Field Research Research Articles

Impact of Social Media Marketing on Consumers in Philippines

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of social media marketing on consumers in Philippines. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The impact of social media marketing on consumers in the Philippines reveals that platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter significantly influence purchasing behavior, especially among younger audiences. Studies show that Filipino consumers are highly engaged with brands on social media, where personalized content, influencer marketing, and customer interaction drive brand loyalty and product awareness. Social media also facilitates quicker decision-making, as consumers rely on peer reviews and recommendations before making purchases. However, challenges include issues with data privacy and the oversaturation of promotional content, which can lead to consumer fatigue. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Theory of planned behavior (TPB), uses and gratifications theory (UGT) & social influence theory may be used to anchor future studies on the impact of social media marketing on consumers in Philippines. Companies should invest in analytics tools to understand consumer preferences, enabling them to create more personalized and engaging content. Policymakers should develop regulations that ensure transparency in social media advertising and influencer endorsements, particularly in areas like disclosure of paid partnerships.

Role of Cultural Heritage in Luxury Fashion Branding in South Africa

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the role of cultural heritage in luxury fashion branding in South Africa. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The role of cultural heritage in luxury fashion branding in South Africa has become increasingly significant as brands seek to integrate local identity with global luxury standards. Cultural elements, such as traditional patterns, textiles, and craftsmanship, are being incorporated into luxury fashion, reflecting South Africa’s rich heritage and fostering a sense of authenticity and exclusivity. This approach not only strengthens brand identity but also appeals to both local and international consumers who value unique, culturally embedded products. However, challenges include ensuring respectful representation and avoiding cultural appropriation. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Cultural capital theory, brand heritage theory, symbolic consumption theory may be used to anchor future studies on the role of cultural heritage in luxury fashion branding in South Africa. Fashion brands in South Africa can enhance their market positioning by leveraging unique cultural elements that resonate both locally and globally. Policymakers should create frameworks that ensure cultural elements are not exploited by global fashion brands without proper attribution and compensation to local communities.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MARRIAGE AGE LIMIT

Article 7, Paragraph (1) of Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage states that "Marriage is only permitted if the man and woman have reached the age of 19 (nineteen) years." However, in practice, there are several cases of underage marriage without marriage dispensation in Kutapanjang District. The purpose of this study is to explain the implementation of Article 7, Paragraph (1) of Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning the Marriage Age Limit in Kutapanjang District, Gayo Lues Regency, and to identify the causes of underage marriage without a marriage dispensation. This research is empirical juridical research. The data were obtained through field research, primarily using interviews. The findings indicate that the implementation of Article 7, Paragraph (1) of Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning the Marriage Age Limit in Kutapanjang District, Gayo Lues Regency has not been fully effective, as several couples still do not comply with the regulations. As a result, the implementation of Article 7, Paragraph (1) in Kutapanjang District, Gayo Lues Regency has not been maximized. The factors contributing to underage marriages without marriage dispensation can be categorized into three: First, coercive circumstances where the female party is already pregnant, leading to an immediate marriage to avoid social disgrace for the family and community. Second, economic pressure, where families believe marrying off their children reduces the financial burden of supporting them. Third, rejection of a marriage dispensation request by the Sharia Court, leading to unofficial or unregistered marriages. It is recommended that the government, especially the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA), be more proactive in raising awareness about Law Number 16 of 2019, which amends Law Number 1 of 1974 regarding the Marriage Age Limit, to all levels of society.

Enhancing Human Resource Competence through Informative Communication Techniques by North Sumatra Election Supervisory Body for Preventing 2024 Election Violations

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Informative Communication Technique of the North Sumatra Election Supervisory Agency in Socializing the Prevention of Election Violations 2024. This type of research is included in field research with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through observation and interviews with relevant parties in Bawaslu North Sumatera. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and interpretatively with a focus on explanations in the form of words, although there were some quantitative data that were analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that the informative communication techniques applied by Bawaslu North Sumatra were successful. There was a significant increase in public understanding of election regulations, marked by a decrease in the number of campaign violations and increased participation in reporting violations. In addition, the training and workshops conducted for political parties succeeded in increasing their level of compliance with election regulations. These communication techniques also reflect the principles of honesty, transparency and responsibility in accordance with Islamic teachings, making the electoral process more fair and democratic.

A Comparative Study of Bazaar Cultural Spaces in Central Asia and China

With the advancement of modernization, traditional bazaars have encountered challenges, such as diminished vitality. Concurrently, the trend of integrating cultural spaces into bazaars has become increasingly evident. Understanding the relationship between bazaars and cultural spaces, as well as the preferences of users of these spaces, is crucial for enhancing bazaar vitality. Employing field research, questionnaire surveys, cross-analysis, and the narrative preference method, this paper compares the bazaar cultural spaces of Central Asia and Chinese from four perspectives: the current state of the bazaar, development overview, user preferences, and cultural space type preferences. This aims to deepen the understanding of the commonalities and differences between the two regions, and to explore the development trends of bazaars and their cultural spaces. The study reveals that (1) Spaces with diversified functions, high accessibility, and openness can enhance the vitality of the bazaar; (2) There exists a synergistic, mutually beneficial relationship between the bazaar and the cultural spaces; (3) Central Asian residents place greater emphasis on the environmental quality of the bazaar and the engaging content of its cultural spaces. In contrast, Chinese residents are more focused on the accessibility of the bazaar and the openness of the cultural spaces; (4) The function of art and culture is the preferred type of cultural space in the bazaar among residents of both regions. This study significantly contributes to the planning, design, and optimization of bazaars and their cultural spaces.

The Plot against Mt Hurun: How Cold War Targeting of Nuclear Missiles Sparked the Peli Movement, East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea

ABSTRACT Considerable academic research has focused on the Peli Movement of the East Sepik Province of Papua New Guinea, one of the largest and most prominent of so-called millenarian movements in New Guinea’s history. In 1971, Peli attracted thousands of people to witness the removal of cement markers that an American geodetic team, as part of a Cold War project to improve nuclear missile targeting, had sunk into the summit of Mt Hurun (Turu), the highest peak in the coastal Prince Alexander Range. Removing the markers, people believed, would trigger political equality with, and access to, the European estate. It has yet to be explained, however, why Peli’s followers felt this particular action would produce such a dramatic result. Drawing on just over 24 months’ field research in 1979–81, 1987, 1991, and 1997 in Sima village in Mt Hurun’s high foothills, close to the Peli Movement’s centre, this paper contends that local views of what the mountain incarnates and the implications of burying stones in hilltops or ridge crests all but dictated the form of people’s actions and the millennial-like results they expected.

Menakar Kebijakan Pendampingan Self Declare Halal oleh Perguruan Tinggi (Studi Kasus di Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sidoarjo dan Uin Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang)

This study examines various government efforts to encourage halal product assurance, especially through the creation of derivative regulations and the establishment of the Halal Product Assurance Organizing Agency (BPJPH). However, small to micro-scale business actors still need help, especially related to registration fees and understanding the importance of halal certification. The study aims to explain the role of universities in East Java in assisting halal certification for Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) while analyzing the legal aspects and maqashid sharia. Using field research methods and qualitative approaches, it was found that the role of universities is as PPH assistants for MSEs who meet the halal certification criteria through the self-declare route. The implementation of self-declare halal assistance is faced with the obstacle of maintaining the activeness of registered PPH assistants, and there are still business actors who need to meet the requirements in the assistance process, such as lack of information on materials and expired material certification. An effective monitoring system is required to overcome potential errors in the halal certification process. Universities are also expected to be able to create program innovations to strengthen and activate the role of PPH assistants. The government, in this case, especially BPJPH, also needs to create a more consistent policy regarding halal certification registration through the application so that the criteria of the Halal Product Assurance System (SJPH), which is built on five basic principle frameworks (arkanul halal) can be met.

URBAN PLANNING AND VULNERABILITY IN SÃO FÉLIX DO XINGU

This paper investigates the topic “Urban Planning and Vulnerability in São Félix do Xingu: The Role of Civil Defense in Responding to Floods and Flash Floods.” The main objective is to identify the key urban planning practices discussed in the literature that can be applied to mitigate the impacts of hydrological disasters in São Félix do Xingu, in the Amazon region. A qualitative approach was used, focusing on a literature review, analyzing the interaction between urban planning policies and Civil Defense actions. The research considers studies published in the last ten years, focusing on tropical regions similar to the Amazon, and categorizes urban planning practices by geographic regions and their integration with Civil Defense. The main results highlight the need to strengthen coordination between Civil Defense and urban planning, as well as the importance of early warning systems and relocation strategies to reduce vulnerability. The comparative analysis revealed gaps in public policies and the need to adapt best practices to the local context. The study concludes that reducing the vulnerability of São Félix do Xingu requires an integrated approach between different sectors, strengthening urban infrastructure, and involving local communities. For future studies, it is suggested to conduct field research and develop local vulnerability and resilience indicators to support the formulation of more effective and contextualized public policies for the Amazon region.

The Impact Of Customer Empowerment On Reducing Marketing Deception: A Field Study For Several Iraqi Contracting Companies

Purpose: This paper attempts to analyze and discuss the impact of Customer Empowerment (CE) in reducing marketing deceptive practices carried out by companies. Theoretical framework: The literature related to the research topic did not describe of the application of CE in the workplace, as it is a recent variable and is still in the development stage. The scale (Abdel-Bari & Ashry, 2023) was adopted to measure the CE questionnaire, in addition to the scale (Gaber et al., 2018) to measure Marketing Deception (MD). Methodology: Field research was used to understand the practice of CE and identify scams. Six companies specialized in the field of contracting were selected. The research sample consisted of (152) employees. A questionnaire was used to collect data, and hypotheses were tested using the statistical program (SPSS). Results: There is a positive impact of empowering customers in reducing deceptive marketing practices. Research, practical and social implications: Provide a detailed description of the means that can achieve CE and reduce MD. Also, we Provides a practical approach to researching CE and suggests that future research should include business cases as a means of achieving this and provide justification for the importance of implementing CE practices. Originality/value: This paper is among the few to address CE with MD and emphasizes that CE must be an organization-wide goal and requires a long-term commitment to eliminate MD.

Analysis of Employee Satisfaction in Non-Profit Organisations - Based on a Survey of an Association in Nanjing City

Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the gradual expansion of the non-profit organization team, its related needs in human resource management have become increasingly urgent. And the related research on human resource management in non-profit organizations has gradually attracted attention. However, compared with the more mature research on human resource management in for-profit organizations, there are relatively few studies on human resource management in non-profit organizations. This paper selects employee satisfaction as the starting point to study the human resource management of non-profit organizations. Employee satisfaction, as one of the dimensions for judging the human resource management level of non-profit organizations, can detect problems in the human resource management of the organization as early as possible and make corresponding improvements to meet the needs of employees and enhance their work enthusiasm. At the same time, employee satisfaction can also predict employees' mobility intentions and become an important reference for preventing brain drain in advance. This research is based on the relevant theory of job satisfaction, using a questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews as research methods. Take an association in Nanjing as an example to conduct field research and analysis on employee satisfaction in non-profit organizations. In-depth analysis, using SPSS software to carry out descriptive statistical analysis on the data collected by the questionnaire survey and test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire results, found the shortcomings of human resource management in non-profit organizations. Through relevant theoretical analysis, taking into account the actual situation of the association, it puts forward corresponding improvement measures and suggestions for the human resource management of non-profit organizations.

Study of Unlawful Acts in the Implementation of Fiduciary Execution (Verdict Study No.345/pdt.g/218/PN jkt.sel)

As a form of security derived from law, fiduciary security has been used in Indonesia since the Dutch colonial era. Although the procedure is considered quick, easy, and uncomplicated, this type of collateral is often used in lending and borrowing transactions. Still, it does not provide legal certainty for creditors in their capacity as fiduciary beneficiaries. The author specializes in normative legal research, which is sometimes referred to as doctrinal legal research. Field research is not recognized in normative legal research. Research that looks at laws that are produced and organized based on doctrines that have been accepted by their developers or conceptors is known as doctrinal legal research. The judge granted the plaintiff's claim in counterclaim. The Judge stated that the Defendant in the counterclaim had defaulted to the Plaintiff in the counterclaim. Due to illegal behavior and violation of the subjective rights of others that are legally protected, the defendants' actions can be qualified as unlawful acts.

Implementation of Maqashid Syariah in Preparing Financial Reports for Sharia Financial Institutions: Study at BPRS Al Salaam Cileungsi

The aim of this research is to analyze how maqashid sharia is implemented in preparing the financial reports of BPRS Al Salaam Cileungsi. The research method used was a descriptive qualitative approach, through field research by examining published sharia financial reports and conducting interviews with management. Objectives in preparing sharia financial reports at BPRS Al Salaamin accordance with maqashid sharia, namely to fulfill the goal comprehensively in providing useful information to stakeholders. The objectives of sharia financial reporting include three levels, namely primary (dharuriyat), secondary (tahsiniyah), and tertiary (hajiyat). The primary aspect is very useful in providing financial information, that all financial institution activities come from halal sources. Meanwhile, the secondary aspect is able to provide additional information regarding compliance with sharia principles, as a form of protection for property development through contracts that comply with sharia principles. In the aspect of fulfilling the tertiary level, it shows that there is an urgency in presenting the assets owned by BPRS Al Salaam in a transparent and accountable manner, as an effort to be accountable to humans and Allah SWT, so as to provide benefits to more people. Compliance with these three aspects of maqashid sharia is a manifestation of benefit in the management of BPRS Al Salaam.

Changes in field-based research in accounting

PurposeMerchant and Van der Stede (2006) produced a comprehensive analysis of 24 years (1981–2004) of field-based accounting research. This study aims to analyse how the publication of field research in accounting has changed since 2005. In addition, it aims to analyse contributions from specific individuals, institutions and countries, and whether the field studies have contributed to accounting research and textbooks.Design/methodology/approachThe authors identified and classified 1,115 field-based accounting articles published in 14 accounting journals from 2005 to 2022 to uncover any changes. Thereafter, bibliometric analysis was conducted using data from SciVal.FindingsThe results show several significant changes. Firstly, the growth of field studies has more than trebled as nearly all journals published at least some field studies. Secondly, field research is no longer as confined to management accounting as before. It is gaining increasing traction in auditing, financial accounting and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Thirdly, while interview-based accounting research was clearly the most popular, the fastest growth was seen in mixed-methods non-management accounting research. While public sector management control case studies and content analysis of CSR were the most popular topics of interview-based studies, audits were the most popular topic in mixed-methods research. Authors based in large universities in large English-speaking countries have been most productive, followed by authors based in Europe and Asia. Based on citation analysis, the field studies have contributed to academic research substantially more than to textbooks.Originality/valueAn analysis of changes and trends improves the understanding of what has happened in accounting research and the development over time.

A Students' Perceptions Group 20 About Competence Lecturer Of Experience Practice (PPL) In PAUD & RA Tunas Qurrata A'yun Garon Village, Balerejo District, Madiun Regency

Perceptions of PIAUD Group 20 Students regarding the Competence of Practice Supervisors (PPL) in PAUD and RA Tunas Qurrata 'Ayun in Garon Village, Balerejo District, Madiun Regency. The DPL's ability assessment in accompanying PPL students is expected to be a valid enough reference to determine the level of competency ability possessed by the DPL. The researcher chose this type of research as field research because research on the Perceptions of Group 20 PIAUD Students regarding the competence of PPL field supervisors is not only sufficient with theoretical studies, but requires direct research on those being researched, which is known as observation and uses a systematic approach which is called qualitative. . Based on the findings of research conducted at RA Tunas Qurrata A'yun, Garon Village, Balerejo District, Madiun Regency, it can be concluded that the pedagogical competence of DPL PPL group 20 is good, in accordance with what is stated in law number 14 of 2005 concerning Teachers and Lecturers.

Поминальная традиция южных коми

The paper, based on materials collected during field research in the Luza region of the Komi Republic, considers local features of the memorial rituals of the Letka Komi. The memorial cycle includes individual commemorations on the third, ninth, twentieth, fortieth days, half a year and anniversary, name day, the birthday of the deceased, and the day of death. Modern tradition also includes visits to the cemetery by family members of the deceased the next day and on the first Saturday after the burial. Special calendar memorial days include Maslenitsa (meat-free) Saturday Maslenich Suböt, Radonitsa Radulnich, Trinity Saturday Ströcha Suböt, Pokrovskaya Pökröv Suböt, and Dmitrievskaya Mithrey Suböt, parental Saturdays; the day of remembrance of the dead soldiers on May 9. The memorial rituals of the Letka Komi, despite the simplification of a number of ritual actions and the change in the composition of the participants in the memorial services, include such specific features as the custom of kylzysöm ‘listening’, commemoration of ancestors under a growing tree, covering a gravestone with a towel kodrasyan chyshköd ‘memorial towel’ during a memorial meal; ideas about special periods of time kyk suböt kost ‘between two memorial Saturdays’, between Radunitsa and Trinity Saturday, Pokrovskaya and Dmitrievskaya Saturdays, and the associated complex of household and ritual prohibitions.

Research Ethics, Fieldwork, and African Studies

In recent years, there has been a noticeable uptick in efforts to address the ethical, methodological, and security challenges of conducting field research. In fact, an entire scholarly community has emerged from different pockets of area and conflict studies to develop and share a body of literature and foster interactive forums to advance this important area of study.1 Much of this work builds on the influential accounts of individual researchers (Wood 2006), which has developed into more systematic categories for the myriad issues of fieldwork (Sriram et al. 2009), as well as frameworks to understand researcher-related, subject-related, and result-related problems (Baele et al. 2018). Some have noted that the challenges associated with ethics, security, and methods are “amplified in conflict zones” (Cramer, Hammond, and Pottier 2011). Others have observed the African context in particular may require its own approach (Thomson, Ansoms, and Murison 2013), prompting the journal African Affairs to dedicate space to a series of research notes that tackle fieldwork in particular (Cheeseman, Death, and Whitfield 2017).

ESPressoscope: A small and powerful approach for in situ microscopy.

Microscopy is essential for detecting, identifying, analyzing, and measuring small objects. Access to modern microscopy equipment is crucial for scientific research, especially in the biomedical and analytical sciences. However, the high cost of equipment, limited availability of parts, and challenges associated with transporting equipment often limit the accessibility and operational capabilities of these tools, particularly in field sites and other remote or resource-limited settings. Thus, there is a need for affordable and accessible alternatives to traditional microscopy systems. We address this challenge by investigating the feasibility of using a simple microcontroller board not only as a portable and field-ready digital microscope, but furthermore as a versatile platform which can easily be adapted to a variety of imaging applications. By adding a few external components, we demonstrate that a low-cost ESP32 camera board can be used to build an autonomous in situ platform for digital time-lapse imaging of cells. Our prototype of this approach, which we call ESPressoscope, can be adapted to applications ranging from monitoring incubator cell cultures in the lab to observing ecological phenomena in the sea, and it can be adapted for other techniques such as microfluidics or spectrophotometry. Our prototype of the ESPressoscope concept achieves a low power consumption and small size, which makes it ideal for field research in environments and applications where microscopy was previously infeasible. Its Wi-Fi connectivity enables integration with external image processing and storage systems, including on cloud platforms when internet access is available. Finally, we present several web browser-based tools to help users operate and manage our prototype's software. Our findings demonstrate the potential for low-cost, portable microscopy solutions to enable new and more accessible experiments for biological and analytical applications.

Psychologıcal Effects of Earthquakes and Study of Earthquake Awareness Through Manısa Celal Bayar Unıversıty Students

This article aims to discuss the serious psychological problems such as insecurity, anxiety, fear, and trauma that arise in individuals due to the sudden and inevitable nature of earthquakes. Earthquakes stand out as a prominent threat among natural disasters, affecting not only the physical environment but also the human psyche extensively. The impact of earthquakes goes beyond material losses, deeply affecting emotional well-being. The insecurity triggered by earthquakes influences individuals' life standards and creates a sense of uncertainty about the future. These sudden events create an atmosphere of anxiety and fear, disrupting the emotional balance of individuals. Moreover, trauma occurring during and after earthquakes can lead to long-term psychological issues for individuals. Particularly, earthquakes can result not only in material losses but also in loss of life, initiating the mourning process and further triggering depression and grief. Focusing on the general effects of earthquakes, this study delves into how earthquakes impact individuals' mental health beyond physical damage. In this context, the study will first review the literature on the subject and create a conceptual framework by investigating the economic, social and psychological effects of earthquakes on society. Then, a field research will be conducted using face-to-face interview technique. For this qualitative research, semi-structured interview questions will be prepared and data will be collected by interviewing students studying at Manisa Celal Bayar University who have experienced or not experienced earthquakes, and some inferences will be made by interpreting the data obtained. With the findings of the research, it is thought to reveal students' coping mechanisms with psychological stress caused by earthquakes and the differences in this process. In addition, how earthquake awareness varies among students and suggestions for strengthening this awareness will be presented.

Treading knowledge: a proposal for an interpretive trail for environmental education in the squares of Gurupi – TO

Growing urbanization around the world results in population concentration in urban centers, composed of various artificial structures. This growth, often disorderly, compromises urban planning and the integration between built and vegetated areas, affecting the quality of life. Public areas, such as parks and squares, play a vital role in promoting urban well-being by offering ecological and social benefits. To maintain these green areas, it is essential to foster ecological awareness through environmental education. The interpretive trails emerge as an effective methodology to sensitize the population about socio-environmental issues, promoting interactive and outdoor learning. In Gurupi, Tocantins, three central squares, offer spaces for coexistence and recreation. This work proposes the creation of three interpretive trails in the central squares of the municipality of Gurupi, to promote environmental education for young students in the municipality. The work is characterized as basic research with a qualitative-quantitative approach that has as a procedure the bibliographic and field research with exploratory and investigative objectives. For this, the vegetative inventory of three squares that are in the central region was carried out, surveying the points of interest and themes for the creation of the trails, considering not only the natural aspects but also the sociocultural aspects of the environments studied.

The Role of Cultural Heritage in The Development of Tourism and Some Cultural Industries in Vietnam

Many nations now view the cultural industry as a significant role in the country's cultural life and as a vital economic sector supporting sustainable development. Vietnam has an affluent cultural history with diverse cultural identities and is valuable in every way. The development of various cultural industries benefits greatly from the resources provided by cultural heritages. In order to elucidate the significance of cultural heritage in the growth of particular cultural industries, such as music, film, and cultural tourism, we employ synthetic analysis techniques and field research in this article. According to the research findings, cultural heritages are becoming important resources for the growth of cultural tourism, giving travellers motivation to travel, learn, and carry out research. Cultural heritage also provides resources and inspiration for music and film production, meeting the public's needs for cultural entertainment. The article makes inferences about the value of cultural heritage; development constraints, and potential solutions for preserving and enriching cultural heritage within the cultural industry. It also provides ways to improve human resources in the fields of music, film, and cultural tourism.