Safety Of Residents Research Articles

Factors Differentiating Nursing Homes With Strong Resident Safety Climate: A Qualitative Study of Leadership and Staff Perspectives.

The current qualitative study assessed leadership and staff perceptions related to resident safety at Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) nursing homes with a range of safety climates. We recruited a purposive sample of six VA nursing homes from geographically diverse regions of the United States and with diverse overall safety climate ratings. We conducted semi-structured phone interviews with 43 senior and middle level nursing home leaders and frontline providers (medical and nursing). We performed a thematic analysis of interview data to assess participant perceptions of factors that influence resident safety at higher and lower safety climate sites. Analyses identified two factors that differentiated VA nursing homes with high safety climate ratings from those with medium or low ratings: (1) communication about resident safety, particularly the important role of accessibility of physicians and managers; and (2) leadership support for and responsiveness to resident safety issues raised by frontline staff. Findings from high safety climate nursing homes underscore the importance of leadership accessibility, communication, support, and follow through regarding resident safety concerns. These results may provide a basis for designing safety climate interventions, such as those designed to improve communication, teamwork, and quality improvement structures and processes. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 49(2), 13-17.].

Impact of the Built Environment on Residents' Health: Evidence from the China Labor Dynamics Survey in 2016.

In the process of China's rapid urbanization, the health level of residents has been improved to a great extent. However, with the expansion of urban scale and spatial restructuring, a series of urban environmental problems have posed new challenges to public health. However, the impact of the built environment on residents' health is controversial, and the applicability of the conclusions based on western urban sprawl in China is not clear enough. In addition, the exploration of the impact path of the built environment on health is still not comprehensive and in-depth. Based on the China Labor Dynamics Survey (CLDS) in 2016 and relevant statistical yearbook data, this study explored the impact of the built environment at community and urban scale on residents' health and its age heterogeneity and further explored the mediating role of physical exercise, neighborhood support, and community safety. According to the research, the urban and community-built environment has significant impacts on residents' health, and the impact is significantly different at different scales. In addition, there is a significant difference in the impact of built environment factors on residents' health among populations with different life cycles. From the perspective of the impact path, greening coverage can improve residents' self-rated health by enhancing the perceived safety of living in the community. In contrast, the high community population density will not only weaken the degree of neighborhood support but also reduce the perception level of community residential safety, thus damaging residents' health. In short, from the perspective of environmental intervention, the previously mentioned results put forward possible suggestions on strengthening the construction of a healthy living environment so as to maximize the health effectiveness of cities and communities.

Lack of Spatial Planning as a Cause of Environmental Injustice in the Context of the Provision of Health Safety to Urban Residents Based on the Example of Warsaw

Spatial planning based on environmental justice is a key activity in the process of the provision of equal rights to live in a safe environment and possess the opportunities of using it. Irrational development of land containing historical earth surface contamination constitutes a severe threat to the health safety of residents, and it may consequently lead to slow violence. This paper’s objective is to identify districts of Warsaw where the phenomena of environmental injustice and slow violence in post-industrial areas occur and fill in the indicated knowledge gap in such issues in Poland. The aim is also to answer the question as to whether contamination of the pedosphere and changes in land use in brownfields have a considerable effect on differences related to the health safety of residents of particular districts of Warsaw. The results of analyses of correlations of soil environment risk, health safety of residents, social, and planning conditions show that, in districts with a large share of areas included in the register of historical earth surface contamination, higher-than-average soil environment risk occurs, and it is related to the transformation of brownfields. Wola is a district affected by the phenomenon of slow violence and environmental injustice. According to the research, Wola is an area of accumulation of the highest levels of soil contamination, as well as some of the least favorable indices of health safety of residents and social conditions (in the case of both, Wola takes the second position). It is also a place of dynamic, unplanned transformations of brownfields, resulting in the “discovery” of historical earth surface contamination at the stage of the investment process. As evidenced based on the example of Wola, lack of spatial planning in contaminated areas leads to the exposure of their residents to a higher soil environment risk that may result in reduced health safety and the occurrence of slow violence. Therefore, rational planning of development of land containing historical earth surface contamination, with consideration of the aspects of health safety of residents, is an instrument of provision of environmental justice in terms of access to healthy life and residential environment.

Integration of differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar and persistent scatterer interferometric approaches to assess deformation in enshi city, hubei, China

Land surface deformation can severely damage socioeconomic living conditions around the world. This study aimed to identify the Shaziba landslide and further assess deformation activities in Enshi city. For this purpose, the sentinel-1 C-bands data acquired in ascending directions were processed with Sentinel Application Platform and Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers (StaMPS) software packages. Our results revealed the location of a landslide that occurred on 21 July 2020 in the Shaziba area, Enshi Prefecture. More interesting deformation results were found in Enshi city for the first time with a deformation range from −51.6 to 54.2 mm/year. We conducted a thorough observation of different urban infrastructures such as commercial and residential buildings, roads, bridges, and airports in Enshi city and along the Qingjiang River to evaluate land surface deformation. Observations revealed that there are a number of influencing factors contributing to disturbing the natural environment and resources in Enshi Prefecture. Of these influencing factors, intensive rainfall is a major cause as are the infiltration of rainfall into the subsurface Silurian strata together with the load of infrastructure in the study area. If this issue is not addressed it could lead to devastating geo-hazard disasters in the future. Scientific approaches to determine various causes of frequent geo-hazards in this region are of great significance for developing early warning systems for disasters and ensuring the safety of residents’ lives and property.

Land Subsidence Assessment of an Archipelago Based on the InSAR Time Series Analysis Method

The lack of resources on islands leads to their extremely rapid development, and this can result in frequent geological disasters involving island subsidence. These disasters not only destroy the ecological environment and landscape of islands but also pose massive threats to the safety of residents’ lives and property and can even affect the country’s maritime rights and interests. To meet the demands of island stability and safety monitoring, in this study, we propose a large-area, full-coverage deformation monitoring method using InSAR technology to assess island subsidence based on a comprehensive analysis of conventional monitoring techniques. The working principle and unique advantages of InSAR data are introduced, and the SBAS InSAR key interpretation processing flow are described in detail. The GPU-assisted InSAR processing method is used to improve the processing efficiency. The monitoring results showed that the southern island group of the Miaodao Archipelago was relatively stable overall, with an annual average deformation rate of 3 mm. Only a few areas experienced large-magnitude surface deformation, and the maximum annual deformation magnitude was 45 mm. The time series deformation results of the characteristic points of the five inhabited islands in the southern island group showed that the subsidence trends of the two selected points on Beichangshan Island (P1 and P2) were slowly declining. The P3 point on Nanchangshan Island experienced a large deformation, while the P4 point experienced a relatively small deformation. The selected points (P5, P6 and P7) on Miaodao Island, Xiaoheishan Island and Daheishan Island were stable during the monitoring period. InSAR data can be used to accurately identify the millimetre-scale microdeformations experienced by island groups, thus demonstrating the high-precision deformation monitoring capability of these data. In addition, the accuracy of these data can meet the needs of island and archipelago subsidence monitoring, and the proposed method is an effective means to monitor the spatial deformation of island targets. This study is conducive to further enriching and improving island stability and safety monitoring technology systems in China and to providing data and technical support for identifying and mastering potential island risks, protecting and utilizing islands and preventing and reducing disasters.

Adopting an electronic medication administration system in long-term care facilities: a key stakeholder interview study in Macao

ABSTRACT To improve medication safety for residents in long-term care facilities (LTCFs), electronic medication administration records (eMARs) are widely adopted in Macao. This study aimed to (1) develop a logic model for adopting eMAR in LTCFs and (2) explore the contextual factors relevant to the implementation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders (managers, doctors, nurses, pharmacy staff and other frontline workers) experienced with eMAR in LTCFs in Macao between February and March 2021. Purposive sampling was used for recruitment and thematic analysis followed the theoretical framework of the logic model. All 57 participants were positive about eMAR. Financial and nonfinancial resources were critical to adopting eMAR. eMAR was mostly used for its functions in documentation, e-prescribing and monitoring. Immediate output included simplified working process, reduced errors, closer monitoring of residents’ conditions, and timely communication among staff. The outcomes mainly related to efficiency, safety and quality of care, workload redundancy, and data unification. Key influencing factors included eMAR flexibility, stability, and technical support. Adopting eMARs is highly consuming and the benefits in improving quality of care can only be realized with appropriate implementation, precise execution, regular evaluation and responsive adjustment. The proposed logic model framework serves as a roadmap for LTCFs, both current and future users of eMAR.

Experimental Study on Pressure Characteristics of Gravity Dam Surface under Impact of Landslide-Generated Impulse Waves

Landslide-generated impulse waves of a mountain-river reservoir will endanger the dam body’s stability and the dam structure’s safety and even pose a significant threat to the property safety of downstream residents. Timely prediction of dam surface pressure is essential for dam safety assessment. The pressure distribution characteristics and variation law of the gravity dam surface under the impact of landslide-generated impulse waves are studied through a three-dimensional physical model test. The results show that the landslide volume and angle are the key control factors of the first wave amplitude in front of the dam. The maximum and minimum pressures are near the water surface and at two-thirds of the water depth, respectively. The maximum pressure has a power function relationship with the maximum amplitude of the wave in front of the dam. Furthermore, the maximum amplitude of the first wave in front of the dam significantly influences the total pressure of the single-width wave on the dam surface. Based on the research results, the single-width wave total pressure prediction method is constructed under different first wave amplitudes in front of the dam, which can provide theoretical guidance and technical support for dam safety assessment and landslide-generated surge risk assessment.

Key issues of health and safety for workers in residential aged care: An expert study.

Residential aged care (RAC) represents a fast-growing sector within Australia's health care system and is characterized by high levels of workplace injury. To better understand this injury problem, this study investigated key informant perspectives concerning sector occupational health and safety (OHS) focused on key issues associated with the risk of worker injury. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with nine key informants representing (OHS) specialists, healthcare employers, regulators, worker association representatives, and academic researchers in OHS or healthcare. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. This study identified six themes on OHS within RAC including (i) the physical and emotional nature of the work, (ii) casualization of employment, (iii) prioritization, (iv) workforce profile, (v) OHS role construction, and (vi) clinical standards. The study highlighted differences in OHS roles between RAC and other safety-critical sectors regarding governance and management of OHS. The key informants identified a propensity within RAC to downplay or disregard worker OHS issues justified through prioritizing resident safety. Further, neither OHS professional nor institutional logics are prominent in RAC leadership and decision-making where the emphasis is placed on mandatory standards to maintain funding purposes. Several recommendations are made to address identified issues.

Hail climatology and its possible attributions in Beijing, China: 1980-2021

Hail hazards have caused severe losses and threatened the safety of residents in Beijing, the Chinese capital city. A refined analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of hailstorms in Beijing can help to evaluate the risk of hail and guide the operations of hail prevention. The distribution of weather stations is relatively sparse to figure out the fine distribution of hail events. Therefore, a quality-controlled dataset of disaster information data reported from information reporters is used to analyze the fine temporal and spatial distributions of hail days and events in Beijing from 1980 to 2021 in this study. Hail events and hail days show an obvious downward trend with years from 1981 to 2010, while hail events show a strong upward trend from 2011 to 2021. The seasonal pattern of hail events shows a unimodal distribution from March to October, and the peak appears in June. Most of the hail events occurred from 14:00 to 21:00, while the highest counts appeared from 15:00 to 17:00. More and larger hails occurred in the northwestern mountains rather than southeastern plains in Beijing, highly correlated with the topography. Both total and severe hails hit the mountain area statistically earlier than the plain area. The most frequent hours of hails in the northwestern area and southeastern area were concentrated in the range of 13:00—17:00 and 16:00—20:00 CST, respectively. This time delay is due to the initiation location and movement direction of the convective storms. The influence of ENSO on warm season hails is positive in Beijing, which has a lag of 3 months or longer. The arctic oscillation has a negative correlation with hail days in each month from May to September.

Nasal residence time and rheological properties of a new bentonite-based thixotropic gel emulsion nasal spray – AM-301

Objective The present work provides characterization of rheological properties of a new bentonite-based thixotropic gel emulsion nasal spray (AM-301), its nasal residence time, distribution, safety and tolerability. Significance The nasal epithelium is a portal of entry for allergens and primary infection by airborne pathogens. Non-pharmacological interventions, which enhance physical and biological barriers, protect against allergens and pathogens without drug-related side effects. AM-301 has shown promising efficacy and safety in the nasal epithelium against viruses (in vitro) and pollen (clinical). Methods Technical part (i) spray characterization was performed with a validated droplet size distribution method; evaluation of the rheological properties of the formulation was performed by a validated amplitude sweep method and a validated oscillation, rotation, oscillation; Clinical part (ii) nasal and oropharyngeal endoscopy were used to provide a semi-quantitative evaluation of distribution and residence time of fluorescein-labelled AM-301 in the nose and oropharynx of healthy volunteers; (iii) tolerability and safety. Results (i) The non-Newtonian rheological properties of the formulation allow AM-301 to be sprayed and then to revert to a gel to prevent run-off from the nasal cavity; (ii) the formulation remains on the inferior turbinate, septum and oropharynx of volunteers for up to 210 min and on the middle turbinate for up to 60 min; two nasal sprays provide no substantial benefit over a single application with regards to coverage or retention; (iii) the spray is well tolerated Conclusions Single dose spray delivery of AM-301 provides extended coverage of the nasal mucosa up to the inferior turbinates.

SEGURANÇA DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA EM RESIDENTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS DURANTE A COVID-19

ABSTRACT Introduction: COVID-19 has affected physical activities. In the face of the epidemic, challenges arise, such as performing physical activities efficiently and safely, maintaining people's interest in sports, improving the safety of residents’ sports activities, and increasing the number of active sportspeople. Objective: Investigate the safety of physical activities among university residents in COVID-19. Methods: This paper designed a set of questionnaires from three aspects: the distribution of residents’ sports infrastructure, residents’ sports skills, and the safety of residents’ sports activities. A total of 3152 samples were obtained, and Excel software was used for data entry, processing, and analysis. Results: With the standardized development of the prevention and control of COVID-19, the residents’ sports infrastructure was gradually improved. There has been progressed in the distribution of sports facilities, the composition of the underlying surface, the provision of services related to sports activities, and health awareness. According to the survey, the proportion of major injuries among residents was 0.190%; the proportion of moderate multiple injuries was 0.476% after preventive training. The proportion of moderate minor injuries was 3.109%. The proportion of multiple minor injuries was 26.491%; the proportion of minor injuries was 38.642%. At this time, the safety of physical activities in the study area was considered acceptable. Conclusion: Related departments should cooperate with the community to increase college residents’ awareness of sports safety and the importance of training skills by optimizing infrastructure, improving volunteer services, and enhancing publicity to reduce the hidden dangers of sports safety as much as possible. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Research on the Impact of the “Coal to Gas” and “Coal to Electricity” Policies on Urban Air Quality

Heating in winter in the north has a significant negative impact on the quality of the atmospheric environment. The coal used for heating emits substances such as PM2.5, PM10, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, etc., exacerbating atmospheric environmental pollution. Air pollution seriously affects the physical health and safety of residents, reduces their sense of happiness, brings about significant environmental pollution costs, and increases the actual level of economic inequality. In response to this situation, this article aims to improve urban air quality through the policies of “coal to gas” and “coal to electricity”, and further studies the impact of this policy. To provide empirical evidence and decision-making reference for deepening the “coal to gas, electricity” policy, and to reduce atmospheric environmental pollution, it is necessary to actively adjust the heating plan, increase the central heating area, and construct different heating scales according to different needs. It is necessary to vigorously develop clean coal technology, reduce pollutant emissions, actively explore clean energy, and fundamentally change the problem of air pollution. Therefore, the policies of “coal to gas” and “coal to electricity” can effectively improve the pollution of coal on urban air quality.

Real-Time Object Detection Network in UAV-Vision Based on CNN and Transformer

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play an important role in conducting automatic patrol inspections of cities, which can ensure the safety of urban residents’ life and property and the normal operation of cities. However, during the inspection process, problems may arise. For example, numerous small objects in UAV images are difficult to detect, objects in UAV images are severely occluded and requirements for real-time performances are posed. To address these issues, we first propose a real-time object detection network (RTD-Net) for UAV images. Besides, to deal with the lack of visual features of small objects, we design a feature fusion module (FFM) to interact and fuse features at different levels and improve the feature expression ability of small objects. To achieve real-time detection, we design a lightweight feature extraction module (LEM) to build the backbone network to control the calculation quantity and parameters. To solve the issue of discontinuous features of occluded objects, an efficient convolutional Transformer block (ECTB) based convolutional multi-head self-attention (CMHSA) is designed to improve the recognition ability of occluded objects by extracting the context information of objects. Compared with multi-head self-attention (MHSA) in the traditional transformer, CMHSA uses convolutional projection to replace the position-linear projection, which can reduce a large amount of calculation without performance loss. Finally, an attention prediction head (APH) is designed based on the attention mechanism to improve the ability of the model to extract attention regions in complex scenarios. The proposed method reaches a detection accuracy of 86.4% mAP in our UAV image dataset. In addition, it achieves a detection accuracy of 86.0%mAP and a detection speed of 33.4 FPS in NVIDIA Jeston TX2 embedded device.

Digital Twin in Smart City

The introduction of intelligent systems, technologies and solutions in areas other than transport is necessary for the modernization and development of cities and the creation of so-called Smart Cities. One of the possibilities for the modernization of cities is a form of digital transformation of a large amount of data from life in the city through a digital twin. The digital twin model and the use of modeling and simulations in the Smart City is one of the current trends in innovative solutions in Smart Cities around the world. In the post, I define the usability of the digital twin in the Smart City, taking into account the issue of safety and protection of city residents in the future. Currently, this trend is clearly in favor of the introduction of intelligent solutions into the everyday life of cities and their residents.

РЕКРЕАЦІЙНА СКЛАДОВА ЕКСКУРСІЙНОГО ТУРИЗМУ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ: АНАЛІЗ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

The article examines the main characteristics of the recreational component of excursion tourism in Ukraine, including its tourist sites and their unique features. It analyzes the problems that arise in the recreational component of excursion tourism in conditions of a state of war. These include the destruction of cultural heritage sites, environmental disasters, and threats to tourist safety, all of which pose significant obstacles to tourism development in such circumstances. Furthermore, the article investigates the role of the conditions of a state of war and their impact on the recreational component of excursion tourism in Ukraine. It highlights the restrictions on access to tourist sites and the threats to the safety of both tourists and local residents. The article delves into the analysis of facts regarding the destruction of cultural heritage sites and tourist infrastructure, as well as the irreversible damage inflicted upon natural resources, such as national parks, reserves, and environmentally sensitive areas. It establishes that pollution of the environment and loss of biodiversity often occur in times of war. The article places special emphasis on the opportunities and prospects for the development of the recreational component of excursion tourism in Ukraine during a state of war. It explores various strategies and innovative approaches that can contribute to the growth of tourism in conflict situations. The importance of strengthening mechanisms for tourist safety, developing alternative routes, and leveraging modern technologies to attract tourists is underscored. Collaboration with military structures and the promotion of environmentally sustainable tourism are also highlighted as essential factors. Ultimately, the article provides an analysis of perspectives and offers recommendations for the development of the recreational component of excursion tourism in conditions of a state of war in Ukraine. Its findings serve as a valuable source of information for scholars, practitioners, and stakeholders interested in the advancement of tourism in conflict situations.

FSLens: A Visual Analytics Approach to Evaluating and Optimizing the Spatial Layout of Fire Stations.

The provision of fire services plays a vital role in ensuring the safety of residents' lives and property. The spatial layout of fire stations is closely linked to the efficiency of fire rescue operations. Traditional approaches have primarily relied on mathematical planning models to generate appropriate layouts by summarizing relevant evaluation criteria. However, this optimization process presents significant challenges due to the extensive decision space, inherent conflicts among criteria, and decision-makers' preferences. To address these challenges, we propose FSLens, an interactive visual analytics system that enables in-depth evaluation and rational optimization of fire station layout. Our approach integrates fire records and correlation features to reveal fire occurrence patterns and influencing factors using spatiotemporal sequence forecasting. We design an interactive visualization method to explore areas within the city that are potentially under-resourced for fire service based on the fire distribution and existing fire station layout. Moreover, we develop a collaborative human-computer multi-criteria decision model that generates multiple candidate solutions for optimizing firefighting resources within these areas. We simulate and compare the impact of different solutions on the original layout through well-designed visualizations, providing decision-makers with the most satisfactory solution. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through one case study with real-world datasets. The feedback from domain experts indicates that our system helps them to better identify and improve potential gaps in the current fire station layout.

Method for a new risk assessment of urban inundation: G-DEMATEL–AHP

Urban flooding disasters caused by frequent heavy rainfall threaten the safety of residents and socioeconomic development. Thus, risk evaluation of urban inundation is a vital component of sustainable urban development. Analytical hierarchical process (AHP) and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) are common methods applied to flood risk evaluation. The former focuses on the relationship among different layers, while the latter reflects the relationship of factors in one layer. Moreover, the ambiguity in the decision-making process can be reduced by the uncertainty system. Therefore, the proposed method integrates grey theory and utilises the characteristics of DEMATEL to establish the AHP comparison matrix, particularly when the scores given by experts’ questionnaires are scattered. The method was applied to the risk assessment of urban inundation in Zhengzhou and verified by its flooding disaster sites that occurred during the 20 July storm in 2021 [1].•Developed approach merges grey theory, DEMATEL, and AHP methods;•Application of G-DEMATEL-AHP method in risk assessment of urban inundation;•The proposed method can increase the reliability of risk assessment results.

Economic and Managerial Aspects of Energy Efficiency of Economic Entities in Territorial Communities

The theoretical and methodological principles of the formation of energy efficiency management have been clarified. The concepts of “energy efficiency of technical systems”, “energy efficiency of biological systems”, “energy efficiency of socio-economic systems”, “energy efficiency of a business entity”, and “energy efficiency of a territorial community” have been distinguished. It has been proven that increasing the energy efficiency of economic entities in the context of territorial community development should not allow: deterioration of working conditions of economic entity’s personnel and life safety of residents of communities (imperative of the human factor); complication of the ecological situation on the community territory (ecological imperative); reduction of economic efficiency of a business entity and well-being of the community population (priority of economic assessment). The types of energy effect of the territorial community have been established. The essence of the concepts of “energy saving efficiency of territorial community” and “energy saving effect of territorial community” have been defined. The types of energy saving effect of the territorial community have been reasoned. The fuel flow matrix has been formed. The functional components of the energy efficiency management process have been defined. The directions for optimization of energy flows in territorial communities have been substantiated as follows: the choice of energy supply enterprises; optimization of energy resource delivery routes; substantiation of energy-optimal sizes and structure of the transport fleet of territorial communities and oil industry (if available); optimization of storage stocks of energy resources and their management.

Retracted] Uncertainty Analysis of Key Influencing Factors on Stability of Tailings Dam Body

With the continuous expansion of the mining scale of mineral resources, many tailings are produced. In order to avoid the impact of harmful substances in the tailings on the residents around the tailings pond, it is necessary to explain the stability improvement. The dam safety monitoring system is mainly composed of observation sensors, telemetry data acquisition module, industrial control network, and automatic monitoring system. Through the work of the computer, the dam observation data can be automatically collected, processed, analyzed, and calculated. This paper adopts the automated system that makes preliminary judgments and graded alarms on whether the dam’s behavior is normal or not to provide early safety warning reports for monitoring objects. In this paper, combined with a specific example of a tailings reservoir dam body, the comprehensive uncertainty method is used to analyze factors such as the height of the tailings dam, the height of the wetting line, the cohesion of the tailings soil layer, and the internal friction angle, and the stability of the dam body is calculated. The results show that the sensitivity order of the dam stability safety factor K to each factor is as follows: internal friction angle of the tailing silt layer > the height of the wetting line > dam body height > the cohesion of the tailing silt layer. The most dangerous slip surface will jump at the 19‐level subdam of the tailings pond. The remediation measures are of great significance for maintaining the ecology around the tailings pond and ensuring the personal safety of residents.

The influence of housing situation and crime victimization experience on residential safety perception

The influence of housing situation and crime victimization experience on residential safety perception