Views Of Residents Research Articles

A qualitative interview study comparing and contrasting resident and staff perspectives of engaging in meaningful activity in a UK care home

The provision of meaningful activities in care homes is essential for maintaining residents' mental and physical health, yet many do not get adequate opportunities to participate. This qualitative study explored resident and staff perceptions of engaging in meaningful activities in a residential care home for older people (aged over 65 years) in South London, UK. Nine residents and eleven staff members were recruited and their experiences explored through semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed thematically, and three themes emerged. (1) Appreciation of activity: both staff and residents were aware of the benefits of activity to physical and mental health, yet there was a lack of provision within the home. (2) Residents' desire for engagement: residents perceived themselves as active individuals who had previously enjoyed activities, and had goals that they wanted to achieve. This was in contrast to views of care staff, who perceived residents as inactive, lacking in motivation and sedentary due to intrinsic factors such as their age. (3) Impact of care home culture and physical space: staff and residents perceived different barriers to activity; staff reported they were often expected to take on multiple roles within the home leading to a lack of time to engage residents in activities, whilst residents perceived that the layout and design of the home hindered provision. It was concluded that comparing and contrasting views of residents and staff could assist residential homes to reach greater levels of shared understanding of activity provision and highlight particular areas to target for increasing activity engagement.

Sudden stops of capital flows: Do foreign assets behave differently from foreign liabilities?

We study the determinants of sudden stops in capital flows to emerging markets. Using gross international asset and liability flows (from the point of view of domestic residents), we identify three types of situations: countries that do not experience any type of sudden stops; those who experience a sudden stop in inflows (liabilities), but no sudden stop in their net financial account of the balance of payments; and countries who suffer a sudden stop in inflows and in their net financial account. Based on these three events, we estimate a multinomial logit model and obtain two important results. We find that developed countries have about the same probability of experiencing sudden stops in gross capital inflows as emerging economies. Moreover, the probability of experiencing a sudden stop in gross inflows that winds up becoming a sudden stop in the financial account is affected by the behavior of a country's international assets: countries whose agents possess assets abroad tend to repatriate them during periods of sudden stops in inflows, while the economies of countries whose agents do not possess foreign assets are much more sensitive to the behavior of foreign investors: a sudden stop in inflows can have very adverse effects on output and employment.

Dilemmas of Ethics in Practice in Longitudinal Health Research: Identifying Opportunities for Widening Participation of Residents.

Background: Mechanisms for widening participation of local participants in research studies can improve governance of public health research. Research conducted in longitudinal health study areas depends on there being mutual trust and respect over time between the local residents and researchers. Ethics in practice needs consideration alongside procedural ethics. By widening participation of the experimental public—local residents and resident service providers—ethics in practice and accountability are strengthened.Methods: The study was undertaken in a longitudinal health study area in rural South Africa using multiple qualitative methods. The sample included 35 individual and five group interviews with resident local leaders and service providers, 24 individual and eight group interviews with residents of the study area, and ten researchers' reflections on two critical incidents from ethnographic field notes on dilemmas of ethics in practice. The interviews were all audio-recorded (besides one where consent to record was not given) and then transcribed verbatim and translated from Shangaan into English. Thematic analysis was conducted.Results: Residents requested the reporting back of personal screening test results from research studies, and raised informed consent issues. Researchers recognized the importance of mechanisms to increase their accountability to residents throughout the research process, and the complexity of informed consent and fieldwork procedures within research studies.Conclusion: This study elicited the views of residents and researchers in a longitudinal health study area to seek guidance on how to strengthen participation in research governance. Three strategies were identified by participants to widen participation of the experimental public. Firstly, increasing study budgets so that individual screening test results could be personally delivered back to participants. Secondly, more rigorous field staff training in informed consent and study procedures with ongoing monitoring and supervision from researchers. Thirdly, increased earlier involvement of residents in research protocol development through study advisory groups. Additional strategies include deeper involvement of Community Advisory Groups and more focused dissemination of research results to specific audiences. In general, there is a need to identify strategies for increased accountability of researchers and participatory governance through involvement of the experimental public in all aspects of longitudinal public health research as part of the ethics in practice and democratization of science.

The position of women in the Far East villages in the period of «late» socialism

The paper analyzes the transformation of the female rural population position of the Far East in the USSR in 1970 - the first half of 1980 under the influence of a set of factors. The peculiarities of the geographical location of the region, its level of development, acceleration of life processes in rural areas, rapid dissemination of information and other factors had a significant impact on rural women. This influence was controversial and ambiguous. On the one hand, the role of a woman in the family changed, her activity as an employee increased, her well-being, cultural and educational level increased. On the other hand, becoming more independent, the woman aspired to better working and living conditions, career growth, free time increase, but in rural areas it was difficult. Despite the special attention of the state to the Far East and the activities aimed at the development of rural areas, life in the villages did not meet the urban views of local residents. The result of this transformation was a focus on childlessness for a large part of young people and moving to urban areas. Against the background of the village it was perceived as an incomparably better place of residence.

Regulatory Factors of the View of the Local Residents on the Diversification of Participant in Traditional Festivals

Regulatory Factors of the View of the Local Residents on the Diversification of Participant in Traditional Festivals

DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SELECTED COMMUNES OF THE LUBELSKIE VOIVODESHIP IN THE OPINION OF THEIR RESIDENTS

The goal of the study was to identify the level of local development and assess the directions of activities affecting it from the point of view of residents representing the surveyed communes. The H1 research hypothesis – that there is a positive relationship between the pro-development activities preferred by the residents and commune’s current level of development – underwent verification. The research scope included 24 communes from the Lubelskie Voivodeship. The research basically covered 2017. This study utilized the Hellwig’s development model method and the questionnaire survey method. The Hellwig’s model method made it possible to divide the analysed units into four groups regarding their level of development. The survey was used to identify and evaluate activities which, in the opinion of the respondents, are supposed to boost the development of the communes in the future depending on the level of their development to date. As a result of the conducted research, no statistically significant differences were found between the respondents representing communes that differ in the level of local development in terms of evaluation of the importance of particular activities for the communes’ development.

Adding Long-term Value to the Residency Selection and Assessment Process.

The residency selection process is challenging for both applicants and programs. This is particularly true in competitive specialties such as otolaryngology. The importance of noncognitive competencies in successful residents has been well demonstrated in both medicine and surgery. Unfortunately, there is no streamlined or uniform process for incorporating this information into the selection and training of residents. This review provides a summary of innovative approaches in the selection of residents in otolaryngology and the important role these methods and associated data can play in resident selection and training. The goal of these processes is to create a holistic view of potential residents so programs can enhance the development of current residents and boost long-term success in our specialty. Laryngoscope, 130:65-68, 2020.

Residency training in Ghana: the residents' perspective.

Prior to 1973, West African citizens completed postgraduate medical and surgical training abroad, particularly in the United Kingdom. In 2003, the Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons were established respectively and began to offer specialized training locally. The aim of this study was to obtain and evaluate the views of Medical and Surgical Residents of the GCPS on their training in Ghana. A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken whereby a 25 item, self-administered questionnaire, was distributed to 170 residents of Korle Bu and Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospitals in Ghana. Information regarding the residents' sociodemographic characteristics, level of residency, and satisfaction with the programs in terms of clinical supervision, didactic teaching, program duration and research training was collected. 117 residents completed the survey, yielding a response rate of 68.8%. 59.8% were males and 40.2% females. The age of the residents ranged from 25 to 40 years with a mean age of 32.7+1.4 years. Majority of residents (92.3%) were satisfied with the duration of the programs . Slightly more than half of the residents (50.4%) were satisfied with the clinical supervision, however only a third of the respondents (33.3%) were satisfied with the didactic teaching and an even smaller percentage (17.1%) with research training. Whilst majority of residents were satisfied with the duration of the residency program, the perspective of the respondents was that trainees would benefit from additional didactic teaching and increased research exposure. None.

'If I pay rent, I'm gonna smoke': Insights on the social contract of smokefree housing policy in affordable housing settings.

Smoke-free housing policy in multi-unit housing has emerged as a promising tobacco control initiative, yet full compliance remains elusive and is a critical impediment to policy effectiveness. There is a gap in existing research on potential factors preventing optimal smoke-free policy adoption and corresponding solutions. Using qualitative and quantitative data from resident surveys (N = 115) as well as key informant interviews, a focus group, and observational fieldwork, this study 1) assesses smoking behaviors and experience with secondhand smoke in buildings after adoption of a smoke-free policy; 2) examines resident and property management perceptions of the policy; and 3) identifies socioecological factors that influence the policy's effectiveness in affordable housing settings in New York City. Findings indicate that residents view smoking regulations within the context of broader relationships with the housing provider and other residents. We argue that these "social contracts" strongly influence the effectiveness of smoke-free housing policies and must be acknowledged to maximize compliance.

Local residents’ views of surface mining: Perceived impacts, subjective well-being, and support for regulations in southern Appalachia

Growing public demand for cleaner technologies and alternative energy sources has challenged the sustainability of traditional industries like coal mining. Public support for mining in rural communities may depend partly on how local residents perceive its impacts on their well-being. Nonetheless, community perceptions of and attitudes toward mining have received limited empirical attention. This study surveyed long-term residents of predominantly mining counties in eastern Kentucky to assess how residents perceive environmental change and subjective well-being relative to mining activities and how the perceived impacts of mining and their confidence in reclamation influence their support for public policies regulating surface mining. While residents noted some changes in natural environment conditions over the years, mining operations were not perceived as responsible factor for those changes. We also found that surface mining currently enjoys overwhelming public support, mainly because local residents view mining as part of their community identity and are skeptical about environmental concerns relative to the benefit mining brings. Occupation in mining, perceived past impact, and future risk were all negatively related to subjective well-being. Support for regulations to stop surface mining in the region was significantly impacted by perceived risks and benefits, confidence in reclamation efforts, attitudes toward the mining industry, and trust in local institutions. Considering the ongoing policy debates surrounding cleaner technology and concerns for economic growth in rural areas, this study provides insights on community perception and acceptability of surface mining that will inform policy making and regional development planning in southern Appalachia and similar regions.

Explaining cruisers’ shore expenditure through a latent class tobit model: Evidence from the Canary Islands

This study analyzes the expenditure patterns of cruise ship passengers during stopovers in the Canary Islands, which is a key variable for evaluating the economic impact of this type of tourism from the point of view of local key stakeholders and residents. Information on cruisers’ expenditure was collected in each port of call by survey responses for six cruise seasons, during the period 2001–2015. Through a latent class model in a framework of censured regression, three distinct groups of passengers were identified. This approach fills a gap in the empirical tourism literature in order to achieve more accurate results to deal with cruise travelers’ heterogeneity. Moreover, the identification of these homogeneous groups is important so as to better design policies that allow for higher tourism economic impact onshore. Our findings suggest that it would be ideal to attract more class 1 cruise passengers.

The politics of cholera, crisis and citizenship in urban Zimbabwe: ‘People were dying like flies’

Abstract Zimbabwe’s catastrophic cholera outbreak of 2008/09 resulted in an unprecedented 100,000 cases and nearly 5,000 deaths. In the aftermath of the epidemic, questions of suffering and death and of rescue, relief, and rehabilitation have persisted in on-going processes of meaning-making through which people come to terms with the epidemic as a ‘man-made’ disaster. Based on extensive fieldwork, I examine the views of residents in Harare’s high-density townships that were epicentres of the disease. I argue that cholera was experienced by township residents as many crises at the same time. It was not only a public health crisis but also a political–economic crisis, a social crisis as well as a crisis of expectations, history and social identity. As such, I argue that the cholera outbreak was intensely generative of political subjectivities that reveal important shifts in the fraught relations between state and society in Zimbabwe’s urban politics. Finally, I argue that the government’s perceived causal role in, and failure to respond to, the cholera outbreak occasioned intense public outrage among township residents, which speaks to a much deeper aspiration for substantive citizenship based on political rights, social recognition, and access to high-quality public services delivered by a robust, responsible state.

Модель мовної політики у контексті пострадянської парадигми.

The paper examines the model of language policy in the context of the post-Soviet paradigm, which is based on Russia and pro-Russian politicians acting in their interests, aimed at destroying all Ukrainians in order to prevent Ukraine from happening as a state, while Ukrainian citizens did not consider themselves Ukrainian and preserved post-Soviet, that is, pro-Russian consciousness. In spite of Russia’s efforts, at the end of 1991, a new Ukrainian political community, which was different from the Soviet one, who got rid of signs of Soviet affiliation and declared to be willing to live in an independent state, began to be formed at the All-Ukrainian referendum. This made it possible to formulate its own model of linguistic policy by means of modernization, relying on national interests, democratic values and the Ukrainian language as a unifying symbol of the Ukrainian people. It was found out that the post-Soviet consciousness of the inhabitants of the South and East of Ukraine retained its influence through pro-Russian-minded politicians who, in pursuit of the goal during all years of independence, pursue a destructive language policy directed at their own interests, ie the conquest of power, in Ukraine. Manipulation of citizens’ consciousness has led to revolutionary events in Ukraine that have changed the views of many residents of the East and South of the state in understanding such categories as Ukrainian language, Ukrainian history, Ukrainian traditions, national idea, Ukrainian autochthonous nation, independence and others. It was proved that in the first years of the 1990s, a new model of linguistic policy was developed by representatives of national democrats who revived their activities in the territory of independent Ukraine and adopted the Declaration on State Sovereignty, as well as public activists who fought for freedom for the state and its inhabitants. However, the pro-Russian political forces used the fruit of this cooperation, and Russia was guided by the post-Soviet consciousness and behavior.

Wybrane aspekty transformacji funkcji i stopnia przenikalności granicy polsko-rosyjskiej = Selected aspects of the transformation in function, and permeability, of the Polish-Russian border

The Polish-Russian border is unique, and for many reasons. One of these relates to the role of Kaliningrad Oblast vis-à-vis Russia on the one hand, and the EU and NATO on the other, making it clear how strategically important he District is from the geopolitical point of view. A second wider issue of course concerns Russia’s position on the international stage. Unsurprisingly, the Polish-Russian border has been characterised by a significant dynamic where changes of function and permeability are concerned. Given that the border plays a role even at global level, transformations that have occurred relate to changes in EU/Poland-Russian relations, even if such top-down considerations neglect a further significance from the point of view of border residents who must struggle with issues of lack of access to a stable border. The aim of the work detailed in this paper was thus to identify the functions played by the Polish-Russian border across the whole 1990–2018 period, as well as the associated degree of permeability. And despite a relatively rich literature devoted to the border in question, it is possible to note relative neglect of the matter of how that border was created and shaped, as well as a real lack of analyses when it comes to variability in status post-2012. This gap in the Polish literature, in particular, is bridged in the present paper, whose author sought the answers to three key research questions. These related to whether, and to what extent, the Polish-Russian border actually represented a barrier; to the factors determining variability of function and permeability; and to the impact of any instability of functioning on the everyday lives of inhabitants in the Poland-Kaliningrad border region. Analysis of the material compiled makes it clear that the greatest impact on the role of the border in question is that exerted by individual decisions of central governments and the European Parliament. For the years 1990–2018 saw the border’s status change under the influence of, for example: the introduction of visa-free travel (1990–1997), the Act on Foreigners (1998–2003), Poland’s accession to the EU (2004–2007), Poland’s accession to the Schengen Area (2008–2011), the introduction of local border traffic (2012–2016), the Crimean crisis (from 2014) and suspension of local border traffic (from 2016). Additionally, the role of the border has been changed by the state of border infrastructure, procedures, the image of Russia, global trends relating to borders and relations nurtured by ruling political parties.

Two sides of the same neighborhood? Multilevel analysis of residents' and child-welfare workers' perspectives on neighborhood social disorder and collective efficacy.

Neighborhood processes have been shown to influence child maltreatment rates, and accordingly neighborhood-based strategies have been suggested as helpful in intervening in and preventing child maltreatment. Although child-welfare workers are at the forefront of child maltreatment work, little is known about the extent to which their perspectives on neighborhood processes related to child maltreatment align with those of neighborhood residents. The current study examined the views of neighborhood residents (n = 400) and neighborhood-based child-welfare workers (n = 260) on 2 neighborhood process measures: social disorder and collective efficacy. Because social disorder is viewed as a risk factor for child maltreatment and collective efficacy is viewed as a protective factor, child-welfare workers and residents of neighborhoods need to reach a common understanding of these factors in order to reach agreement on the safety of children in these neighborhoods. The samples of neighborhood residents and child-welfare workers were nested within 20 neighborhoods in Cleveland, Ohio. Multilevel modeling taking into account individual and neighborhood characteristics indicated that child-welfare workers consistently tended to perceive higher social disorder and lower collective efficacy compared to residents. Neighborhood characteristics were associated with residents' and child-welfare workers' perspectives on social disorder in different ways. Differences between residents and child-welfare workers concerning perceptions of neighborhood processes have implications for better understanding the context and improving the effectiveness of neighborhood-based interventions to prevent child maltreatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

СИСТЕМА ТОЧОК ЗОРУ ЯК СПОСІБ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ПЕРСОНАЖА В ПОВІСТІ В.К. ЖЕЛЄЗНИКОВА «ОПУДАЛО»

Взаємозв’язок між наративом художнього твору і системою образів є одним з важливих аспектів дослідження сучасної наратологіі. У статті зроблено спробу наративного аналізу системи точок зору, створеної В.К. Желєзниковим у повісті «Опудало». Мета дослідження – виділити й охарактеризувати різні точки зору, які формують образ головної героїні даного твору. Протягом розвитку сюжету твору точка зору на головну героїню змінюється. Її внутрішній світ, вчинки та поведінка аналізуються крізь призму сприйняття оповідача, її дідуся, однокласника, а також за допомогою передачі її власних переживань. Використовуючи методику аналізу точок зору, запропоновану В. Шмідом, ми виділили такі типи точок зору, представлені в повісті: однополюсна нарраторіальна, однополюсна персональна та різнополюсна. Було відзначено, що в характеристиці образу головної героїні з точок зору оповідача і Миколая Миколайовича простежується ніжне та дбайливе ставлення до дівчинки, яке виражається на рівнях сприйняття, оцінки та мови. Велике місце в оповіді твору займає розповідь героїні дідусеві про минулі події, які відбулися з нею. У цьому зізнанні дівчинка аналізує свої вчинки та почуття і таким чином транслює власну точку зору на себе. Точки зору однокласників і інших жителів містечка з приводу Оленки представлені в тексті «Опудала» спорадично. Про їхнє ставлення до дівчинки читач дізнається з розповіді самої героїні. Відсутність відношення городян до героїні може свідчити як про їх байдужість до дівчини, так і про свідому відмову автора включати їх негативні характеристики, які могли б негативно відбитися на образі Оленки. Таке рішення може бути пов’язано також із прагненням автора посилити виховну функцію, яку несе в собі твір для дітей. У роботі ми прийшли до висновку, що В.К. Желєзников розглядає образ дівчинки з різних точок зору для створення багатогранного портрета героїні та більш повного розкриття її внутрішнього світу.

Responsible tourism in Bangkok, Thailand: Resident perceptions of Chinese tourist behaviour

AbstractThis study uses mixed methods to assess resident views of Chinese tourist behaviour in the world's, and China's, most travelled to destination: Bangkok, Thailand. Analysis of 10 semistructured interviews informed the creation of a responsible tourism framework and subsequent survey administered to residents at three scenic spots in the city. Multiple linear regression tested three responsible tourism indices in predicting whether residents considered Chinese tourist behaviour to be responsible overall. Findings highlight environmentally ethical behaviour as a key component of responsible tourist action, providing theoretical insights into what comprises responsible tourism and presenting implications for behaviour‐based analyses of destination sustainability.

An Investigation of the Differences that Exist between Generations in Relation to Supporting Dark Tourism in Northern Ireland

In dark tourism research there is a scarcity of literature that discusses Northern Ireland as a dark tourism destination. This research study was undertaken to investigate the difference in the level of support for dark tourism in Northern Ireland between the generations who lived through the Troubles and those who heard about them. This study employed a qualitative research method based on the completion of focus groups consisting of Protestants and Catholics from different generations. This allowed the authors to gather the views of different Northern Ireland residents' groups. The research found that the views of the younger generation (aged 18-35) and the middle-aged generation (36-55) are similar. These generations believe that the Troubles should be utilised for the purpose of dark tourism as this will benefit Northern Ireland financially and socially. In contrast, the older generation (aged 56-75+) believes that the Troubles are too recent to be exploited for dark tourism development. This is in line with the literature on the topic that was consulted as part of this research.

Taking preventative health messages into the wider caring professions: the views of housing staff and tenants.

In order to harness the potential impact of the wider public health workforce, innovative services are providing opportunities for social housing staff to extend their public health role. This study explored the views of housing professionals and social housing residents on the delivery of preventative health messages by housing staff in the context of the evaluation of the roll-out of a new service. We conducted semi structured interviews with 21 neighbourhood housing officers, 4 managers and 30 social housing tenants to understand their views on the widening role and the potential impact on the preventative healthcare messages being delivered. Neighbourhood officers were willing to discuss existing health conditions with tenants; but they often did not feel comfortable discussing their lifestyle choices. Most tenants also reported that they would feel discussions around lifestyle behaviours to be intrusive and outside the remit of housing staff. Resistance to discussions of lifestyle topics during home visits was found among both housing staff and tenants. Appropriate staff training and the development of strong and trusting relationships between officers and tenants is needed, if similar programmes to extend the role of housing staff are to succeed in terms of health impact.

Urban spaces quality enrichment based on aesthetic values of historical fabrics of Isfahan, Iran

Historical fabrics are precious cultural heritages of each country that have aesthetic value, which deserves to be protected. Aesthetic values are categorised as objective and subjective, where subjective value is about aesthetics that is perceived by the beholder. Therefore, this study emphasises the subjective aspect of historical fabrics. From previous research studies, much remained in providing some aesthetic principles, so the basic issue discussed in this study is to investigate the methodology of implementing the principles of aesthetics in the design of urban fabrics. The fundamental purpose of this research is to attain the component of the concept of beauty in historical fabrics by understanding the subjective preferences of residents and offering practical guidelines on various aspects of urban design framework. Therefore, the factors that the residents view in three historical fabrics of Isfahan with different physical and social characteristics led to the formation of aesthetic values, derived from survey procedure, library and field studies and the questionnaire method. Finally, these factors were arranged in different dimensions of urban design. It resulted in proposing some strategies about the methods of applying the aesthetic principles in urban design of recently built areas and also in the preservation of historical fabrics.