Resident Students Research Articles

Case study: Managing a meningococcal B outbreak at a university

During the end of March and early April 2017, three University of Surrey students were confirmed as having contracted meningococcal B. The three cases were declared a cluster by Public Health England (PHE) and led to an urgent multi-agency response to protect 4,296 students in university residences identified as being at risk. This case study shows how the university had to arrange and communicate the need for two separate vaccinations, four weeks apart to more than 4,200 students. This timescale meant overlapping with examinations, and had to be complete before students went home for the summer. The immunisation, carried out by teams from Children and Family Health Surrey would be the largest meningococcal B vaccination programme as the result of an outbreak ever carried out in Europe, and achieved very high coverage rates. University staff worked closely with PHE, health and local partners, meningitis charities and the Students’ Union to set up the vaccinations, while also maintaining business-as-usual operations. The case study shares the learning and highlights some of the challenges involved in responding to protracted contagious and notifiable disease outbreaks.

Layered learning pharmacy practice model in Ethiopia.

Ethiopia is home to a growing population of more than 100 million people. Healthcare in the region functions with a shortage of oncologists. Pharmacists as well as other healthcare providers can assist with expanding patient access to cancer care. A pilot project was proposed to provide education, determine areas to expand pharmacy services in oncology, and recommend interventions at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Addis Ababa University. A layered learning practice model comprising of a clinical pharmacist, a post-graduate year two oncology pharmacy resident, and two fourth-year student pharmacists was constructed for the experience. Through collaboration with the College of Pharmacy at Addis Ababa University, an international experience was developed to provide education and advance pharmacy practice at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Based on findings from a needs assessment, the participants collaborated with key stakeholders to develop practices and procedures for the implementation of high-dose methotrexate and for comprehensive chemotherapy order review. In addition, 17 didactic lectures were provided to nine students enrolled in the Master of Pharmacy in Pharmacy Practice at the College of Pharmacy at Addis Ababa University. This experience provided educational and clinical impact using a layered learning practice model, consisting of a clinical pharmacist, pharmacy resident, and pharmacy students in an international setting. There is significant potential for clinical pharmacy to positively impact patient care in the oncology setting in Ethiopia. Future initiatives for advancement include the safe handling of hazardous agents, additional therapeutic drug monitoring, and outpatient oncology pharmacist practice.

Comparison of two alternative approaches to quality STEM teacher preparation: Fast‐track licensure and embedded residency programs

AbstractAlternative pathways to teaching licensure were developed to address teacher shortages. These programs differ widely, making it difficult to generalize the effects. This study compares the impact of two alternative licensure programs on the development of fundamental elements of science teacher preparation and persistence. The fast‐track programs include a 6‐month teacher preparation program and a one‐year residency teacher preparation program. The study concluded that licensure type was unassociated with the impact on teaching self‐efficacy, beliefs about teacher‐focused/student‐focused teaching, preferences for inquiry instructional practices, and experiences with student misbehavior. However, the study revealed that licensure type was associated with a number of other variables: residency students had more confidence in their ability to provide quality instruction; preferred inquiry‐based instruction more often; and may be better prepared for the high‐needs classroom. Those in the 6‐month program were more likely to score higher on practical versus theoretical approaches to teaching, and while they had a more realistic idea of how to measure success in the high‐needs classroom, the residency students had more knowledge of educational theory and how to apply it. Findings suggest that more traditionally licensed teachers may be more inclined to use inquiry‐based methods suggested in current reforms.

Benchmarking Energy consumption in Nigeria Universities

That energy is an important development factor is now common knowledge. Without energy, services and societal activities will virtually grind to a halt. In Nigeria, there are several federal and state universities that receive their funding from the government. Because of their peculiar nature as knowledge-transfer-based institutions, the energy source predominantly in use in the universities is electricity. Therefore, the issues of electric energy availability, consumption and costs in universities with resident students and staff quarters can present a formidable challenge to any responsible administration. Due to the inadequate and epileptic supply of electricity in our universities, this paper establishes the need for baseline energy consumption profile in the Universities as a framework for future energy savings scheme and policy formation. This will help to identify where energy is being wasted, together with appropriate energy efficiency measures that can be considered in order to reduce energy consumption, costs and mitigate associated environmental externalities.

Weekday trip patterns of students in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Data used were obtained from Obafemi Awolowo University Annual Report publication, questionnaire administration and interview on socioeconomic characteristics of off-campus resident students; travel characteristics and mobility pattern; perception on the availability of transport infrastructure as well as factors that determine the decision to reside off-campus. Results showed two main types of mobility patterns, viz: unidirectional (89.8%) and bidirectional (10.2%) movements. An average student spends between ₦31 and ₦175 (US$ 0.09 and US$ 0.48); and between 15 and 30 minutes, daily from their residence to the university. Gender, amount paid on house rent, family house ownership, and source of income were the main factors determining the choice of residential location among students. Proximity to bus stops and/or junctions, quick and easy access to motorcycles and buses, and nearness to park or garage were the most important factors that influence accommodation location choices among the off-campus resident students. The study concluded that transport infrastructure influenced the residential location decisions among off-campus resident students in the study area.

Health care accessibility and disparities in medical staff availability in Latvia

The Health care accessibility for inhabitants, especially in rural regions, is related to the problem of the medical staff availability in state and municipal hospitals and ambulatory institutions as well as for General Practitioners. Despite the fact, that there are two state Universities – University of Latvia and Rıga Stradiņš University, as well as colleges, that educate medical staff – there is a lack of human resources in health care institutions in Latvia. The Ministry of Health and municipalities had several initiatives to solve this problem – changes in regulations for Residency students, programme financed by European Funds with obtainable funding in the amount of 10 million euro, as well as different stimuli and programmes from municipalities. The research explores the current situation with staff availability and, basing on interviews and outcomes, analyzes the effectiveness of the available programmes to attract human resources, and predict the impact and outcomes of those activities. The results showed that all the programmes had some fragmented positive impact and partially solve the problem, but those activities will not provide sufficient outcomes and the problem of medical staff availability will still be the urgent topic in future.

Knowledge and Attitudes About the Human Papilloma Virus and Cervical Cancer Among A Sample of Paramedical Students in Baghdad Teaching Hospital

Objective: to determine the level of knowledge and attitude about the human papillomavirus and cervical cancer among asample of paramedical students in Baghdad teaching hospital. Methods: Across ���sectional study was carried out for a period of seven month stating on 1st of August 2017to 30 Decmber 2017. Results: Mean age of study sample 20��9 higher percentage in the age groups 20-29 and lower percentage in the age groups ( less than 20), most cases were females 52.96% and from urban area74.67% regarding level of education 34.21% from college of health and medical technologies ,28.95% College of Nursing,22.37% Baghdad medical institutea and 14.47% from Al-mansour medical institute. Overall knowledge score , higher percentage of study sample (63%) had fair score of knowledge regarding Human Papilloma Virus and age had no influence on knowledge score, Males had better knowledge the females students and nursing andBaghdad institute students displayed better knowledge compared to other students a nd urban residence students display better knowledge score about HPV the association between knowledge score and gender and level of education and residence was found to be statistically significant . Regarding attitude higher percentage of study sample more than 90% agree with the question (Having only one sex partner decreases the risk of acquiring HPV infection) and more than 80% agree with preventive measures such as Education on HPV and cervical cancer better started at primary school.and Condom prevents HPV virus equally as it prevents HIV transmission while( 54.93%) of study sample agree with the question Pap smear test is a screening test to detect cervical cancer . (46.38%) of study sample agree with HPV vaccine can prevent the development of genital warts and cervical cancer. While ( 44.40 % ) of study sample agree with HPV vaccine is delivered in a series of 3 shots injection over 6 month schedule. Higher percentage (49.01%) of study sample had good attitude score while lower percentage 13.82% had poor score. Conclusion: The findings of this study conclude that the level of knowledge of paramedical student was fairly lacking; Males had better knowledge the females students and nursing and Baghdad institute students displayed better knowledge compared to other students, urban residence students display better knowledge score about HPV overall, their attitude score is good about the severity of cervical cancer and the benefit of HPV vaccination. Recommendation: Health education measures about mode of transmission, symptom, complication and methods of prevention especially vaccination program.

The Practice of Usrah in Teaching and Learning: Case Study at the International Islamic University Malaysia

The purpose of this study is to analyse Usrah Mahallah in the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), application of usrah therein and its contributions in improving teaching and learning approaches. As the focus of this study is much qualitative, a case study was conducted and so become the only method that can realise the purpose of this study. Findings shown that Usrah Mahallah is widely accepted by IIUM resident students participated in usrah. Small ratio of usrah leader to usrah participants, contemporary and friendly approaches applied by usrah leaders, organisation of attractive Usrah activities at both residential college and IIUM levels and flexibility and conduciveness of usrah settings established and maintained jointly by Usrah leaders and participants are among key factors that contributed to such acceptance. Those findings lead to the fact that Usrah Mahallah is not only a progressive product of Islamisation in IIUM and a tool to develop students’ social, spiritual and intellectual values and skills, but also an effective approach to teaching and learning, especially in Islamic education.

966. Infectious Diseases among US Resident Student Travelers after Return to the United States: A GeoSentinel Analysis, 2007–2017

BackgroundThe number of US students studying abroad has more than tripled over the past 20 years. As study abroad programs diversify their destinations, more students are traveling to developing regions, increasing their risk of infectious diseases. Few data exist describing infections acquired by US students while traveling internationally. We describe the spectrum of disease among students who have returned from international travel and suggest how to reduce illness among these travelers.MethodsGeoSentinel is a global network of travel and tropical medicine providers that monitors travel-related morbidity. Records of US resident student travelers, 17–24 years old, who returned to the United States and were given a confirmed travel-related diagnosis at one of 15 US GeoSentinel sites during 2007–2017. Those without ascertainable exposure regions were excluded. Records were analyzed to describe demographic and travel characteristics and diagnoses.ResultsThere were 432 students included. The median age was 21 years; 69% were female. Over 70% had a pretravel consultation with a healthcare provider. The most common exposure region was sub-Saharan Africa (112 travelers; 26%); the most common exposure countries were India (44 students; 11%), Ecuador (28; 7%), Ghana (25; 6%), and China (24; 6%). Students presented to a GeoSentinel site a median of 8 days (range: 0–181) after travel; 98% were outpatients. The most common diagnosis categories were gastrointestinal (45%) and dermatologic (17%). Of 581 confirmed diagnoses, diarrheal illnesses were most common (165; 28%). Thirty-one (7%) students had a vector-borne disease; 14 (41%) of these were diagnosed with malaria (13 had a pretravel consultation) and 11 (32%) with dengue. Two students were diagnosed with acute HIV. Three had a vaccine-preventable disease (two typhoid; one hepatitis A).ConclusionStudents experienced travel-related infections despite a large proportion receiving pretravel consultations. Students (especially those traveling to a less developed region) should receive specific pretravel instructions (including suggestions for behavioral modification, vaccination, and medication prophylaxis when applicable) to prevent gastrointestinal, vector-borne, sexually transmitted, and vaccine-preventable diseases.Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

AS REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DO PROGRAMA RESIDÊNCIA TÉCNICA NAS ÁREAS DE ENGENHARIA E ARQUITETURA

The actions of a public policy can be evaluated, studied theoretically and represented. The results of a public policy, embodied in a program, contribute to governmental decision-making in that they make it possible to rethink or even review the resulting actions. Analyzed a project resulting from a public policy named Technical Residency Program, presenting to the Theory of Social Representations, the narratives of the participants involved in the project: the State Government, the Federal University of Paraná and resident students. Search through document analysis and narrative interview, identify the elements related to the three dimensions of TRS: information, image and attitude. The results show that the dimension information the knowledge reported by all participants about the object, shows the RESTEC as an inserted project in a Public Policy for qualifying servers and residents in the areas of engineering and architecture. In dimension image emerge representations related to the expectations of participants in relation to RESTEC: opportunity to enter the labor market and the qualification for the public sector. In the dimension attitude prevails positive representation of the participants in relation to RESTEC, and the benefits it generated within the government, academic and social.

Safety in student residences matters!

Despite a national call for “The provision of accessible, decent, safe and academically conducive student accommodation (Nzimande, 2011) safety in student accommodation in South Africa remains a serious challenge. Against the backdrop of the provision of safe student accommodation, this study, through a qualitative research design, examined residence students’ experiences of safety and security in student accommodation (residences). Through narrative enquiry the study-generated data from purposively sampled male and female residence students representing undergraduate and postgraduate students. The data points to fears and anxieties of students living in residences enabled by a vulnerable (unsafe) residence environment.

Balancing and Optimizing of Dispatching Schemes of Weekend Commuting Buses for Resident Students

Balancing and Optimizing of Dispatching Schemes of Weekend Commuting Buses for Resident Students

Factors influencing eating behavior and dietary intake among resident students in a public university in Bangladesh: A qualitative study.

BackgroundOver the past decades, Bangladesh has made substantial progress in improving higher education, and in part, this was achieved by promoting residence based higher education in public universities. University residency is considered a crucial period for students to develop healthy eating habits and adopt nutritious intake, which comprise a strong foundation for good health throughout life. Although, there is extensive literature on eating behaviors and dietary intake internationally, there appears to be relatively scarce research and analysis concerning Bangladesh. This study aims to address this, by investigating the factors that influence eating behavior and dietary intake.MethodsAdopting a qualitative approach, we conducted 25 in-depth interviews and 13 focus group discussions with students of various disciplines and semesters. We used thematic analysis to analyze the textual data, and methodological triangulation to validate the information provided.ResultsStudent eating behavior and dietary intake are influenced by a variety of factors. Individual factors (cooking skills, food taste, food taboos, and knowledge and perceptions), societal factors (influence of peers and social norms), factors related to university (campus culture and frequency of examination), and environmental factors (availability of cooking resources and facilities and food prices) emerged as the key aspects that determine students’ eating behavior and dietary intake.ConclusionThis is the first study that explored factors influencing nutritional behavior and dietary intake among resident graduates in a Bangladeshi university. The results suggest that resident students have a poor dietary intake that might have a harmful impact on their health, well-being, and academic performance. Therefore, multilevel nutritional interventions may be beneficial to promote healthy eating behavior and dietary intake among university students.

Preceptor perceptions of block scheduling and institutional track programs to prepare APPE students for residency or hospital careers

IntroductionButler University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (BUCOPHS) and Purdue University College of Pharmacy (PUCOP) created Block Scheduling and Institutional Track programs with the goal of better preparing students interested in pursuing postgraduate residency and/or a career in institutional practice. While informal feedback has been positive from both students and preceptors, more formalized feedback was sought. The objective of this study was to determine whether preceptors perceived additional benefits in precepting students selected through Block Scheduling and Institutional Track programs compared to students scheduled on rotations through a traditional preference or optimization process. MethodsA 12-item electronic survey instrument was sent to BUCOPHS and PUCOP preceptors who had precepted block-scheduled and/or institutional track students in the 2014–15 and 2015–16 academic years. ResultsThe majority of preceptors (71.4%) felt that the time they spent orienting block and institutional track students was less or significantly less when compared to orienting traditionally scheduled students. Seventy-three percent (73.2%) of preceptors reported that block-scheduled and institutional track students were more or significantly more prepared for residency positions than traditional students. The majority of preceptors (93%) indicated they would recommend block scheduling or an institutional track to other practice sites. Reported benefits to the preceptor included additional time to dedicate to patient care, additional time to complete projects and initiatives for the pharmacy department, and publishable research produced from student projects mentored. ConclusionPreceptors perceived benefits in precepting block-scheduled and institutional track students compared to traditionally scheduled rotation students.

Utilizing Surgical Bootcamps to Teach Core Entrustable Professional Activities to Senior Medical Students

To promote residency preparedness, the Association of American Medical Colleges defined 13 core entrustable professional activities for entering residency (CEPAERs), which represent tasks that students should be able to perform on day one of residency. At the authors' institution, a four-week surgery boot camp course is offered to senior medical students, which may provide an effective mechanism for teaching the CEPAERs. Nine senior students participating in a surgery boot camp course were subjected to pre- and post-course surveys. Student expectations were closely aligned with the CEPAERs. Competence was demonstrated in all CEPAERs; however, four students did require remediation with Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support before achieving competence. In the "death on the wards module," we found a significant increase in student confidence (19.78, SD 1.47, P > 0.05 vs 31.56, SD 1.49, P < 0.01) and knowledge (16.11, SD 1.32, P > 0.05 vs 31.33, SD 2.04, P < 0.01). In a one-year follow-up survey, all participants agreed that the boot camp course was useful and positively impacted their intern year. Surgical boot camp courses provide an effective and reproducible means for teaching the CEPAERs and was found useful in preparing medical students for residency.

Knowledge of cervical cancer, human papillomavirus and prevention among first-year female students in residences at the University of the Free State.

BackgroundCervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in South Africa. One of the major risk factors for the development of cervical cancer is the human papillomavirus (HPV).AimTo determine the knowledge of first-year female students living in residences on the main campus of the University of the Free State (UFS) regarding cervical cancer and HPV.SettingFemale residences on the main campus of UFS.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on participants between the ages of 18 and 25 years using a non-random convenience sampling method. Seven residences were included. Anonymous self-administered questionnaires were distributed during the evening meetings to all first-year female students at the selected residences after an information session. Students had to complete the questionnaires immediately after the meeting.ResultsMost of the 373 respondents (85.8%) knew that cervical cancer arises from the cervix, but only 15.4% knew that it was caused by a virus. Of the 62.5% participants who knew that HPV was a cancer-causing virus, most correctly knew that HPV was contracted by unprotected sexual intercourse (81.1%) and that there is a vaccine to protect against HPV (73.1%). However, 62.0% knew that the vaccine was available in South Africa and only 31.0% knew the vaccine was free of charge.ConclusionThe study revealed that students had limited knowledge of cervical cancer, HPV and vaccine availability.

The Effect on Performance Time and Quality of the Knots after Mono or Bimanual Training of Laparoscopic Intracorporeal Knot Tying according to the Gladiator Rule Technique.

To assess whether the monomanual or bimanual training of laparoscopic suture following the same technique may interfere with the knots' performance time and/or quality. A prospective observational study involving 41 resident students of gynecology/obstetrics and general surgery who attended a laparoscopic suture training for 2 days. The participants were divided into two groups. Group A performed the training using exclusively their dominant hand, and group B performed the training using both hands to tie the intracorporeal knot. All participants followed the same technique, called Romeo Gladiator Rule. At the end of the course, the participants were asked to perform three exercises to assess the time it took them to tie the knots, as well as the quality of the knots. A comparative analysis of the groups showed that there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.334) between them regarding the length of time to tie one knot. However, when the time to tie 10 consecutive knots was compared, group A was faster than group B (p = 0.020). A comparison of the knot loosening average, in millimeters, revealed that the knots made by group B loosened less than those made by group A, but there was no statistically significant difference regarding the number of knots that became untied. This study demonstrated that the knots from group B showed better quality than those from group A, with lower loosening measures and more strength necessary to untie the knots. The study also demonstrated that group A was faster than B when the time to tie ten consecutive knots was compared.

Fatherhood

Fatherhood

An Evaluation of e-CHECKUP TO GO in Canada: The Mediating Role of Changes in Social Norm Misperceptions

ABSTRACTBackground: Alcohol use and related problems are key concerns among colleges, and web-based interventions to mitigate these issues are increasingly popular across campuses. A variety of programs are commercially available and have demonstrated efficacy in reducing alcohol use and consequences; however, little is known about how these programs reduce alcohol outcomes. Objectives: The e-CHECKUP TO GO program (e-CHUG) is the briefest electronic intervention available and over 600 institutions are using it internationally. The present study evaluates the impact of the e-CHUG program on drinking outcomes and examines changes in perceived norms as a potential mediator of intervention efficacy in a sample of first-year Canadian university residence students. This is the first Canadian evaluation of e-CHUG. Methods: First year Canadian university students (N = 245) living in residence in August 2014 participated in a randomized control trial to evaluate the efficacy of e-CHUG program compared to an assessment-only control condition. Follow-up assessments were completed at 3-months and 5-months. Norm misperceptions and drinking outcomes were measured. Results: At 3-month and 5-month follow-up assessments program participants had lower norm misperceptions about peers drinking compared to control participants. Changes in norm misperceptions at 3-months mediated the effect of the program on drinking outcomes at 5-months. There were no sex differences in the associations. Conclusions/Importance: Findings suggest that e-CHECKUP TO GO may be a promising strategy for addressing norm misperceptions and subsequently drinking for Canadian students.

Usefulness of a Clinico-Biological Francois’ Score in the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis: Experience of the University Hospital Center of Parakou, Benin

Introduction: Diagnostic wanderings of acute appendicitis are responsible for serious complications or abusive appendectomies. Existing Clinico-biological scores are efficient. Objective: To determine the diagnostic efficiency of Francois’ score in acute appendicitis. Methodology: over 10 months, all the patients admitted in the CHUD-Parakou Emergency Department for pain in the right iliac fossa had been examined by resident students who calculated Francois’ score. After verification by the surgeon, patients were put into three categories: category 1 score ≥ 2; category 2, score between -6 and 2; category 3, score below -6. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results: out of 54 patients selected (29 men and 25 women), 29 were classified as group 1; 19 as group 2 and 6 as group 3. An ultrasound was performed in all patients in group 2, and signs in favor of appendicitis were found in 12 patients. Of the 41 appendicectomies performed, the histologic analysis of 33 operative specimens found a pathological appendix. Sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value per group were 100%. It has prevented almost in one every four patients (24.07%) an abusive appendectomy. Conclusion: This score would reduce diagnostic wanderings and target patient groups for imaging studies.