Ukrainian Soldiers in Aleksandrów and Łańcut, Poland (end of 1920 – 1921)

The purpose of the article is to conduct an analysis into the cultural and artistic component of the camp everyday life of interned UPR Army soldiers in the camps Aleksandrów and Łańcut (Poland) at the end of 1920 and in 1921.&#x0D; The scientific novelty lies in the multi-faceted study of the essence of cultural and artistic activity conducted by creative groups from among camp residents, whose events helped enrich everyday life in the camps for interned soldiers.&#x0D; Conclusions. The cultural and artistic life of interned soldiers was manifested most fully in three categories – songwriting of amateur choirs, performances of camp orchestras, work of camp theaters. At the same time, all amateur theatrical and concert events were national in content and spirit and contributed to the spiritual consolidation of the interned Ukrainian soldiers in the difficult conditions of internment. Thanks to the efforts of members of artistic groups, camp residents had the opportunity to regularly attend theater performances, choir performances, and instrumental music concerts. In addition, with the joint efforts of camp artists, various artistic events (‘concert-parties’) were regularly prepared for the internees, which constituted a harmonic combination of various theatrical, choral and musical numbers. Usually, they were concluded by dance sections, which enjoyed constant popularity among all camp residents. Similarly, camp artists cooperated in their efforts during the preparation of theatrical performances, thanks to which the performances acquired greater artistic value. It was also important that women (mostly officers’ wives), some of whom had undeniable artistic talent, were actively involved in the performances.&#x0D; Important cultural and artistic events included the celebration of national and state holidays, days of memory of Taras Shevchenko and Ivan Franko, divisional holidays, a commemoration of the fallen in battles, etc. The joint efforts of camp artists, choristers and musicians significantly contributed to overcoming the threatening tendency towards degradation and dispersal of the interned Ukrainian soldiers. Ukrainian song, music, and dramatic art, to the greatest extent, contributed to the camp residents’ spiritual unification around national values and also allowed them to successfully overcome all the difficulties of the camp’s everyday life.

Hiding in plain sight: IDP's protection strategies after closing Juba's protection of civilian sites

AbstractThis article examines how former Protection of Civilian site (PoCs) residents are staying safe and protecting themselves after the United Nations Mission in South Sudan's (UNMISS) handing over of the PoCs to the Revitalised‐Transitional Government of National Unity (R‐TGoNU). Using key informant interviews, questionnaires, and observations, we establish that those still residing in the PoCs do so with less humanitarian assistance, increased insecurity, and few authorities they can rely upon or turn to for protection. In response, it is shown how camp residents have developed their own safety and protection strategies at the cost of their ability to pursue livelihoods, move freely outside of the camps, and publicly express their identities. Although broadly stable, this situation is unsustainable and risks the safety of camp residents and the wider ongoing peace process. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for humanitarians and R‐TGoNU policymakers interested in their welfare.

National survey of educational impact on pharmacy learners by volunteering at camps for children with diabetes

IntroductionCurrent literature on pharmacy students' and residents' experience attending camps for children with diabetes focuses on the experience at an individual campsite. The objective of this study was to examine the demographics and gains in understanding that pharmacy learners achieve when volunteering as medical staff at camps for children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). MethodsNational listservs were used to identify pharmacists who precept pharmacy students and residents at diabetes camps. These self-identified pharmacists shared pre- and post-camp electronic surveys with their respective pharmacy learners. Statistical analysis was completed using SPSS Version 25 (IBM, Corp.). ResultsEighty-six pharmacy learners completed the pre-camp survey and 69 completed the post-camp survey. Most were Caucasian, in their fourth professional year, and participated in residential camps that lasted six and one-half days on average. Learners consistently engaged in patient care activities including: carbohydrate counting (87%), bolus insulin dose calculations (86%), treatment of hypo/hyperglycemic episodes (86%), blood glucose testing (83%), blood sugar trend evaluation (78%), basal insulin dosing calculations (74%), and insulin pump site changes (72%). Learners demonstrated statistically significant gains in every index measured with the exception of glucometer use. Eighty-seven percent indicated they learned how to appropriately manage T1D, 37% gained empathy for those living with T1D, and 13% learned how to work in a medical team. ConclusionsPharmacy learners who volunteered at diabetes camps experienced large gains in their understanding of concepts and devices, comfort with performing patient care tasks, and compassion for children and their families living with T1D.

Land use and systematic survey in the study of hunter-gatherers from northwestern Patagonia, Argentina

In this paper, we focus on the results of the archaeological research in the Diamante Valley, the southernmost limit of the expansion of agriculture, sedentary societies, and the Inka empire (Fig. 1). We conducted the first fieldwork in this area involving random surface sampling, followed by test pits in open-air sites. Our analyses show changes in the settlement pattern of hunter-gatherer societies. During the first part of the Late Holocene (3000–1500 years BP), hunter-gatherers used the highlands and the piedmont seasonally. The archaeological evidence suggests a context of resource abundance and frequent movements from one patch of resources to the other in both biogeographic units. During the last part of the Late Holocene (post-1500 BP period), the increased demography made hunter-gatherers stay longer in each patch. In this later period, we observe a settlement pattern that combines, on the one hand, short-term particular tasks camps with shallow anthropogenic deposits, low artifactual density, richness, and diversity, and on the other hand, larger residential base camps with deep deposits, high artifactual density, richness, and diversity. We also find differences in how hunter-gatherers use the two biogeographic units. We find short-term non-residential camps and larger residential camps in the piedmont. Here we found versatile toolkits with abundant cores and cortex. Even though basalts are abundant in the highlands, there is a more significant amount of non-local raw materials, such as obsidians. Projectile points and scrapers dominate the assemblages, which might lead to task-specific activities such as hunting and processing guanacos. From these results, we can affirm that Late Holocene hunter-gatherer groups from Diamante Valley had an excellent knowledge of the landscape and took advantage of the different altitudinal gradients' different resources with an organized settlement pattern.

Maximising the benefits of renewable energy infrastructure in displacement settings: Optimising the operation of a solar-hybrid mini-grid for institutional and business users in Mahama Refugee Camp, Rwanda

Humanitarian organisations typically rely on expensive, polluting diesel generators to provide power for services in refugee camps, whilst camp residents often have no access to electricity. Integrating solar and battery storage capacity into existing diesel-based systems can provide significant cost and emissions savings and offer an opportunity to provide power to displaced communities. By analysing monitored demand data and using computational energy system modelling, we assess the savings made possible by the integration of solar (18.4 kWp) and battery (78 kWh) capacity into the existing diesel-powered mini-grid in Mahama Refugee Camp, Rwanda. We find that the renewables infrastructure reduces fuel expenditure by $41,500 and emissions by 44 tCO2eq (both 74%) over five years under the generator’s current operational strategy. An alternative strategy, with deeper battery cycling, unlocks further savings of $4100 and 12.4 tCO2eq, using 33% of battery lifetime versus 15% under the original strategy. This reduces the cost of electricity by 33% versus diesel generation alone, whilst more aggressive cycling strategies could prove economical if moderate battery price decreases are realised. Extending the system to businesses in the camp marketplace can completely offset the system fuel costs if the mini-grid company charges customers the same tariff as the one it uses in the host community, but not the national grid tariff. Humanitarian organisations and the private sector should explore opportunities to integrate renewables into existing diesel-based infrastructure, and optimise its performance once installed, to reduce costs and emissions and provide meaningful livelihood opportunities to displaced communities.

The initial peopling of South American Plains: An overview on Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene settlers in Uruguay

This paper reviews more than 20 years of research about the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene occupations of the Uruguayan plains. The aim of this synthesis is to provide an overview of the available information related to early human peopling of Uruguay. Here, we focus on the main issues discussed over the last two decades: early sites characterization and chronology, human response to climate change, cultural diversity, occupations patterns, mobility and technology. The systematic and continuous efforts made have provided new data and new perspectives regarding the earliest human occupations of the region. We have defined an archaeological complex landscape and ongoing research strategy is based on the three main types of site that compose it: residential camps, cave and rock shelters, and raw material sources. This has allowed us to expand and improve our understanding of the record. The new research and data provided by these sites have led us to propose a settlement model for the region and the period. A cultural diversity has been evidenced through in-depth studies of stratified archaeological sites, cultural sequence, a solid chronological database and lithic technology. Finally, we advance in the characterization of objects of social prestige among hunter-gatherers who occupied the plains during the end of the Pleistocene in Southeastern South America.

Sexual and reproductive health of CDC plantation camp residents: a focus on unmet need for family planning among women in union

BackgroundSexual and reproductive health is crucial to a normal and healthy female life. However, little interest has been placed on this subject particularly in the resource-limited settings of Cameroon. The study assessed the sexual and reproductive health of women in union, resident in the Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC) plantation camps, Cameroon.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study carried out from December 2019 to February 2020 in which a multi-stage sampling was applied in two purposively selected CDC plantation camps (Tiko and Penda Mboko). Out of the 16 clusters making up the camps, 8 were randomly selected using simple balloting. The main street junctions of the sampled clusters were identified and a direction of sampling randomly chosen. All houses left to the data collectors were sampled for eligible participants (one participant per household) and data were collected using validated interviewer-administered questionnaires. The number of participants per cluster was proportionate to population size of cluster. Data was analysed using SPSS 16 and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Regression analysis was used to determine predictors of unmet need for family planning.ResultsOut of the 414 participants included, primary education was the highest level of education for a majority (43.0%). Most of the participants (44.7%) earned between 44.5–89.0USD/month. Relatively high proportions of some sexual and reproductive indicators like early sexual contacts (before 15 years) [87(21.0%)], grand multiparity [41(9.9%)], and abortion ≥ 3 [8(1.9%)] were recorded in the study. Two hundred and seventy-eight (278) participants (67.1%) [95%CI:62.4–71.7] used contraceptives and 90 (21.7%) [95%CI:17.9–26.0] had an unmet need for family planning with 3 major reasons for non-use of contraception among them being fear of side effects, discouragement from the partner, and lack of sufficient information on contraception. Of the different predictors of unmet need for family planning assessed, nulliparity/primiparity were protective for unmet need, and this was statistically significant (AOR = 0.284[0.086–0.934]).ConclusionThe sexual and reproductive health of CDC plantation camp residents is poor, and a health intervention is needed to improve it.

Effects of a One-Week Intensive Wellness Camp on Dietary Behaviors among Southwest American Indian Youth

American Indians (AI) suffer the highest rates of diabetes in the United States (US); a chronic disease that is increasingly prevalent among AI children and is associated with increased risk of cancer. A summer camp was developed to improve disease risk-reducing behaviors, including diet, among AI youth in Arizona. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of a one-week intensive summer health camp conducted from 2016 to 2019 on change in dietary behaviors and compliance for Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) among AI youth. AI children aged 10 to 15 years from several Arizona tribes participated in one-week intensive residential camps. Participants engaged in a week of experiential learning focused on healthy eating and physical activity. Twenty-four hour dietary recalls were collected from AI youth by trained staff six weeks before and six weeks after camp. T-tests were conducted to analyze differences in mean intake pre-and post-camp. Diet recalls for 45 children (boys = 19, girls = 26) were included in the current analysis. Results showed a statistically significant reduction in median intake of total fat by 19.5% (P-value = 0.01), and saturated fat by 14.9% (P-value = 0.01). Further, a statistically significant decrease in median energy intake of 18.7% (P-value = 0.002), a 22.9% decrease in total fat (P-value = 0.01), and 22.3% reduction in saturated fat was observed among boys only. However, post-camp, a higher percentage of girls met guidelines for fruit intake (54% vs 26%), percent saturated fat (23% vs 16%), calcium (7% vs 0%) and whole grains (15% vs 0%), while a higher percentage of boys met guidelines for vegetables (63% vs 50%) and sodium (25% vs 23%). The AI health camp was effective at reducing energy intake (kcals/day), total fat (g/day) and saturated fat (g/day) among participants aged 10 to 15 years. The camp was observed to be more effective at decreasing energy, total fat, and saturated fat intake among boys.

Coloniality and frictions: Data-driven humanitarianism in North-Eastern Nigeria and South Sudan

It is now over a decade since the proclamation of a humanitarian ‘data revolution’, with the rise of ‘innovation’ and the proliferation of ‘data solutions’ rendering data-based humanitarianism an important area of critical investigation. This article contributes to debates within the field by exploring the role of data in the provision of humanitarian assistance within camps for internally displaced persons (IDPs) across north-eastern Nigeria and South Sudan. It draws on qualitative interviews carried out with humanitarian practitioners specialising in data and information management, as well as with camp residents and stakeholders located in each region. The analysis focuses attention on the ways in which epistemic injustices have been further perpetuated by the ‘data revolution’ due to the intensification of paternalistic dynamics associated with the coloniality of humanitarianism. It shows how a logic of extractivism structures the humanitarian data ecosystem, while also generating a series of tensions and disagreements. Data-driven humanitarianism, the article concludes, is characterised by recurring colonial dynamics as well as intensified frictions that bring epistemic injustices into sharper focus.

Covid-19 case management in a Greek migrant camp: The Hellenic Red Cross Mobile Health Unit intervention in Nea Malakasa temporary accommodation center

IntroductionSince the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic the scientific community had expressed its concerns about increased transmission of the virus within asylum seeker accommodation centers due to substandard living conditions and poor sanitation. Studies regarding management of Covid-19 cases in such facilities are urgently needed in order to guide international strategies on future pandemics within the humanitarian setting. Our study's paradigm of Covid-19 case management in a Greek migrant camp aims to add on existing data. Data and MethodsA retrospective analysis of epidemiological and demographical data collected as part of a healthcare intervention in a Greek migrant camp during three Covid-19 epidemic waves is presented in this study. Descriptive statistics were generated using STATA 12. ResultsDuring the first wave, the camp's administration adopted a 2-month strict lockdown strategy and no positive cases were recorded. During the second wave, suspected coronavirus cases were referred for PCR testing and, in case of positivity were hospitalized. 3% (n = 28) of the camp's population were referred for PCR, with 1% of the population (n = 10) being tested positive for Covid-19 and admitted to hospital. Close contacts of positive cases were encouraged to comply with non-pharmaceutical interventions and were offered medical care if symptoms developed. During the third epidemic wave, in-camp management was decided by on-site operators, with rapid antigen testing of symptomatic individuals, daily monitoring of positive cases by the medical team and mass screening of their closed contacts. 4% (n = 33) of the camp's residents were tested positive, while none was hospitalized. 19% (n = 148) of the camp's population were considered close contacts, were advised to self-isolate and were offered mass screening with rapid antigen test, from which another 21 positive cases emerged. In total, 7% (n = 54) of the camp population, (n = 21) female adults, (n = 24) male adults and (n = 9) children, were infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the third epidemic wave, with no deaths being recorded. During the study period, only 50 residents had received one dose of Covid-19 vaccines. ConclusionWe recommend an in-camp Covid-19 response featuring regular follow up of positive cases and prompt referral to tertiary centers based on clinical criteria, while overemphasizing the need for equitable access to primary healthcare for asylum seekers in Greece, primarily during the current pandemic. Prolonged camp lockdowns should be avoided as they pose substantial health risks for their vulnerable population.

Špecifiká prípravy detského tábora pre deti so zdravotným znevýhodnením

Summer camp is one of the occasional leisure activities that are very popular with children. It has a long history and many forms. At the present time, we can meet with the organization of summer camps focusing on various areas of activity, but also on a specific group of children. One of the specific groups of children is also children with disabilities. This is a group of children who may have various limitations in the performance of their leisure activities, resulting from their disability. Here, in this contribution, we focused on identifying the specific requirements that arise in the preparation of a summer residential camp for children with disabilities, specifically for children with cardiovascular diseases. Based on interviews with ten respondents who have long-time been organizing of the camp for this specific group, we found that the organization of summer camps need to take into account the health of children, their higher fatigue, safe and barrier-free environment, as well as constant presence of the doctors and paramedics throughout the children's stay in the camp. The theme of the camp also seems to be significant.