Reservoirs In Indonesia Research Articles

Pengaruh Electronic Word of Mouth dan Brand Image terhadap Minat Beli Tandon Air Marine di Kota Surabaya

The use of water reservoirs is increasingly diverse but the aims still to save clean water, making the competition between water reservoir producers in Indonesia more competitive. That is added with the emergence of various brands of new water reservoirs that are produced and circulated throughout Indonesia. Moreover, the types of water reservoirs that appear are also increasingly varied. The number of brands of water reservoirs in Indonesia with various types of marketing affects consumer buying interest in the water reservoir itself. This study aims to determine the effect of Electronic Word of Mouth and Brand Image on Buying Interest. By using associative methodology and in taking the sample using purposive sampling technique. The results of this study note that Electronic Word of Mouth and Brand Image simultaneously and partially affect Purchase Interest. The company should maintain and further improve the supporting factors in order to form a Brand Image that has a positive influence on buying interest from consumers.
 Keywords: Electronic Word of Mouth, Brand Image, Buying Interest

An elemental and 87Sr/86Sr isotopic restitution of contaminated pore waters from sandy sediments of the Peciko gas field (Mahakam Delta, Indonesia)

Pore waters of hydrocarbon-bearing sand layers from gigantic Peciko gas reservoir located to the South of the Mahakam Delta in Indonesia were reconstructed and studied by applying the restored pore-water technique. The method is based on the Sr isotopic compositions of rock chips leached with de-ionized water aided, here, by the associated contents of major, metal and rare-earth elements (REEs). The soluble minerals were also leached with dilute hydrochloric acid and analyzed for their Sr isotopic compositions. The main founding is that many of the recovered H 2 O leachates were most probably contaminated during coring, which induced abnormally high metal and REE contents. The leachates considered free of pollution yield 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios that increase progressively with depth, which suggests a recent supply of surface waters to the upper pore waters. It seems also that only a few sedimentary horizons are interconnected at intermediate depths. Furthermore, the minerals dissolved by dilute HCl yield quite systematically lower 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios than the associated pore waters, which suggests a crystallization earlier than the recent flushing of the upper sediments by surface-type waters. • Pore waters of gas-bearing sands from Peciko reservoir in Indonesia were reconstructed. • The method includes the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios and the major, metal and REEs of H 2 O leachates. • The H 2 O leachates with high metal and REE contents were contaminated during coring. • Only a few sand units seem to be connected at intermediate depths. • The minerals dissolved by HCl are older than recent fluid supplies in the upper sediments.

The impact of floating net cages on the water quality of riam kanan reservoir, south kalimantan

Reservoirs in Indonesia have been widely used as floating net cages, including in the Riam Kanan Reservoir. The use of the reservoir as a floating net cage has affected the quality of water in the reservoir. The purpose of this study was to analyze the physical and chemical quality of water in the Riam Kanan reservoir due to floating net cages cultivation activities. This study used a purposive random sampling method, with the sampling location determined based on the density of floating net cage cultivation with a total of 8 points and a depth of 2 m, 6 m, and 8 m, respectively. The physical value of water was obtained by direct measurement and the chemical value of water is obtained from the measurement results in the laboratory. The data analysis in this research was the descriptive analysis where the data were obtained from the tables and graphs. The results of the research on the physical-chemical quality of water in the Riam Kanan Reservoir show that the physical values of water such as temperature, smell, taste, and color in the waters of the Riam Kanan Reservoir were still within the normal condition. The value of pH has a value of about 7.18-7.76. The value of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) was about 3.76 mg/l-6.14 mg/l. Nitrate value is about 0.002 mg/l-0.4099 mg/l. The nitrite value was about 0.0012 mg/l-0.0034 mg/l. Ammonia content was about 0.1643 mg/l-0.5132 mg/l. The levels of pH, DO, nitrate, and nitrate were a normal category, but the ammonia level was in the dangerous category. The chemical content increased with the depth of the water, due to the influence of the used feed deposited.

THE ROLE OF MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS OF THE BANJAR DISTRICT GOVERNMENT IN IMPROVING THE ECOTOURISM IMAGE OF THE RIAM KANAN RESERVOIR SOUTH KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA

One of the water attractions that is very interesting and has the potential to be developed into a mainstay tourist destination in Banjar Regency and even in Kalimantan is the Riam Kanan Reservoir in Aranio District. The center of its attraction is the Riam Kanan dam building, the natural scenery around the reservoir and the social, economic and cultural activities of the people above and around the reservoir, which is one of the largest reservoirs in Indonesia. However, the potential of the water tourism object in Riam Kanan reservoir is not well known by both domestic and foreign tourists because the communication strategy program has not been maximized by the local government. An important factor in raising the image of ecotourism is the communication strategy policy in order to promote it to a wide audience. Communication strategy and Marketing Communication are the combination of communication planning and communication management to achieve a goal. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with the type of case study research. Data collection techniques that researchers use are field research and literature study. The results showed that the communication strategy carried out by the Department of Tourism and Culture of Banjar Regency in enhancing the ecotourism image of the Riam Kanan reservoir has followed the procedure as in communication theories, namely Establishing Communicators. Setting Targets, Compiling communication messages and, selecting media, channels communication and also target market. The media used include outdoor media, small format media, print media, electronic media, internet and social media as well as other public communication channels.
 
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TROPHIC STATUS BASED ON NITRATE, PHOSPATE AND CHLOROPHYLL-a IN THE IR. H. DJUANDA RESERVOIR, PURWAKARTA REGENCY, WEST JAVA

Ir H Djuanda Reservoir (Jatiluhur Reservoir) is the largest dam in West Java, with an area of 8,300 ha. This dam was built in 1957 by a French contractor, with a maximum depth of 90 meters and is the first multipurpose reservoir in Indonesia. The reservoir functions as hydropower, irrigation, marine cage, raw water and tourism. The number of anthropogenic activities encourages changes in the trophic status of the waters. The explosion of phytoplankton and floating aquatic plants is an indication of eutrophication in this lake. The purpose of this study was to determine the fertility conditions of the waters of the Ir. H. Juanda through the approach of nutrient values (nitrate and phosphate) and chlorophyll-a with TSI and TRIX analysis. This research was conducted in October 2019 at the Research Center for Fish Resource Recovery (BRPSDI) Purwakarta, West Java Province. Chemical parameters such as nitrate, phosphate and chlorophyll-a were analyzed in the laboratory using the spectrophotometric method. In addition, in-situ measurements were made of several physical and chemical parameters (temperature, brightness, depth and pH). The results showed that the reservoir waters of Ir. H. Djuanda is classified as eutrophic based on TSI with a value of 62.0337, to hypereutrophic based on TRIX with a value of 7.4581.KEYWORDS: Nitrate, Phospate, Chlorophyll-a, Eutrophication

The use of phytoplankton communities for assessment of water quality in the Wadaslintang Reservoir in Indonesia

The use of phytoplankton as an indicator of water pollution is a promising tool for assessment of water quality. The purpose of this study was to determine whether diversity indices, including the species richness and diversity of phyto-plankton, could be used for reliable assessment of water quality in the Wadaslintang Reservoir in Indonesia. Surveys were conducted monthly at eight sites, from July 2019 to October 2019. Phytoplankton was collected during the day at 10:00 until approximately 15:00 in the euphotic zone. The parameters investigated were species richness and the abundance of phytoplankton, as well as water quality parameters listed in Government Regulation Number 82 of 2001. The level of pol-lution was represented biologically by the Shannon–Wiener diversity index and physicochemically by the STORET (stor-age and retrieval of water quality data) index. Moreover, the two indices were compared to determine whether a particular diversity index was more effective for assessment of this reservoir. The results showed that during the dry season, 22 taxa of phytoplankton were present, belonging to Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta, and Euglenophyta. During the wet season, 29 taxa were found, belonging to Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, and Chrysophyta. Based on the Shannon-Wiener index and STORET index, water quality was better during the wet season than during the dry season. The results of water quality assessment using both indices were consistent, but the diversity index was a more sensitive indicator of pollution levels. Therefore, the Shannon–Wiener index is a useful tool for assessment of water quality in the Wadaslintang Reservoir.

The analysis of water balanced in Bendo Reservoir using Dynamic System

This research was conducted to analyze balancing the storage capacity of the Bendo Reservoir with the quantity of water needed. Bendo Reservoir located in Nginden Sawo Village, Ponorogo Regency is one of the multipurpose reservoirs in Indonesia designed for irrigation, water supply, and simultaneously hydroelectric power. The water available is observed to be decreasing along with climate change, thereby, requiring an appropriate reservoir operational system. Several methods have been designed to achieve this purpose through the use of vast and complex variables but this study used a Dynamic Systems approach for analysis. Hhowever, involved the use of two scenarios in the simulation model to obtain the most optimum results. A period of 5 years was simulated and the result showed water shortage started in the 54th month for scenario 2, 49th month for scenario 1, and 46th month for the base model. Therefore, means scenario 2 has the most optimum conditions and recommended as the appropriate solution for Bendo Reservoir water distribution.

The sedimentation datasets of Keuliling reservoir.

Sedimentation is commonly found as one of the problems affecting the function of reservoirs in Indonesia. High risk soil erosion leads to the increase in sediment production which negatively influencing the capacity or functional age of the reservoir. Generally, several reservoirs in Indonesia are experiencing the operational problem due to the increasing of sedimentation throughout the year. The data presented in this article was obtained from the measurement of sediment in the area of Keuliling reservoir, including: The data of suspended sediment at every Keulling reservoir water inlet, the data of bedload sediment at the bottom of the Keuliling reservoir, the hydrometric data, including the water velocity and channel profile, where the sampling of bedload and suspended sediment sampling was conducted at each inlet. the data sediment volume at the dam reservoir. The data of suspended and bedload sediment were obtained by taking the samples and analyzed in a laboratory. The measurement was conducted three times in five months. The data of water velocity was also generated based on the measurement using a currentmeter. Meanwhile, the sediment volume data in the water storage of reservoir was gathered by conducting a bathymetry and topographic survey at the dam reservoir location and then comparing it with the pre-existing bathymetry and topographic data.

The Investigation of Silica Nanoparticles-CO2 Foam Stability for Enhancing Oil Recovery Purpose

Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas injection is one of the most successful Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods. But the main problem that occurs in immiscible CO2 injection is the poor volumetric sweep efficiency which causes large quantities of the oil to be retained in pore spaces of reservoir. Although this problem can be improved through the injection of surfactant with CO2 gas where the surfactant will stabilize CO2 foam, this method still has some weaknesses due to foam size issue, surfactants compatibility problems with rocks and reservoir fluids and are less effective at high brine salinity and reservoir temperature such as typical oil reservoirs in Indonesia. This research aims to examine the stability of the foams/emulsions, compatibility and phase behavior of suspensions generated by hydrophobic silica nanoparticles on various salinity of formation water as well as to determine its effect on the mobility ratio parameter, which correlate indirectly with macroscopic sweep efficiency and oil recovery factor. This research utilizes density, static foam, and viscosity test which was carried out on various concentrations of silica nanoparticles, brine salinity and phase volume ratio to obtain a stable foam/emulsion design. The results showed that silica nanoparticles can increase the viscosity of displacing fluid by generating emulsions or foams so that it can reduce the mobility ratio toward favorable mobility, while the level of stability of the emulsion or foam of the silica nanoparticles suspension is strongly influenced by concentration, salinity and phase volume ratio. The high resistance factor of the emulsions/foams generated by silica nanoparticles will promote better potential of these particles in producing more oil.

The Development of Non-Conventional Oil and Gas in Indonesia

Oil and gas fuel from unconventional types of reservoirs was the development of alternative sources in addition to oil and gas fuels from conventional type reservoirs that can be obtained to meet domestic needs. The development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs has developed rapidly outside Indonesia, such as in North America and Canada. One type of unconventional oil and gas reservoir was obtained from shale rock reservoirs. Hydrocarbon shale produced from shale formations, both source from rock and reservoir. This unconventional hydrocarbon has a big potential to be utilized. In this study, an analysis of the development of unconventional oil and gas from Shale Hydrocarbons carried out in Indonesia. This research included the distribution of shale reservoir basins, the number of unconventional shale reservoir resources, factors affecting the development of unconventional oil and gas in shale reservoirs in Indonesia, efforts made by the government to promote exploration activities, exploitation of shale reservoirs in Indonesia, and existing regulations for non-conventional oil and gas. The development of unconventional oil and gas reservoir shale needed to be developed immediately and will attract investors to meet domestic needs for renewable energy needs. From the geological data obtained, there were 6 basins and 11 formations that analyzed for commercialization. Tanjung and Batu Kelau Formation was a prospect formation from 4 desired data categories. In terms of regulation, it still needed improvement to increase the interest of upstream oil and gas entrepreneurs in the unconventional oil and gas shale reservoir. Research in the field of unconventional oil and gas exploitation technology for hydrocarbon shale needed to be improved.

Identifikasi Distribusi Beban Sedimentasi pada Intake DAM dan Reservoir PLTA (Studi Kasus: PLTA Cirata, Purwakarta – Jawa Barat)

Reservoirs in Indonesia are almost inseparable from the problem of sedimentation. Sedimentation issues are important in reservoir operations, including those that affect reservoir life. One of them is in the PLTA Cirata which experienced a high amount of sedimentation, based on the results of research by BPWC in 2017 the value of sedimentation was 1.96 million m3/year. The results obtained 1,565,844.51 m3 / year so that when compared with this value has a difference between 394,155.49 m3 / year, this occurs because of differences in the sedimentation calculation method. The research method uses the MIKE 21 Module (Flow Model), this research can provide information related to the sedimentation load in the PLTA Cirata. Sediment load that occurs in the intake area of the modeling results is from the Cikundul watershed with a maximum flow value in one year in 2018 of 716.14 m3/s occurred in April. As for the thickness of sediment occurs first 1-month simulation results in the location of each estuary is between 0.01 to 0.15 m for the location of the dam area of 0.01 to 0.03 m. The thickness of sediments in the Cirata area at the location of the river mouth is around ± 1.8 m / year and at the dam around ± 0:36 m / year. Types of sediment in each river mouth obtained 21.21% sand, 78.48% silt, and 0.31% gravel, for the dam area obtained 24.49% sand, 75.08% silt, and 0.43% gravel. It can be concluded that sedimentation entering the Intake area is removing sediment from each watershed namely Cikundul, Cibalagung, Cisokan, Citarum, and Cicendo.

Sediment Trap in the Downstream of Check Dam: The Effect of Changes in Channel Depth on Sediment Deposition

Reservoir sedimentation is a major problem experienced by reservoirs in Indonesia. Reservoir sedimentation can be overcome by reducing the amount of sediment that enters the reservoir, among others, by building a Check dam. Check dam deposits more sediment loads with coarse grains, while sediment loads with fine grains will escape and enter the reservoir. So it is necessary to have construction to hold and settle fine sediment loads downstream of the Check dam. Construction is planned like a sediment trap in an irrigation system with variations in the cross-sectional area. In this study, the cross-section was expanded by changing its depth. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of changes in the channel depth with discharge and grain size distribution variation on sediment deposition that occurs. The calculation is done using the HEC-RAS software. Simulation results show the deeper the sediment trap, the smaller the amount of sediment deposit. The large discharge, the smaller of deposit percentage. The greater of fine sediment percentage, the less the deposit.

Analysis of the water, energy, food and land nexus using the system archetypes: A case study in the Jatiluhur reservoir, West Java, Indonesia.

This paper applies the system archetypes to investigate water, energy, food, and land nexus (WEFLN) in the Jatiluhur reservoir, the largest reservoir in Indonesia. The Jatiluhur reservoir has multiple functions such as hydropower supply and water supply for different end users. Multiple functions and multiple users mean there are tradeoffs in fulfilling the needs of different end users. Through feedback loops, the system dynamics tools concern on the interdependencies and the complexities of the nexus elements. It is found that growth engines such as industrial development and residential development support industrial and residential sectors. However, water availability will be a crucial issue as water supply can bound the growth engines. This situation is called the limits to growth archetype. Another system archetype named the success to successful is also identified. The success to successful archetype reminds us to distribute water and energy properly to sustain the growth in all sectors. Finally, outputs of this study can be a basis to develop a computer model and to support sustainable functions of the other reservoirs.

Occurrence of Microplastic in surface water of Jatiluhur Reservoir

Microplastic is generally defined as synthetic polymers which size less than 5 mm. Based on the latest research, microplastics pollutions have many impacts on the environment and human. Jatiluhur, as one of the biggest freshwater reservoir in Indonesia, has potential to be polluted by microplastics because the water source of this reservoir streamed from Citarum watershed. Citarum River is one of the most polluted river in Indonesia. To find the occurrence of microplastics and to facilitate future policies in order to overcome microplastic pollution which occurs in Jatiluhur Reservoir, a study of microplastic abundance is conducted. Primary data is obtained by using the volume reduced sampling method. Manta trawl is pulled beside a boat for 5 -15 minutes for each sample and flow meter installed onto the mouth of manta trawl to determine the towing distance in surface water. Microplastic abundance in surface water presented in the form of microplastics amounts per unit surface area. Furthermore, microplastic characteristics analyzed with visual analysis, particle density analysis, and polymer analysis using FTIR. Based on seven sampling locations, microplastics have found in Jatiluhur Reservoir ranging from 0.71×104 – 4.59×105 particles/km2. The most type of microplastic found is fragmented polyethylene.

Characteristics of Arun Carbonate Reservoir and Its Implication To Optimize the Most Potential Gas Resource Zone In Arun Gas Field, Aceh, Indonesia

DOI:10.17014/ijog.6.2.209-222Since the discovery of major oil and gas reserves in carbonate rocks in the Middle East, carbonate reservoirs became important to the petroleum industry. Carbonate rocks have covered only 20% of the sedimentary rock records. However, carbonate reservoirs hold 50% of the world petroleum reserves. Arun Carbonate Reservoir is one of the biggest proven retrograde gas reservoirs in the world. After more than thirty years of production, Arun Carbonate Reservoir had an initial gas in place of 14.1 TCF residual hydrocarbon gas. The issue makes Arun Carbonate Reservoir became an interest to be studied for the development and production of hydrocarbon in other carbonate reservoirs in Indonesia. One of the fundamental topics to be studied is the characteristics of Arun Carbonate Reservoir itself. The characteristics of carbonate reservoir usually cause a lot of geologic and engineering problems in the development and production of hydrocarbon reserves. This paper aims to identify the characteristics of Arun Carbonate Reservoir and its implication to delineate the potential gas resource zone in the Arun Gas Field, Aceh, Indonesia. The data from sixteen wells have been examined through several multidiscipline studies: geophysics (well logging), geology (facies, lithology and diagenetic analyses), and petrophysics (core analysis). The result of this study shows that Arun Carbonate Reservoir (N5-N8) contains limestone 92%, 5% dolomite, and 3% dolomitic limestone (or other), and petrophysically have 16% porosity and 13.5 md permeability in average. Arun Carbonate Reservoir is divided into four facies (Reef, Near Reef, Inter Reef Lagoon, and Middle Shelf). Of four facies in Arun Carbonate Reservoir, only two facies which can be categorized as productive facies: Reef and Lagoonal Facies. The potential zones of hydrocarbon resources have vertically been documented in Arun Carbonate Reservoir.

ANALISIS FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP DISTRIBUSI JENIS TIKUS YANG TERKONFIRMASI SEBAGAI RESERVOIR LEPTOSPIROSIS DI TIGA KABUPATEN DI PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN

The role of rats as a potential reservoir of the disease remains negative impacts on the routine life, safety, welfare and economic communities. Rattus tanezumi, R. norvegicus, R. exulans, R. hoffmani, R. argentiventer and Maxomys bartelsi have been confirmed as leptospirosis reservoirs in Indonesia. Some rat species suspected as leptospirosis reservoirs were reported in Lahat, Banyuasin and Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) districts. It puts those three districts on high risk of leptospirosis transmission in the community. The aim of the study was to identify the environmental factors associated with the distribution of the leptospirosis-confirmed rats in the three districts of South Sumatera Province. Data used in this study were obtained from surveillance of the Specific Research on Vector and Reservoir Diseases Special Research" (Rikhus Vektora) conducted in 2015. A total of 308 captured rats was tested for leptospirosis using MAT and PCR methods. The environmental variables were recorded during the surveillance. Data were analysed using chi-square. The laboratory results demonstrated that 44 of 308 rats captured in the three districts were positive for leptospirosis. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the distribution of the positive leptospirosis-confirmed rats with ecosystem variables, trap location, altitudes and temperature. However, they were not correlated to the weather variables and pH. Unfortunately, the topographic variables could not be analysed because all rats were found in the lowlands. The early warning of leptospirosis transmission should be addressed to the three districts due to the presence of the positive leptospirosis-confirmed rats in those areas.

Comparison of LISAT and Landsat imagery for estimating chlorophyll-a (case study: Jatiluhur Reservoir)

Jatiluhur Reservoir located in Purwakarta Regency, West Java is one of the largest reservoirs in Indonesia. Various studies have been done to determine the quality of water in the reservoir. The presence of locally made satellites, LISAT, can be a tool for monitoring the reservoir’s water constituent using satellite imagery. Our purpose here is to define the spectral reflectance properties on Jatiluhur Reservoir and determine the water column constituents that correlate with the observed lake color. In addition, this study also aims to compare the spatial, temporal, and spectral resolutions of LISAT imagery and Landsat imagery in the Jatiluhur Reservoir region. Based on the table of the relationship between TSI with chlorophyll a parameter, the TSI value is in the range of 80 - 90. TSI 80 value> falls into the category of hypereutrophic waters. The estimated result from Landsat and LISAT imageries still show different results. Chlorophyll-a value from image processing also show significance differences from Chlorophyll-a value derived from laboratory analysis.

Borehole Microseismic Imaging of Hydraulic Fracturing: A Pilot Study on a Coal Bed Methane Reservoir in Indonesia

Over the last decade, microseismic monitoring has emerged as a considerable and capable technology for imaging stimulated hydraulic fractures in the development of unconventional hydrocarbon resources. In this study, pilot hydraulic-fracturing treatments were operated at a coal-bed methane (CBM) field in Indonesia to stimulate the flow and increase the reservoir's permeability while the monitoring system was set in a single near-vertical borehole. Locating event sources accurately is fundamental to investigating the induced fractures, but the geometry of a single downhole array is a challenging data processing task, especially to remove ambiguity of the source locations. The locating procedure was reviewed in 3 main steps: (i) accurate picking of P- and S-wave phases; (ii) inclusion of P-wave particle motion to estimate the back azimuth; (iii) guided inversion for hypocenter determination. Furthermore, the seismic-source moment magnitudes were calculated by employing Brune's model. Reliable solutions of locations were obtained as shown statistically by uncertainty ellipsoids and a small misfit. Based on our results, both induced and triggered seismicity could be observed during the treatments and therefore conducting intensive monitoring is important. The triggered seismicity is an undesired activity so disaster precautions need to be taken, in particular for preventing reactivation of pre-existing faults.

Short Communication: Genetic resources of fast-growing tree for rehabilitating upland area of deteriorated Saguling catchment, West Java, Indonesia

Rachmat HH, Subiakto A, Susilowati A. 2019. Title. Short Communication: Genetic resources of fast-growing tree for rehabilitating upland area of deteriorated Saguling catchment, West Java, Indonesia Biodiversitas 20: 442-447. Representing the upper landscapes area in West Bandung District, West Java Province, Indonesia with the highest point of ± 650 m, Saguling reservoir covers catchment area of about ± 2300 ha. Many huge reservoirs in Indonesia experienced faster-observed sedimentation than those of its expected time. The main cause for this situation is that the sedimentation rate has been doubled or even more than that of calculated or expected. The phenomenon of excessive and accelerated sedimentation condition in a water reservoir indicated that the development of both areas and its community have neglected the conservation aspect of the catchment areas. Those, rehabilitation of catchment area become an urgent need. Related to rehabilitation purposes, we planted six fast-growing tree species (Ochroma pyramidale/balsa, Nauclea orientalis/gempol, Ficus variegate/nyawai, Antocephalus cadamba/jabon putih, Anthocephalus macrophyllus/jabon merah, and Octomeles sumatrana/binuang bini) to determine which ones were the most suitable for scale-up plantation in rehabilitation activities. Planting was designed by total planting in uniform planting distance of 3 x 3 m, each species planted in line planting technique consisted of 3 block replications. Measurement on seedling height was conducted over all species at 6 and 12 months after planting. The best height increment showing the fastest growing species at 6 months after planting then scaled up to bigger experimental plot covering 3 ha area. Of the sixth month after planting measurement, result showed balsa gained the highest average height (136.19 cm) followed by nyawai, binuang bini, jabon merah, jabon putih and gempol (133.53 cm, 99.60 cm, 78.27 cm, 70.60 cm, and 53..30 cm). Scaled up experimental plot for balsa showed the average height at 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 year after planting (yap) was 4.16 m, 12.13 m, and 23.08 m while the average diameter breast height (DBH) was 7.0 cm, 20.14 cm and 28.21 cm. From study result, we suggested balsa as potential fast growing tree species planted for rehabilitation activities in Saguling catchment area.

Challenges balancing fisheries resource management and river development in Indonesia

Indonesia’s increasing human population will require more food and potable water into the future. Constructing more reservoirs has been deemed a national priority to help meet these basic needs. The number of reservoirs in Indonesia has increased gradually over time, but this may have affected fisheries resources. Of the 100 reservoirs already built, 80% are on the island of Java. The direct effects of reservoir on fisheries resources include sedimentation, reduced water flows, eutrophication and disturbance to the fish life cycle, and indirect effects may include overfishing. Reservoirs can also alter habitat, which can change fisheries productivity. Fisheries resources management, in a reservoir, has a high possibility of success if clear boundaries are set and expectations are managed. Fishermen need to participate in management and targets must be set to establish a complete ecosystem for a growing fish population. Other interventions, such as floating cage aquaculture and fish restocking, are suitable tools for management. However, at present there is no Indonesian framework to guide such management tools. With many more reservoirs planned into the future, there is a pressing need to develop a systematic and robust management system to ensure fisheries and river development can coexist.