Reseda Luteola Research Articles

High extraction and excellent anti-UV and anti-oxidant proprieties of lignin from Reseda Luteola L. waste by organosolv process

Lignin is an abundant natural biopolymer found in plant cell walls. Lignin can come from tinctorial plants, whose residual biomass after dye extraction was typically discarded as waste. The main objective of this study was to extract lignin from the residual biomass of Reseda luteola L. using an organosolv process and to optimize the extraction conditions. The extracted lignin was characterized, and its potential applications as an antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, and anti-UV agent were investigated. Response surface methodology based on a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the lignin extraction conditions (organic acid concentration, material-to-liquid ratio, extraction time). The extracted lignin was comprehensively characterized using NMR, FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, TGA, DSC, and UV–Vis techniques. The optimal extraction conditions yielded a remarkably high lignin recovery of 62.41 % from the plant waste, which was rarely achieved for non-wood plants in previous works. The extracted lignin exhibited excellent thermal stability and radical scavenging anti-oxidant activity but no significant antimicrobial effects. Treating wool fabrics with lignin nanoparticles substantially enhanced UV protection from the “good” to “excellent” category based on the UPF rating. This sustainable valorization approach converted abundant tinctorial plant waste into high-purity lignin with promising anti-oxidant and UV-blocking properties suitable for various applications.

Yellow Dyes of Historical Importance: A Handful of Weld Yellows from the 18th-Century Recipe Books of French Master Dyers Antoine Janot and Paul Gout

Antoine Janot and Paul Gout were 18th-century master dyers who specialised in the piece-dyeing of fine wool broadcloths manufactured in Languedoc (southern France) for exportation to the Levant. They wrote treatises, similarly entitled Mémoires de Teinture (Memoirs on Dyeing), illustrated with dozens of dyed textile samples. Janot’s is dated 1744, and Gout’s is dated 1763. These books are full of extremely valuable information, which is unique to its time: the books are composed of carefully described recipes for every colour, each originally preceded by a sample swatch. The yellows of both master dyers made from weld (Reseda luteola L.), belonging to recipes described as Jaune (yellow), were reproduced. The influence of the ingredients, in both the mordanting and dyeing baths, was assessed, and the timings for both baths, which in many recipes are not clear, were tested. This provided key knowledge on the technological processes for dyeing with weld from these 18th c. French masters. The resulting reference samples were preliminarily analysed by a multi-analytical approach. Their chromatic specifications, expressed in the CIEL*a*b*, were compared with those in the Mémoires. Moreover, the influence of the recipe on the percentages of the chromophores was assessed by HPLC-DAD. It was found that the bran and tartar in the mordanting bath influence the final obtained colour and that lime is essential to obtain a bright yellow.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of vegetable dyes and mordants from wool dyed with Curcuma longa and Reseda luteola

With the increasing demand to reduce the use of synthetic dyes, driven by environmental and health concerns, natural dyes are emerging as a promising alternative. Their environmental friendliness and sustainability are consistent with the global move towards greener practices in various industries, including textiles. However, the widespread adoption of natural dyes has also exposed their vulnerability to adulteration and fraudulent practices. As demand for natural dyes continues to grow, addressing these challenges is essential to ensuring the integrity and authenticity of naturally dyed fibers. This paper aims to establish a mild extraction method for the dye, mordant and wool in naturally dyed fabrics. Wool dyed with a mixture of Reseda luteola and Curcuma longa, was subjected to extraction using various additives, including HCl, acetic acid, NaOH, citric acid, formic acid and EDTA. In this study, two extraction techniques - heating and ultrasound extraction - were compared. The effect of the geometry of the extraction reactor was first studied, then the optimized conditions were applied to different solutions and reagents. Characterization of the wool fabric was carried out using SEM and FTIR, while HPLC and LC/MS were applied to identify dye markers. In addition, ICP analysis was used to characterize the metallic mordant involved in the dyeing process. The results demonstrated that ultrasound allowed an efficient extraction of dyes from wool under mild conditions. This study highlights the potential of ultrasound as a valuable tool for non-destructive extraction in the analysis of dyed wool, providing a thorough characterization of dye, mordant and fiber components. The studied technique contributes significantly to the field of textile analysis, enabling accurate identification of naturally dyed fibers.

Color Shade Extension of Reseda luteola L. Natural Colorant on Wool Textiles via Binary Combination of Metal Salts: Colorimetric and Fastness Studies

Color Shade Extension of Reseda luteola L. Natural Colorant on Wool Textiles via Binary Combination of Metal Salts: Colorimetric and Fastness Studies

Dyeing of Nylon Fabric with Two Natural Dyes, Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and Weld (Reseda luteola L.), and Study Their Dyeing, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Properties

Dyeing of Nylon Fabric with Two Natural Dyes, Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and Weld (Reseda luteola L.), and Study Their Dyeing, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Properties

Eco-friendly Extraction of Flavonoids Dyes from Moroccan (Reseda luteola L.), Wool Dyeing, and Antibacterial Effectiveness

Eco-friendly Extraction of Flavonoids Dyes from Moroccan (Reseda luteola L.), Wool Dyeing, and Antibacterial Effectiveness

Non-destructive and non-invasive methodology for the in situ identification of Mexican yellow lake pigments

According to historical sources, yellow colorants have been used since ancient times; despite this, their identification in textiles, Mesoamerican codices and other colonial documents is still a difficult task to perform. Most of the analytical techniques traditionally employed in the identification of yellow dyes, like HPLC-mass spectrometry, require object sampling, an undesirable and often forbidden procedure when dealing with cultural heritage objects. While some information can be obtained by non-invasive and non-destructive multi-technique analyses with portable equipment (allowing in situ studies); only few works have dealt with the in situ analysis of yellow dyes using such techniques, most of them with unsuccessful results. This is due to a combination of factors, mainly the low concentration of the dye on the object (caused by their high coloring power), their fast degradation, and the similarity of the molecule structures responsible for the yellow hues. In this work we present a non-destructive and non-invasive multitechnique methodology for the in situ analysis of Mexican yellow lake pigments with portable equipment: Raman spectroscopy, colorimetry, and fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS), as well as UV, false color infrared (FCIR) and false color ultraviolet imaging. The colorant specimens studied include: zacatlaxcalli (Cuscuta tinctoria), xochipalli (Cosmos sulphureus), annatto (Bixa orellana), old fustic (Maclura tinctoria), marigold (Tagetes erecta), sweet-scented marigold (Tagetes lucida) and weld (reseda luteola), the latter of European origin. The results presented in this paper shed some light on the non-destructive identification of yellow lake pigments - elaborated with the Mexican traditional specimens mentioned above - with the aim to allow their in situ identification on original artworks.

Investigation of the Dyeability Behaviors of Cotton Surfaces with Natural Dyes Extracted from Rubia Tinctorum and Reseda Luteola L. Plants

In this study, the pigment obtained from Rubia Tinctorum plants growing around Central Anatolian Region (Konya) and the Reseda Luteola L plant extract collected from Black Sea Region, have been used as natural dye sources. The 100% cotton, single pique knitted surfaces with 190 g / m2 weight are used as a material to be dyed. Prior to the dyeing process, the samples were mordanted with 1% potassium aluminum sulphate and copper sulphate in a laboratory dyeing machine (Thermal). Following the mordant process, the samples were dyed in the laboratory dyeing machine at boiling temperature for 60 minutes according to the exhaustion method. The samples were left to be cooled in the dyeing liquor and 12 hours later, cold overflow washing, hot washing, boiling soaping and cold rinsing were performed additionally. After the drying process, color measurements were carried out with a spectrophotometer (Machbeth 2 180 V) using Color office Textile program to create color coordinates according to the CIE Lab system under D65 illuminate and 10° standard observer. As a conclusion, the samples mordanted with potassium aluminum sulphate and then dyed with natural dye obtained from Rubia Tinctorum plant is considered the standard for color measurement, it has been determined that copper sulphate mordant is effective in the change of (ΔE*) total color difference (ΔE*=7.93). The samples with Rubia Tinctorum have a lighter color than the standard, the green and blue nuance is more, and the color is more matte as well. The samples mordanted with potassium aluminum sulphate and then dyed with natural dye obtained from Reseda Luteola L plant is considered the standard for color measurement, it has been determined that copper sulphate mordant is effective in the change of (ΔE*) total color difference (ΔE*=24). On the lightness axis (ΔL*), the dyed sample is darker than the standard. The color of Reseda Luteola L. dyed the samples is darker than standard, more red and blue; the nuance is more, also the color is more matte. When the Color Strength (K / S) values of the samples dyed with the dyestuffs obtained from Rubia Tinctorum and Reseda Luteola L plants were compared; in both dyestuffs, the highest Color Strength Value (K / S) was obtained in samples dyed after mordant process with copper sulphate (Rubia Tinctorum: K / S= 3,336; Reseda Luteola L: K / S= 10,649). The washing fastness results are lower than the staining fastness for all performed dyeing process. Both the color change in washing and staining rates are between the values accepted by the industry. Likewise, the dry rubbing fastness and wet rub fastness of all dyeing are similar. Light fastness values of samples dyed with natural dye obtained from Rubia Tinctorum plant are higher than samples dyed with Reseda Luteola L.

Green miles in dyeing technology: metal-rich pumpkin extracts in aid of natural dyes.

To reduce environmental pollution, it is essential to use green processes in dyeing and meet its requirements. Most natural dyes have a low affinity to be used in the dyeing process. To refine this limitation, the mordanting flow is necessary for many dyeing cases. Pumpkin extract as a natural, metal-rich source can be used as a bio-mordant in green dyeing of natural yarns such as wool. Two natural dyes native to Iran, Reseda luteola and madder, were employed in this study. The effectiveness of bio-mordant presence on yarns was evaluated by FTIR-ATR test from mordanted and mordanted-dyed wool samples. The study of K/S (color strength) content of dyed samples showed that increasing the dye concentration increases the amount of K/S. Fastness performance of wool dyed with pumpkin alternated from good to excellent depending on natural dye type and concentration, due to the formation of complex structures.

Influence of Flavonoid Dyes on the Color and Pro - Health Benefits of Linen Fabrics

ABSTRACT The paper presents analyses of flavonoid dyestuffs i.e., marigold (Tagetes patula L.), dyer’s broom (Genista tinctoria) and weld (Reseda luteola L.) Color analysis and potential health-promoting properties of linen fabrics dyed with extracts from the above-mentioned plants were also carried out. The study, based on many years of experience, led to carrying out dyeing with extracts of selected plants on an industrial scale and to creating a collection of naturally dyed linen apparels for adults and children. Dyeing was performed only with plant extracts. The experiments included fabric pre-treatment processes with the use of 5 mordants: alum, soda, citric acid, copper sulfate and iron sulfate. The paper discusses optimization of the dyeing process by testing the dyed fabrics spectrophotometrically and determining the colorimetric properties (L *, a *, b *) and the colors according to the Pantone (Color) Matching System (PMS). Laboratory research was implemented into industrial production line and a pilot collection of fabrics was made. These fabrics were used to make 2 collections of clothing with health-promoting properties for children and adults. Linen fabrics, with interesting, subtle colors, with antimicrobial activity showed positive effects on the skin, which was more moisturized and very well protected against UV radiation.,,

Effects of Different Mordanting Methods of Dye from Reseda Luteola Plants on Cotton, Viscose Rayon Knitted Fabrics Coloration

Cotton and viscose fibers are the most common fibers that used in textile industry. They have also a crucial potential for sustainability. As environmentalist approaches have gained importance to endure sustainable fashion, textile products have started to be produced by sustainable processes like ecological dyeing methods. Considering this approach, natural dye is preferred by producers and consumers with an environmentally friendly approach as a dye that is frequently used in textile coloring such as cotton and viscose rayon products. In this study, Reseda Luteola plant, which grows in the Mediterranean region of Turkey, was used as a natural dye source. For this purpose, natural dye was extracted from the dried and ground leaves of the Reseda Luteola plant. 100% cotton, 100% viscose rayon and (50% -50%) blended cotton/viscose rayon knitted surfaces were used in the study. Prior to the dyeing process, copper sulfate, aluminum potassium sulfate and iron sulfate were used as mordant material and pre-mordanting method was used in applications. The color strength (K/S) and CIE Lab (L *, a *, b *, C *) values of the samples dyed with the different mordanting agents were analyzed and their effects on fastness properties were investigated. As a result, the color efficiency (K/S) and fastness properties of 100% cotton, 100% viscose rayon and (50% -50%) blended cotton/viscose rayon knitted fabrics colored with natural dye that is obtained from Reseda Luteola plant, were obtained by determining CIE Lab (*L, *a, *b and *C) values. It has been figures out that their fastnesses meet the coloring properties and high results are evaluated especially in light fastness values.

The Effect of Laser Radiation in Different Mordant and Ratios on Silk Fabrics Dyed with Weld (Reseda luteola L.)

ABSTRACT In this study, the silk fabrics mordanted at the ratio of 1%, 5%, 10%, 20% of aluminum potassium sulfate (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O) and 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 3%, of iron sulfate (FeSO₄) were separately dyed 50% weld (Reseda luteola L.). Then firstly, laser radiation was used on un-mordanted silk fabrics and as a second step, silk samples with different ratios mordanted and dyed with weld were irradiated to investigate the laser radiation effects on color using several combinations of the two main laser parameters namely energy density and number of pulses. Nd:YAG laser device was used two different wavelengths of 1064 nm and 532 nm, and it was found that the laser wavelength of 532 nm is most appropriate to all dyed fabrics, while 1064 nm wavelength causes damages such as discoloration and burning in the iron sulfate mordanted fabrics. Colorimetric analysis was performed to examine surface alterations of silk samples. The CIEL*a*b* color values of the silk fabrics were measured and compared with each other. In general, the use of iron sulfate (FeSO₄) as a mordant increased the color difference (ΔE*) of dyed fabrics at 1064 nm. The color coordinates and fastness values of rubbing and light were investigated. Morphological analysis was performed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Elemental analysis was performed using SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) to identify mordants. A reserved phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with the diode-array detection (DAD) method was utilized for the identification of the components of dyes present in the silk samples.

Identification of Dyes in Coptic Textiles from the Museum of Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University

High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to a Diode-Array-Detector (HPLC-DAD) is used to investigate samples which were extracted from ancient Egyptian textiles (4th–5th c. AD) of the Museum of Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University. Madder is identified in several samples. According to semi-quantitative results, which are obtained from HPLC peak areas measured at 254 nm, madder that is rich in purpurin and poor in alizarin is identified in samples which were treated (i) only with madder and (ii) with madder and either indigo/woad (Indigofera species and other/Isatis tinctoria L.) or weld (Reseda luteola L.). The madder dye used in these samples could have been originated from Rubia peregrina L. However, the possible use of Rubia tinctorum L. (or other plants of the Rubiaceae family) by the Egyptian dyers cannot be ruled out, particularly if methods were developed by the ancient dyers to affect and control the relative composition of madder dye. The HPLC peak area ratio of alizarin versus purpurin is very high (>2.2) for samples which were treated with madder (probably originated from R. tinctorum) and a tannin source. Finally, in some samples, only indigoid dyes (indigo/woad) are identified.

Reseda luteola L. a remarkable species of apicultural importance from North Mexico

Reseda luteola L. a remarkable species of apicultural importance from North Mexico

Effect of the natural establishment of two plant species on microbial activity, on the composition of the fungal community, and on the mitigation of potentially toxic elements in an abandoned mine tailing

In Mexico, millions of tons of mining wastes are deposited in the open pit. Their content in potentially toxic elements (PTE) represents an environmental risk. In the tailings, pioneer plant communities are established, associated with a determined diversity of fungi; plants, and fungi are fundamental in the natural rehabilitation of mining wastes. The objective was to evaluate the impact of the natural establishment of two plant species on the microbial activity, on the composition of the fungal community, and on the mitigation of the effect of PTE in a contaminated mine tailing. In a tailing, we selected three sites: one non-vegetated; one vegetated by Reseda luteola, and one vegetated by Asphodelus fistulosus. In the substrates, we conducted a physical and chemical characterization; we evaluated the enzymatic activity, the mineralization of the carbon, and the concentration of PTE. We also determined the fungal diversity in the substrates and in the interior of the roots, and estimated the accumulation of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and PTE in plant tissues. The tailings had a high percentage of sand; the non-vegetated site presented the highest electric conductivity, and the plant cover reduced the concentration of PTE in the substrates. Plants increased the carbon content in tailings. The enzymatic activities of β-glucosidase and dehydrogenase, and the mineralization of carbon were highest at the site vegetated with A. fistulosus. Both plant species accumulated PTE in their tissues and exhibited potential in the phytoremediation of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and copper (Cu). Fungal diversity was more elevated at the vegetated sites than in the bare substrate. Ascomycota prevailed in the substrates; the substrates and the plants shared some fungal taxa, but other taxa were specific. The plant coverage and the rhizosphere promoted the natural attenuation and a rehabilitation of the extreme conditions of the mining wastes, modulated by the plant species.

Microextraction of Reseda luteola-Dyed Wool and Qualitative Analysis of Its Flavones by UHPLC-UV, NMR and MS.

Detailed knowledge on natural dyes is important for agronomy and quality control as well as the fastness, stability, and analysis of dyed textiles. Weld (Reseda luteola L.), which is a source of flavone-based yellow dye, is the focus of this study. One aim was to reduce the required amount of dyed textile to ≤50 μg for a successful chromatographic analysis. The second aim was to unambiguously confirm the identity of all weld flavones. By carrying out the extraction of 50 μg dyed wool with 25 μL of solvent and analysis by reversed-phase UHPLC at 345 nm, reproducible chromatographic fingerprints could be obtained with good signal to noise ratios. Ten baseline separated peaks with relative areas ≥1% were separated in 6 min. Through repeated polyamide column chromatography and prepHPLC, the compounds corresponding with the fingerprint peaks were purified from dried weld. Each was unequivocally identified, including the position and configuration of attached sugars, by means of 1D and 2D NMR and high-resolution MS. Apigenin-4′-O-glucoside and luteolin-4′-O-glucoside were additionally identified as two trace flavones co-eluting with other flavone glucosides, the former for the first time in weld. The microextraction might be extended to other used dye plants, thus reducing the required amount of precious historical textiles.

Phytotoxic activity of aqueous extracts of ruderal plants and its potential application to tomato crop

Background: The application of synthetic pesticides to the tomato crop ( Solanum lycopersicum -Solanaceae-) increases fruit production, but also carries risks for the environment, human and animal health.
 Hypothesis: local ruderal plant extracts could be an alternative for weed control, with potential applications in agroecology and organic agriculture.
 Methods: Organic and aqueous extracts (1 and 10% w/v) were prepared with the fresh (FAE) and dry (DAE) aerial parts of five ruderal species from Tlaxcala, Mexico: Argemone mexicana L. (Papaveraceae), Baccharis salicifolia Pers. (Asteraceae), Lepidium virginicum L. (Brassicaceae), Leucena leucocephala S. Zárate (Fabaceae) and Reseda luteola L. (Resedaceae). Their phytotoxic activity was evaluated in vitro with the seeds of three model plants (amaranth, lettuce, and tomato).
 Results: DAE of B. salicifolia and L. virginicum (1 % w/v) showed the highest potential as natural herbicides. These inhibited 100 % seed germination and radicle elongation in the three model plants but did not affect the growth of tomato seedlings of 8 and 12 weeks in greenhouse conditions. Both extracts analyzed by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS showed two major peaks. Bacharis salicifolia with m/z 432.9 and 725.4. Lepidium virginicum with m/z 532.9 and 527.1.
 Conclusions:DAE of local ruderal plants B. salicifolia and L. virginicum (1 % w/v) are potential natural herbicides, without harmful effects on tomato cultivated seedlings, awaiting the precise identification of their active compounds.

Bio-Antifelting Treatment of Wool-Fiber Based on Ficin: Improvement and Effect on Dyeing with the Reseda luteola Plant

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of ficin enzyme as a new antifelting agent acting on wool yarn and fabric. The treatment effect on the dyeing efficiency of luteoline colorant that was extracted from weld (Reseda luteola) was also evaluated. The structural properties of antifelted and non-antifelted fibers were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. An optimal enzymatic process for antifelting and shrink proofing was achieved at 40 °C for 3 h in alkaline medium at pH 10. The treatment increased the dye absorbance and fixation of luteoline colorant on the wool yarn and fabric. It also improved the fastness proprieties, particularly when a mixed mordant of natural alum and tannin from Acacia meransii were used.

Comparative palynological survey of the species of Reseda L. (Resedaceae) from Turkey

In this study we report the palynological properties of the genus Reseda, which is represented by 18 native taxa in Turkey. In general terms, pollen grains are monad, isopolar, radially symmetrical, oblate-spheroidal to subprolate in equatorial view, circular in polar view, small or medium sized and tricolporate. Pollen grains of R. malatyana are oblate-spheroidal; those of R. alba, R. coodei, R. balansae, R. orientalis, R. anatolica, R. lutea, R. globulosa, R. tomentosa var. tomentosa, R. tomentosa var. glabrata, R. germanicopolitana var. germanicopolitana, R. aucheri subsp. rotundifolia and R. luteola are prolate-spheroidal. Pollen grains of R. armena var. scabridula, R. minoica, R. germanicopolitana var. glabra and R. saadae are subprolate. All pollen grains of the examined Reseda taxa except R. orientalis are small in size. The mean polar axis length is 15.92–29.12 μm, the mean equatorial axis length is 14.20–26.88 μm and the mean amb diameter is 13.30–25.54 μm. The aperture bears a colpus at the top and a pore underneath the colpus. Its membrane is granulate under light microscopy. The margin of the colpus is distinct, whereas that of the pore is indistinct. The exine structure is semitectate, and the sculpture is microreticulate. In terms of details of exine sculpturing, two pollen types are observed: Reseda alba type and Reseda luteola type, or (in other words) reticulate type and rugulate type. It was not possible to separate sections or species of the examined Reseda taxa based on pollen data. The morphological and palynological data should be evaluated together to understand the classification of the genus Reseda in Turkey.

Glucosinolate profiles and phylogeny in Barbarea compared to other tribe Cardamineae (Brassicaceae) and Reseda (Resedaceae), based on a library of ion trap HPLC-MS/MS data of reference desulfoglucosinolates

A library of ion trap MS2 spectra and HPLC retention times reported here allowed distinction in plants of at least 70 known glucosinolates (GSLs) and some additional proposed GSLs. We determined GSL profiles of selected members of the tribe Cardamineae (Brassicaceae) as well as Reseda (Resedaceae) used as outgroup in evolutionary studies. We included several accessions of each species and a range of organs, and paid attention to minor peaks and GSLs not detected. In this way, we obtained GSL profiles of Barbarea australis, Barbarea grayi, Planodes virginica selected for its apparent intermediacy between Barbarea and the remaining tribe and family, and Rorippa sylvestris and Nasturtium officinale, for which the presence of acyl derivatives of GSLs was previously untested. We also screened Armoracia rusticana, with a remarkably diverse GSL profile, the emerging model species Cardamine hirsuta, for which we discovered a GSL polymorphism, and Reseda luteola and Reseda odorata. The potential for aliphatic GSL biosynthesis in Barbarea vulgaris was of interest, and we subjected P-type and G-type B. vulgaris to several induction regimes in an attempt to induce aliphatic GSL. However, aliphatic GSLs were not detected in any of the B. vulgaris types. We characterized the investigated chemotypes phylogenetically, based on nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, in order to understand their relation to the species B. vulgaris in general, and found them to be representative of the species as it occurs in Europe, as far as documented in available ITS-sequence repositories. In short, we provide GSL profiles of a wide variety of tribe Cardamineae plants and conclude aliphatic GSLs to be absent or below our limit of detection in two major evolutionary lines of B. vulgaris. Concerning analytical chemistry, we conclude that availability of authentic reference compounds or reference materials is critical for reliable GSL analysis and characterize two publicly available reference materials: seeds of P. virginica and N. officinale.