Attitudes Of Residents Research Articles

Knowledge and attitude of family medicine residents toward Personal protective equipment correct usage in king Saud medical city, Riyadh

Background: COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers is a major concern whenever a pandemic occurs. Health care professionals are the frontline in the war against this vicious outbreak which makes them at a higher risk of inquiring the infection than the general population. Use of Personal protective equipment (PPE) is considered a pivotal role in infection control measures. We aimed to study usage of personal protective equipment (PPE) among KSMC family medicine Residents to determine if the appropriate PPE were used by family medicine physician and to examine the factors that may determine inappropriate. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on Family Medicine Residents of KSMC, Riyadh. All levels of residency of family medicine specialty were included in this research. We used convenient non-probability sampling technique. Results: A total of 134 Family Medicine Residents of KSMC, Riyadh were finally enrolled in this study. 86% of junior and 90% of senior residents received formal training in hand hygiene in the last three years. Most of them know that the main route of cross-transmission of potentially harmful germs between patients is health-care workers’ hands when not clean. Higher percentage of junior cleaning their hands after each consultation compared to senior (98% vs 86% respectively, P = 0.009). There was no statistically significant difference between males and females residents about wearing surgical masks by suspected patients whilst in common areas or throughout the consultation, and 87% of both of them received formal training in hand hygiene in the last three years. There was a significant difference between males and females residents in their knowledge about the main route of cross- transmission of potentially harmful germs between patients (P = 0.006); a higher percentage of males know that the main route is health-care workers’ hands when not clean compared to females (58% vs 52% respectively, P = 0.006), also higher percentage of females using PPE in infection room when a patient confirmed to have Covid-19 when compared to males (97% vs 80% respectively). Conclusion: At the time of the study, most medical residents were knowledgeable, had a positive attitude, and good level of awareness was observed regarding PPE as it prevents their infection when fighting COVID-19 pandemic. Despite these findings, there were few gaps in resident’s knowledge in certain situations and this need to be addressed through more training courses regarding PPE and this which will significantly raise the level of knowledge and also will set better attitude and practices regarding PPE.

The Impact of Social Capital on Residents’ Supportive Attitude to Tourism Development: The Mediation Role of Perception of Justice

Based on social capital theory and fairness theory, the study proposes a residents’ supportive attitudes influencing model, with social capital as the antecedent variable, and the perception of justice as mediator. An empirical research was conducted on residents of three well-known island tourist destinations in Zhejiang Province, China, a total of 620 questionnaires were distributed in the three regions. The results of data analysis show that the perception of distributive justice and procedural justice is positively influenced by social capital; it has a positive impact on distributive fairness and residents’ support. Distributive justice has a positive impact on the supportive attitudes of residents. In addition, the mediation effect of distributive justice and procedural justice between social capital and the supportive attitude of residents has been supported. The theoretical contribution and practical value of this research have also been discussed.

Особенности процесса интеграции университетов Гонконга и КНР в современных условиях

The article is devoted to the analysis of the main characteristic features of the process of integration of universities in Hong Kong and PRC in the modern period. Conventionally, two main stages of integration can be distinguished: starting from the end of the 1980s until 1997 and after the return of Hong Kong to the PRC jurisdiction. The authors determine the main mechanisms for the integration of universities and the motives for the admission of Hong Kong applicants to universities in Mainland China. Despite the ambiguous attitude of Hong Kong residents to the policies of the central government, the process of integration in education is bilateral.

Water Conservation Attitude of Residents of Rawalpindi

The study titled "Water conservation attitude of residents of Rawalpindi" was conducted in the Rawalpindi Cantonment Board (RCB) area of Rawalpindi. The current study used a Quantitative research design and cross-sectional in nature. A total of 399 sampled respondents were selected by the Random sampling technique, and responders were male and female residents of Rawalpindi. The aim of the current study was to explore the residents' attitudes to water conservation and their consumption practices. For intending to study and understanding the topic with theoretical perspective researcher used the Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior by Ajzen and Fishbein (1980). Reliability analysis was carried out on the entire variables and explored a Cronbach Alpha of (.721). Hypothesis testing of the study showed that a positive association exists between attitudes and behavior towards water conservation, and with higher education, people exhibit a positive attitude to water conservation behavior.

Assessment of residents’ perceptions and attitudes towards the appropriation of public spaces by tourists: the case of Aveiro

Purpose This paper aims to provide an empirical analysis of residents’ perceptions and attitudes in the city of Aveiro, Portugal, regarding the appropriation of public spaces by tourists. An analysis of how the perceptions of this appropriation influence residents’ attitudes (RA) towards tourists, and even restructuring of space considering RA, is also presented. It is intended to do this based on a theoretical framework where tourism socio-cultural impacts on urban destinations are analysed with a focus on appropriation processes. Attitudes of residents are also examined. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire survey (N = 301) was carried out with residents of the city of Aveiro, using a cluster sampling approach. The aim of the empirical study is to use multiple linear regression analyses to assess the extent to which the residents’ perceptions of tourists’ appropriation of public spaces influence the attitudes of the former towards the latter. Findings The results show that, overall, the residents consider that tourism has more positive than negative impacts. However, it can be observed that residents already perceive some negative impacts of tourism regarding the appropriation of space. Concerning RA, these tend to be more positive than negative. It can also be observed that various perceptions of appropriation of space significantly influence these attitudes. The paper ends with some guidelines for designing policies and strategies for tourism development that promote better use of public spaces by tourists. Originality/value Considering the limited empirical research on perceptions of appropriation of tourism space, the study carried out in this paper analyses the impact of a comprehensive set of residents’ perceptions regarding the appropriation of public space by tourists on various types of attitudes of residents towards tourists.

Knowledge, Attitude & Practices of Surgeons in the time of COVID-19

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of surgical interns, residents and surgeons in the time of COVID-19.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on surgical interns, trainees, registrar and consultants working in public and private sector tertiary care hospitals of Karachi. The non-Convenience sampling technique is used. A total of 184 patients were included. The study was performed on assessing patients' demographics, basic knowledge and awareness of COVID 19 and individuals' practices toward COVID 19 in their professional routines. Data were stored and analyzed using IBMSPSS version 23.0. Pearson Chi Square test was used to test the association outcomes, awareness and attitude items on COVID-19 between private and public sector hospitals. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significantResults: The study comprised a total of 184 participants. Mostly from public 115(63%) rest 69(37%) belonged private sector hospitals. Most respondents 122(66.3%) were aware of COVID 19 incubation, symptoms and the detection of patients at risk and modalities of transmission in operating rooms.Results showed among public vs Private sector hospitals (81.7% / 68.1%) were treating corona virus, there were (35.7% / 46.3%) screening and admitted the cases, (56.5% / 62.4) tentative numbers of COVID-19 cases reported range from 0-25, (40.9%/ 11.6%) surgeons were assigned additional duties for COVID -19 by hospital management found statistically significant with "p<0.01".Conclusion: It is concluded after this study that the surgeons in Pakistan are well aware of the situation, have adequate knowledge of the risk factors and symptoms of COVID-19. But statistically, probably because of limited resources and workload, there is a substantial gap in practices between public and private sector surgeons. There is also a dire need to develop local guidelines related to preventive measures in our health care systems according to our demands and supply.

Intimacy for older adults in long-term care: a need, a right, a privilege—or a kind of care?

BackgroundTo investigate attitudes of staff, residents and family members in long-term care towards sex and intimacy among older adults, specifically the extent to which they conceptualise sex and intimacy as...

Disaster Training Following COVID-19 for Pediatric Medical Residents: Demand and Format.

Assess the knowledge, confidence, and attitudes of residents toward disaster medicine education in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era. Survey distributed to pediatric residents at a tertiary care center, assessing confidence in disaster medicine knowledge and skills, and preferred educational methods. Based on residents' responses, virtual and in-person educational session implemented witha postsurvey to analyze effectiveness of education. Distributed to 120 residents with a 51.6% response rate. Almost half (46.8%) of residents had less than 1 h of disaster training, with only 9.7% having experience with a prior disaster event. However, most residents were motivated to increase their knowledge of disaster medicine due to COVID-19 and other recent disasters, with 96.8% interested in this education as a curriculum standard. Simulation and peer learning were the most preferred method of teaching. Subsequent virtual and in-person educational session demonstrated improvement in confidence scores. However, 66.7% of the virtual subset conveyed they would have preferred in-person learning. COVID-19 has highlighted to trainees that disasters can affect all specialties, and pediatric residents are enthusiastic to close the educational gap of disaster medicine. However, residents stressed that, although virtual education can provide a foundation, in-person simulation is preferred for effective training.

Can one artist name an unnamed road after himself?

Process of rapid urbanisation in China during recent years have created the need for names to be given to new urban roads. However, due to the inattention of institutions charged with responsibilities for place-naming, some roads remain unnamed. Although these unnamed roads have been overlooked by China’s municipal authorities and by toponymic scholars, they have attracted the attention of Yulu Ge. In 2013, Ge named an unnamed road in Beijing after himself as a work of public art, aiming to urge the government to improve urban governance and to raise public awareness about the necessity of civic engagement. While there are many studies on the critical toponymy and geographies of public art, little attention has been paid to place-naming as a work of public art and the popular responses to it. This article considers how Ge conducted his public art and the attitudes of city residents who had knowledge of it. It is argued that Ge’s artistic practice has brought convenience to residents’ everyday lives and has led city authorities and urban communities to pay greater attention to unnamed roads. However, questions remain over the role of the artist as a disruptive presence in the city’s orderly structure. Therefore, this article argues that the disputes over the Geyu Road remind artists and scholars to consider how place-naming as an artistic practice can intervene in urban lives in a more appropriate way, and the extent to which authorities and urban society can accommodate creative and effective interventions such as Ge’s place-naming practices.

Factors of Single Use Plastic Reduction Behavioral Intention

Malaysia had ranked as eighth over the top 20 countries with mismanaged plastic waste. The largest source of this issue was high consumption of single-use plastic by individuals. It is believed that, residents’ social behaviour played a significant role in reducing single-use plastic, which contributed to decreased plastic pollution. Therefore, this study investigates the factors that affect residents’ single-use plastic behavioural intention in Malaysia using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). A Quantitative study using survey questionnaire was employed and the total samples were 341 residents in Batu Pahat Johor. All of the data were analysed using regression analysis through Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The results show a positive relationship between all variables except for environmental awareness and law and regulation. At the same time, the most influential factor affecting residents’ single-use plastic reducing behavioural intention was the attitude of residents against lower plastic consumption. Future studies were recommended to be conducted in urban areas which could obtain more desired outcomes. Thus, the findings from this research could provide useful and specific information for policy makers to implement effective strategies for protecting the environmental ecosystem in Malaysia. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01275 Full Text: PDF

Attitudes of Local Population Towards the Impacts of Tourism Development: Evidence From Czechia.

Increasing the socio-economic effects caused by the tourism development in the local population, they adopt some attitudes according to the impacts directly or indirectly perceived. However, some of this impact can be considered positive or negative, according to different perspectives. The issue of the resident-tourist relationship has been much-discussed recently. Therefore, many case studies are being conducted that address the impacts on both residents and tourists. The goal of this manuscript is to analyze the attitudes of local residents to the development of tourism in the urban monument zone Předhradí. Primary data were collected in a questionnaire survey for residents who have a permanent residence in a municipality of Předhradí in 2020. In our research, we tried to identify the significant negative impacts of tourism development. In the same way, we evaluate how the locals see positive effects on their quality of life conducted with tourism development. The research finds out that local respondents perceived some negative impacts to increase the economic perspective, as they referred to in the higher traffic load or increased noise. The pandemic crises are perceived as a game-changer in the tourism industry. For that reason, we suggest the primary considerations for future research not only with the academic perfective as for the practical point of view. The local population’s entrepreneurship attitudes must be one of the tools to assume the resilience toward the tourism development impacts.

THE ATTITUDE OF RUSSIANS TO VACCINATION AGAINST COVID-19: PROBLEMS AND CONTRADICTIONS

Despite the unfolding of the COVID-19 pandemic, the rate of involvement of Russians in vaccination remains low, which makes the study of attitudes to this technology particularly relevant. Based on the results of the author's empirical research and data from mass surveys of the Foundation "Public Opinion" and All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion, the article assesses the attitude of residents of our country to immunoprophylaxis against coronavirus. The study revealed that vaccination attitudes are a continuum, and the perception of vaccination against a new virus is associated in Russians with seasonal flu shots, and not with the National Vaccination Calendar. Today, the attitude towards immunoprophylaxis against COVID-19 in Russia can be characterized as distrust of a specific vaccine and approval of vaccination in general as an effective technology for combating epidemics. The key strategy is «waiting», and the choice of a personal trajectory of health care is driven by a broader trend of individualization and transformation of traditional social ties.

Perception of family and close relationships in the post-Soviet space: factors and directions of transformation

The article deals with the peculiarities of transformation of ideas and social attitudes of residents of post-Soviet countries concerning family life and close relationships. The article is based on the analysis of the results of the third and sixth waves of the international longitudinal study — World Values Survey. The authors substantiate the conclusion that traditional value orientations are widely spread in post-Soviet countries as an adaptation strategy of the state and society in response to big challenges. At the same time, the article concludes about ambivalence and asymmetry of transformations in the sphere of close relationships. There are four models of such relations in post-Soviet countries. According to the authors, state policy plays a special role in the transformation of close relations. It is pro-tanalistic in nature, does not take into account the peculiarities of different forms and types of relationships and is mainly focused on increasing childbearing. This undoubtedly reduces its potential as a mechanism for adapting the state to the situation of demographic transition.

Knowledge and attitudes towards living wills among healthcare professionals, residents and relatives in nursing homes: A qualitative study.

Living wills are a tool to support the principle of autonomy in end-of-life situations, when the person does not have the capacity to make decisions. The aim was to explore the knowledge and attitudes of residents, relatives and healthcare professionals in nursing homes in Cantabria regarding living wills. A qualitative phenomenological design was conducted. Two focus groups were held with seven participants in each group. A sample of 14 people participated in this study: four residents, five relatives and five professionals. This study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Cantabria. Two main categories were found, with six subcategories each: death, with six subcategories-as a social taboo, as a natural process, facing death, accompanying uncertainties, unnecessary lengthening of life and guilt-and living wills, with six subcategories-knowledge, unknowingness or misconceptions, usefulness, strategies to promote dissemination, intention of granting a living will and the professional's role in restricting or promoting autonomy. Unknowingness or misconceptions and uncertainties in relation to death were the most represented subcategories of each category. Although the attitudes among the study participants were mostly positive, there is a lack of knowledge concerning living wills, which is enhanced by the social taboo related to death.

Including Social Housing Residents in the Energy Transition: A Mixed-Method Case Study on Residents' Beliefs, Attitudes, and Motivation Toward Sustainable Energy Use in a Zero-Energy Building Renovation in the Netherlands

Reducing household energy use in social housing buildings can substantially contribute to mitigating global climate change. While municipalities and social housing corporations are willing to invest in sustainable renovations and innovations, social housing residents' inclusion in the sustainable energy transition lags behind. This pilot study explored social housing residents' attitudes toward sustainability and sustainable renovation of their apartment building, as well as (factors underlying) their motivation toward two specific sustainable behaviors. Semi-structured interviews, containing both open- and close- ended questions, were conducted with 20 residents of one social housing building that was due for renovations. Results showed that respondents were concerned about climate change, including environmental justice beliefs, typically already engaged in various sustainable behaviors, and were motivated to add sustainable behaviors to their repertoire after the renovation. Yet, perceived social norms were not always supportive of behaving sustainably and respondents sometimes failed to recognize the sustainable value of these behaviors. Furthermore, while respondents were more positive than negative about the sustainable renovation, they nevertheless listed many concerns and problems regarding the renovation process, including procedural justice concerns. This small-scale study provided important insights into barriers and facilitators of the sustainable energy transition among social housing residents, who are at risk of lagging behind in the sustainable urban energy transition. Findings underline the importance of including residents in the sustainable renovation process through engagement, communication, and co-creation.

Current Status of Simulation Use in Canadian Cardiac Surgery Training Programs

The apprenticeship model of surgical education, relying solely on operating room training, may be insufficient to meet current needs of cardiac surgery trainees. Challenges such as resident duty hour restrictions, increasing case complexity, and novel techniques limit direct intraoperative experience. Simulation is a widely accepted educational tool in surgery. The purpose of this study was to establish an understanding of the current use of simulation in Canadian cardiac surgery and to examine the attitudes of Canadian educators and residents toward simulation training. Canadian cardiac surgery residents and faculty surgeons were surveyed at each of the 12 Canadian academic institutions. Simulation was used in all 12 academic programs, with the average use being 3 to 4 times a year. The most common simulators used were anastomotic task trainers and porcine heart models. Simulation sessions were deemed incomplete, lacking clearly stated learning objectives and evaluations. There was an overall desire from both residents and faculty surgeons to have more simulation use at their centres. This study identified that although simulation is used and valued within Canada, it is not yet employed to maximum potential. Simulation cannot replace operative experience, but current demands on surgeons and residents mandates a broader, more effective application of simulation as an educational adjunct.

Spirituality and religion in residents and inter-relationships with clinical practice and residency training: a scoping review

ObjectivesWith the increased emphasis on personalised, patient-centred care, there is now greater acceptance and expectation for the physician to address issues related to spirituality and religion (SR) during clinical consultations...

Adapting Existing Resources for Serious Illness Communication Skills Training for Internal Medicine Residents.

Goals of care discussions are a vital component of patient care, but Internal Medicine residents receive limited training in these skills. Existing curricula often require simulated patients or faculty development, limiting implementation in many residency programs. Thus, we developed and implemented a curriculum leveraging existing educational resources with the goal of improving resident attitudes and confidence in conducting goals of care discussions in training settings. We developed cases and a detailed faculty guide for small-group discussion with three exercises to standardize the learner experience and minimize the need for faculty development. Exercises introduced established communication skill frameworks including SPIKES (setting, perception, invitation, knowledge, empathy, summary) and REMAP (reframe, emotion, map, align, propose a plan) for how to break bad news, respond to strong emotions, and conduct a goals of care discussion. Participants were 163 Internal Medicine postgraduate year 1, -2, and -3 residents at a large urban academic institution, where residency-wide curriculum is delivered in weekly half-day didactic sessions during the course of 5 weeks. Primary outcomes were resident self-reported confidence with goals of care communication skills. A total of 109 (response rate 67%) of residents reported improvement in overall confidence in goals of care discussion skills (3.6 ± 0.9 vs 4.1 ± 0.6, P < 0.001), responding to emotions (3.5 ± 0.9 vs 3.9 ± 0.6, P = 0.004), making care recommendations (3.5 ± 1.0 vs 3.9 ± 0.7, P < 0.001), and quickly conducting a code status discussion (3.6 ± 1.0 vs 4.0 ± 0.7, P < 0.001). Residents also expressed an increased desire for supervision and feedback to further develop these skills. This goals of care communication curriculum improves resident confidence and requires minimal resources. It may be ideal for programs that have limited access to simulated patients and/or faculty trained in communication skill simulation, but desire enhanced education on this important aspect of patient-doctor communication and high-quality patient care. Future studies measuring clinical outcomes and changes in learner behavior as a result of this intervention are needed. Ongoing observation and feedback on these skills will be important to solidify learning and sustain impact.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Residents and Stakeholders’ Opinionon Faecal Sludge Management in Abeokuta South Local Government, Ogun State, Nigeria

This study adopted descriptive structured questionnaire to elicit information on faecal sludge management from 399 household heads in Abeokuta South Local Government Area, Ogun State. The respondents were of 41-50 years, 54.6% were males and 29.8% had secondary education. Most houses (93.5%) had toilet facilities with pit-latrine (49.9%) the most common disposal method. Attitudinal score was 9.5±2.7 and 51.9% had positive attitude towards faecal management. No significant (P&gt;0.05) difference between respondents’ knowledge of faecal management and demographic characteristics whereas, the level of education was significantly (P&lt;0.05) associated with the respondents’ attitude to faecal management. No significant difference (P&gt;0.05) between respondent’sfaecal sludge management practices and sex whereas there was significant difference (P&lt;0.05) between respondent’s education level, types of toilet facilities, status and re-use options. Conclusively, study area is of medium density with mixture of high- and low-income populations which make their knowledge, attitude and practices of faecal management encouraging.

Strategic Welfare Policies with Migration: A Theoretical Model and Empirical Evidence

Abstract We test the welfare magnet hypothesis for Europe. We modify the existing theoretical frameworks assuming that: (a) welfare services, intended as the output of welfare expenditure, not the poor’s income or social expenditure, enter the median voter’s utility function; (b) preferences depend on the position of the median voter in the income distribution; and (c) the total amount of welfare services provided may differ from the amount needed to finance them, because of inefficiencies in the transfer process. We then test the welfare magnet hypothesis for 22 European countries by estimating a reaction function corresponding to the generic form adopted by the literature, but using the variables inspired by the model. We find evidence of a positive strategic interaction among countries, which suggests a downward bias in the choice of the protection level because of welfare competition. The level of social protection also positively depends on GDP, the redistributive attitudes of residents and their weight in the population, vis-à-vis the migrants’ share, and the efficiency of social expenditure.