Research Reports Research Articles

Evaluating Chatgpt As an Adjunct for Analyzing Challenging Case

Introduction Despite the rapid development of medicine, clinicians still faced with many challenging cases in practice. For challenging cases, most inexperienced doctors are unable to make a clear diagnosis in the first place, resulting in misdiagnosis and delayed disease. Recently, OpenAI released a new Chatbot model, called ChatGPT (Generation Pre training Converter), which is an artificial intelligence (AI) system that uses reinforcement learning model based on human feedback for training. There have been many research reports on the application of ChatGPT in the medical field, and it has been proven to have a wide range of clinical applications. In our study, we aimed to assess the accuracy and reliability of ChatGPT in diagnosing and treating challenging case. Methods We provided 2 challenging cases. Case 1 provided a medical history and auxiliary test results for ChatGPT, and then ChatGPT answered the possible diagnosis, diagnostic basis, further auxiliary examination and treatment. Case 2 provides negative symptoms and auxiliary test results for ChatGPT, which answers all possible diagnoses. Conduct a comprehensive evaluation and scoring of the results of ChatGPT responses by 5 senior physicians. A score of 10 is the perfect score. Results The analysis results of 2 challenging cases by ChatGPT were comprehensively evaluated by senior experienced professional doctors and scored 9 points. We found that ChatGPT's analysis of challenging case is comprehensive. Especially for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, ChatGPT analyzes all possible diagnoses and provides accurate treatment plans through the provided medical history, auxiliary examination results, and treatment processes. ChatGPT can directly interpret the auxiliary examination results, such as high level of procalcitonin (PCT), abnormal kidney function, and with negative results can rule out certain diseases, such as ANA, ENA, and ANCA negative, ruling out the possibility of autoimmune diseases. ChatGPT can summarize all the diagnoses including rare diseases, based on the results of an auxiliary test, and explain the cause of the disease and the pathogenesis in detail. Conclusions Our study shows that ChatGPT can provide important reference value as an adjunct to clinicians in challenging case analysis. In particular, it can assist inexperienced doctors in remote areas and underdeveloped medical conditions to make clear diagnosis and treatment as soon as possible, avoid unnecessary referral to higher-level hospitals, reduce medical burden, and reduce waste of medical resources. In the medical field, ChatGPT needs more research to evaluate in clinical applications and become a better adjunct tool in clinical work.

Sharia Economics on Payment Methods Paylater (Pay Later) among Millennials

Referring to the problems and research questions, this research aims to analyze the sharia economic view of paylater payment methods and the attitude of the millennial generation in using paylater but in accordance with sharia economics. This research is descriptive research using a qualitative approach. In this research, data analysis was carried out by conducting in-depth data processing from various articles or journals related to the application of sharia economics in deferred payment methods (paylater) among millennials. Paylater is a delayed payment method that has developed in Indonesia. Based on Research and Market report data, the market value of paylater services in Indonesia has reached $1.5 billion in 2021, and will experience growth of up to $9.2 billion in 2028 with a CAGR of 29.2%. The advantage of using this paylater feature is buy now, pay later. These advantages are excellent for society, especially the millennial generation. The aim of this research is to analyze the sharia economic view of paylater payment methods among millennials.

Resting-state background features demonstrate multidien cycles in long-term EEG device recordings

BackgroundLongitudinal EEG recorded by implanted devices is critical for understanding and managing epilepsy. Recent research reports patient-specific, multi-day cycles in device-detected epileptiform events that coincide with increased likelihood of clinical seizures. Understanding these cycles could elucidate mechanisms generating seizures and advance drug and neurostimulation therapies. Objective/hypothesisWe hypothesize that seizure-correlated cycles are present in background neural activity, independent of interictal epileptiform spikes, and that neurostimulation may temporarily interrupt these cycles. MethodsWe analyzed regularly-recorded seizure-free data epochs from 20 patients implanted with a responsive neurostimulation (RNS) device for at least 1.5 years, to explore the relationship between cycles in device-detected interictal epileptiform activity (dIEA), clinician-validated interictal spikes, background EEG features, and neurostimulation. ResultsBackground EEG features tracked the cycle phase of dIEA in all patients (AUC: 0.63 [0.56–0.67]) with a greater effect size compared to clinically annotated spike rate alone (AUC: 0.55 [0.53–0.61], p < 0.01). After accounting for circadian variation and spike rate, we observed significant population trends in elevated theta and beta band power and theta and alpha connectivity features at the cycle peaks (sign test, p < 0.05). In the period directly after stimulation we observe a decreased association between cycle phase and EEG features compared to background recordings (AUC: 0.58 [0.55–0.64]). ConclusionsOur findings suggest that seizure-correlated dIEA cycles are not solely due to epileptiform discharges but are associated with background measures of brain state; and that neurostimulation may temporarily interrupt these cycles. These results may help elucidate mechanisms underlying seizure generation, provide new biomarkers for seizure risk, and facilitate monitoring, treating, and managing epilepsy with implantable devices.

Living Long and Well: Cross-Temporal Meta-Analytic Evidence on Elderly Chinese Health-Related Quality of Life

China has been successful in getting her people to live longer. But, merely adding years to life and not life to years poses immense socio-economic challenges. However, not much is known about the effects of government policy and program interventions on changes in how well the elderly live over the years. Accordingly, we cross-temporally meta-analyzed 45 research reports (N = 36,352) that utilized the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scale (SF-36) from 2000 to 2020. We found that: (1) the bodily pain, general health, vitality, and mental health of the elderly deteriorated over time; however, their physical and emotional roles, as well as their social functioning, improved with time; (2) the rising dependency ratio impoverished the HRQoL of the elderly; (3) the HRQoL indicators of the elderly revealed positive gains under the home-based care model whilst they showed a downward trend under the institutional pension model; (4) the HRQoL indicators of the elderly in economically developed areas produced mixed results; but, they all worsened over the years in economically underdeveloped areas. Thus, more investment efforts from the government and private entities are needed to reduce the dependency ratio and to improve the lives of the elderly under institutional care and/or in economically underdeveloped areas.

Long-term health outcomes for patients with obstructive sleep apnea: placing the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality report in context-a multisociety commentary.

Patil SP, Billings ME, Bourjeily G, etal. Long-term health outcomes for patients with obstructive sleep apnea: placing the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality report in context-a multisociety commentary. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(1):135-149.

STRATEGI MODAL ‘ALA AL-ASWANY DALAM ARENA SASTRA ARAB: KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA PIERRE BOURDIEU

'Ala Al-Aswany is one of the modern Arab writers. His name is well-known among Arab writers, and his works are accepted, enjoyed, and studied by critics, even receiving numerous awards. This research aims to analyze the capital strategies employed by 'Ala Al-Aswany to obtain his position or legitimacy in the Arab literary arena using Pierre Bourdieu's sociology of literature. This study is a qualitative research with a descriptive-analytical method, using data sources such as books, articles, research reports, and other documents related to the topic and theory used. The data collection technique is documentation. The data is analyzed by identifying the author's biography and his contributions to the Arab literary world, then formulated and described relationally based on Pierre Bourdieu's capital structure. The results show that Al-Aswany possesses four types of capital classified from Pierre Bourdieu's perspective: economic, cultural, social, and symbolic capital. With the arena of production and these four capital strategies, he achieves a specific legitimacy, in this case, Al-Aswany attains the position of a "specific writer" in the Arab literary arena.

Impact of Increased Uncertainty due to COVID-19 on Analyst Research Reports

This study investigated the implications of Covid-19 induced non-face-to-face remote work environment on analysts’ reports. Employing an empirical analysis of the Korean market from 2016 to 2021, we reveal that research reports during the Covid-19 period exhibit larger prediction errors compared to the pre-Covid era. Despite the reduced accuracy, abnormal trading volumes were observed on the publication dates of reports during this period. Furthermore, these effects are particularly pronounced in reports issued by large brokerage firms with “Buy” recommendations and among foreign investors. Our findings highlight that the pandemic’s non-face-to-face environment has heightened uncertainty in research analysts’ predictions, leading to a decline in reporting accuracy. However, despite these challenges, there is an increase in demand for information from investors, and the impact of the analyst report on the financial market may be greater due to the higher demand for information from investors.

Replacing the old with the new: long-term issues of teacher professional development reforms in Indonesia

PurposeThis paper is among the first case studies in developing countries that comprehensively investigate the historical evolution of a country's teacher professional development (TPD) system, the outcomes of the current TPD and the factors underlying the stagnation of TPD quality.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected data from three types of sources—documents, observations and interviews. Documents examined included the handbooks of the TPD program, handouts for teachers, training modules from TPD workshop sessions and research publications or reports on TPD programs in Indonesia introduced from the 1970s to 2018. The authors conducted formal interviews with trainers, education stakeholders and teachers who participated in recent TPD.FindingsThe findings indicate that, on paper, TPD initiatives in Indonesia have included some of the positive features of TPD highlighted in the literature. However, these factors have not been consistently included in the reforms rolled out over the decades, and, indeed, many of the less desirable features of those reforms have endured. The analysis also reveals the absence of four key factors in multiple TPD reforms that led to teachers' and other stakeholders' dissatisfaction with the TPD implementation. These include consideration of teachers' skills, background and capacities; relevance of training; feedback provided to teachers; and workshop follow-up.Originality/valueThe research indicates that the long-term issues of ineffectiveness of TPD in Indonesia are driven by the incoherence of different elements of the education system. This extends beyond the technical and operational elements of the TPD itself. The absence of a clear vision of the purposes of teacher development has created confusion and uncertainty for teachers.

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON SIDDHA POLYHERBAL FORMULATION KEEDARI THAILAM

Keedari thailam is the polyherbal Siddha formulation extensively used for puzhuvettu as external medicine mentioned in the Siddha literature “Theraiyar thaila varka surukkam”. The ingredients of keedari thailam are Poduthalai (Phyla nodiflora Linn), elumichai (Citrus limon Linn), nallennai (sesame oil) and milagu (Piper nigrum Linn). Puzhuvettu can be considered as alopecia areata according to conventional medicine. Due to adverse effects in the treatment of conventional medicine, world is looking for the management of alopecia in traditional medicines for safe drug use. In clinical practice, the ingredients present in the keedari thailam have effective in the treatment of alopecia areata. Hence, this study endeavors to review the essential data focusing on the actions, phytochemistry and pharmacological studies of ingredients of the keedari thailam. Through this extensive review on Siddha literatures and recent research reports, scientific validation has been carried out on various pharmacological actions and therapeutic benefits of each ingredient of keedari thailam. This review revealed the presence of antimicrobial, antifungal, antibacterial, anti inflammatory, analgesic, anti cancer and anti diabetic activities in the ingredients of keedari thailam.

A Review on Seismic Analysis of RCC and Steel Structures using Linear and Non-linear Static Analysis

Abstract: An earthquake can cause significant harm to various aspects, including buildings, general life, and particularly multistory structures. In India, structures constructed in earthquake-prone regions, as defined by IS 1893: 2002, must be designed to withstand the loads, stresses, and consequences of earthquakes. Several techniques are available for assessing multi-story structures in this context, such as the Response Spectrum Method, Equivalent Lateral Force Method, Time History Method, and adhering to specific code provisions. Numerous researchers have undertaken studies to analyze multi-story buildings using one or more of these methods. However, there exists still a confusion about an effective and efficient method preferred for seismic design of multi-story buildings. Among the various approaches, the seismic coefficient method and response spectrum method are the most widely used. This comparative investigation aims to review research reports that have employed the Equivalent Lateral Force Method and Response Spectrum Method to analyze multi-story buildings in earthquake-prone areas. The design response spectrum serves as the initial reference point for most established seismic design and assessment procedures. It primarily dictates the inertia forces that buildings and structures must withstand during an earthquake. This paper aims to introduce and discuss contemporary concepts regarding the creation and utilization of earthquake design response spectra. Additionally, the paper highlights the various methods of seismic analysis being investigated in the past literature. It also gives an overview of various investigations being carried out using linear and non-linear static analysis of RCC structures. Many of the ideas presented are specifically aimed at aiding engineers who work in regions with low to moderate seismic activity. The main objective is to inform engineers about modern approaches to developing response spectra. This knowledge can then be applied effectively in both analytical and design contexts when dealing with earthquake-related challenges

Association between genetically predicted rheumatoid arthritis and alopecia areata: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Although numerous observational studies have indicated a potential association between autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and alopecia areata (AA), the research reports lack a clear causal relationship. In this study, our objective is to utilize the Mendelian randomization (MR) design to examine the potential causal association between RA and AA. To investigate the causal relationship between RA and AA, we utilized large-scale gene aggregation data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including RA (n=58,284) and AA (n=361,822) based on previous observational studies. In our analysis, we mainly employed the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method of the random effects model, supplemented by the weighted median (WM) method and the MR Egger method. The findings from the IVW methods revealed a significant association between genetically predicted RA and an increased likelihood of AA, as evidenced by an odds ratio of 1.21 (95%CI = 1.11-1.32; P < 0.001. Both the WM method and MR-Egger regression consistently showed significant directional outcomes (Both P < 0.05), indicating a robust association between RA and AA. Additionally, both the funnel plot and the MR-Egger intercepts provided evidence of the absence of directional pleiotropy, suggesting that the observed association is not influenced by other common genetic factors. The results of the study suggest a possible link between genetically predicted RA and AA. This finding highlights the importance for individuals diagnosed with RA to remain vigilant and aware of the potential development of AA. Regular monitoring and early detection can be crucial in managing and addressing this potential complication.

Alcohol Detector with Alert Notification

Abstract: Drunk driving is believed to be one of the leading causes of road accidents, killing over 1.5 million people annually. A driver who is driving under the influence of alcohol is not only putting his own life at risk but also others too. The aim of our research paper is to avoid these accident rates which have caused due to drinking and driving. This research report suggests a novel and pioneering technique to lessen accidents brought on by drunk driving. With the aid of an Alcohol detection sensor (MQ3) sensor, the system continuously checks the alcohol concentration level, and if it rises above a certain level, it notifies the police via the GSM SIM800L module.

Entrenched, Unrelenting, Unsettled: Cultural Essentialism in International Development Research on Domestic Violence in Nepal

Domestic violence (DV) is a serious problem that reinforces patriarchy and interlocking systems of oppression. Yet, as a form of gender-based violence, DV has long been implicated in essentialist discourses that produce cultural Others, primarily through a deficit lens. Similarly, the field of international development was founded upon a discursive binary between groups labeled “traditional” and an idealized portrait of Western modernity. Drawing on feminist and postcolonial scholarship, this study employed critical discourse analysis (CDA) to investigate how culture was constructed in 26 development research reports funded by international organizations that examined DV in Nepal. The analysis revealed that references to tradition and social change, and discourses of violence as endemic to place, sustained essentializing formulations of Nepali culture. Nevertheless, some passages in the documents inserted evidence that unsettled this essentialist narrative. These findings suggest that researchers, policymakers, and practitioners should develop a reflexive anti-essentialist stance, promote collaboration and leadership in research by diverse stakeholders in developing countries, seek to understand local strategies and resources that are being used to address social problems such as DV, and document the impacts of recent and transnational processes on social problems within developing countries.

CHEMICAL, TECHNO-FUNCTIONAL, AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF TIGERNUT (CYPERUS ESCULENTUS L.) RESIDUE FLOURS

Tigernut processing generates nutritionally-rich residue, mostly discarded as waste. This research reports for the first time the amino acid profile, phenolic profile, and pasting properties of tigernut residues. Yellow and brown tigernut residues were analysed for amino acid and phenolic profile, antioxidant, techno-functional and pasting properties. The total essential amino acids were 49 and 56% for yellow and brown tigernut residue flours, respectively. The flavonoid content and ferric reducing antioxidant property were 0.91 and 0.32 mg GAE/ g, and 3.43 and 1.41 AAE/ g for yellow and brown residue, respectively. Caffeic acid (29 – 56 mg/ 100 g), ferulic acid (39 mg/ 100 g), vanillic acid (38 mg/ 100 g), Quercetin (48 mg/ 100 g), and phenyl acetic acid (3 – 68 mg/ 100 g) occur in abundance in the residue flours. The oil absorption capacity (3.40 ml/ g), L* value (63.78), and b* value (15.61) were higher in yellow than in brown residue. Brown tigernut residue flour cooked faster (5.77 min) than yellow tigernut residue flour (6.97 min). Some essential amino acids detected were lysine, leucine, and methionine. The reports obtained in this work showed that tigernut residues have the potential to be incorporated in food due to their richness in essential amino acids, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity

Purpose in life and stress: An individual-participant meta-analysis of 16 samples

BackgroundPurpose in life is a psychological resource that has been associated with better regulation of stress. The present research reports a coordinated analysis of the association between purpose in life and subjective stress and evaluates potential sociodemographic and mental health moderators of this association. MethodsWith individual participant data from 16 samples (total N = 108,391), linear regression examined the association between purpose in life and general subjective feelings of stress, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. ResultsGreater purpose in life was associated with less subjective stress (meta-analytic estimate = −0.228, 95 % Confidence Interval = −0.292, −0.164; p < .001). Interaction terms between sociodemographic factors and purpose tested in the individual samples and synthesized with meta-analysis were not significant, which indicated that the association between purpose and stress was similar across age, sex, race, ethnicity, and education. The association was also not moderated by psychological distress. Meta-regressions further indicated that this association was generally similar across scale length, content of the purpose measure, and across samples from Eastern and Western countries. LimitationsThe associations reported are observational. Experimental work is needed to evaluate causality. ConclusionsPurpose in life is associated with less subjective stress across populations. Less subjective stress may be one mechanism through which purpose contributes to better mental and physical health.

Practice on Biomedical Research and Barriers Experienced by The Post-Graduate Medical Students in Bangladesh

Background: Research experience in medical education is strongly related to post graduate course curriculum and is also highly associated with future career achievements but conducting research is a difficult task at student level. Many hurdles are faced by post-graduate medical students during conducting biomedical research in Bangladesh. Previously doctors were either clinicians or researchers but now it is realized that a good clinician is a good researcher and able to be a competent physician &amp; scientist. This study was conducted to find out practice on biomedical research and barriers experienced by the post-graduate medical students during conducting it in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional type of descriptive study was carried out in the different medical colleges and Universities all over the Bangladesh over a period of 12 months from January to December 2020 among the postgraduate students of different medical colleges. Approval from the Ethical Review Committee (ERC) of Rajshahi Medical College was obtained prior to the commencement of the study and convenient sampling technique was used. Pre-designed, validated, structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 325 respondents on practice of biomedical research and 5-point Likert scale was used for assessment of barriers to its practice. Results: Regarding practice on research, 35.10% respondents had satisfactory practice on biomedical research and only 13.20% had published their research report in journals. Lack of research training &amp; necessary skills (73.80%), lack of fund (68.80%), lack of interest &amp; motivation (66.20%) and lack of appropriate knowledge (65.50%) were commonly faced barrier by the post-graduate medical students. Students who were in Ph. D (100%) and MPH course (68.20%) had more practice on biomedical research than those who were in MD/MS (35.80%), M. Phil (32.40%), FCPS (39.20%) and Diploma (4.90%) courses (p &lt; 0.05). Thesis part (39.50%) and dissertation part (39.20%) post-graduate students had also more practice on biomedical research than those who were in Diploma (4.90%) courses (p &lt; 0.05). But relationship of practice on biomedical research of the respondents was not statistically significant with age, gender, religion, type of medical college of MBBS passing, marital status, parental and spouse educational status (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: The study revealed that the post-graduate medical students faced various types of difficulties during conducting research. So, respective higher authorities must be careful to solve their problems during conducting biomedical research. JOPSOM 2021; 41(1):25-34

An Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility Around the World

This research report reviews and analyses how corporate social responsibility works in different countries, with different kinds of social, political and economic environments. Various factors, like judiciary, government and development of a country impact and influence CSR activities. Thus, a comparative study will be made between various countries of the world, based on their companies’ CSR activities. Moreover, the phenomenon of globalization has affected corporate social responsibility in various ways, as it has completely changed the interaction between businesses and their clients. On the other hand, certain countries like India, have mandated CSR by law and in countries like the USA, there are no laws mandating CSR activities.

MFF-CNER: A Multi-feature Fusion Model for Chinese Named Entity Recognition in Finance Securities

The objective of Chinese financial securities named entity recognition is to extract relevant entities from unstructured Chinese text, such as news, announcements, and research reports, that impact security prices. Recognizing entities in this field is challenging due to the abundance of specialized terms, diverse expressions, and the limited feature extraction capabilities of traditional models. To address this, we propose MFF-CNER, a multi-feature fusion model, to improve the effectiveness of Chinese financial securities named entity recognition. MFF-CNER encompasses several key steps. Firstly, it leverages a BERT pre-training model to capture semantic features at the character level. Secondly, a BiLSTM network is utilized to capture contextual features specific to financial securities text. Additionally, we introduce an Iterated Dilated Convolutional Neural Network (IDCNN) to blend, and extract local features, incorporating an Attention mechanism for weighted feature integration. Finally, the predicted sequences are optimized, and decoded using the Conditional Random Field (CRF). To validate the state-of-the-art performance of MFF-CNER in this domain, we compare it with five popular methods on a Chinese financial securities dataset annotated with the BIO labeling scheme. Notably, MFF-CNER demonstrates superior performance while maintaining compatibility among its components. Furthermore, we evaluate the applicability of MFF-CNER in the Chinese financial securities domain by utilizing public datasets from diverse domains, including social media (WEIBO), and news (MSRA). This research holds practical significance for downstream applications, such as constructing financial securities knowledge graphs, and analyzing factors that influence security prices.

The Disposal of Placenta among Indigenous Groups Globally: An Integrative Literature Review

Introduction. The placenta, or afterbirth, plays a vital role in supplying nutrients and oxygen via the umbilical cord. Western medicine sees the placenta as a medical waste and discards it after delivery. Meanwhile, indigenous groups observe rituals or ceremonies prior to their disposal since it bears sacred importance. Aim. The aim of the literature review is to review the current literature on indigenous methods of disposing placenta. Methods. Through the EBSCOhost search engine, the authors had access to the following databases: CINAHL; MEDLINE; E-Journals; Health Sources: Nursing/Academic Edition; Scopus; and African Journals Online. A manual search of the grey literature through Google Scholar and Google Search engines, as well as citation searching using reference lists, was also used. The following keyword searches came up: placental disposal, placental waste, placental release, indigenous placental disposal, traditional placental disposal, cultural placenta, and placental rituals. The authors followed the inclusion criteria of qualitative, quantitative, or mixed research articles or reports from experts and different organisations published between 2013 and 2022 in English. Findings. The following three themes with subthemes emerged in the context of this review paper: (1) placental consumption (increases milk production, prevents postpartum depression, and prevents postpartum bleeding); (2) placental burial (burial site determines the child’s fate, protection of the child, and fertility); and 3). artifacts (memorabilia). Conclusion. Indigenous placental disposal methods have a significant value to Indigenous women globally. The rituals performed have a special meaning attached to them. It is important for Western medicine to respect and support indigenous placental disposal methods and ensure safe handling from the healthcare facilities to their homes.

Research on Stress, Emotions and Mental Health

Younger generations in this fast-moving world have more commitments than their abilities, so they tend to carry burden which they cannot bear. At the same time, rate of suicide is on the rise, especially among youngsters aged between 15 19 years old. Relevant research reports have concluded that mental disorders and depression are the important caused of suicide. This research investigates the impact of the stress on mental behavior and emotions in the present world through analyses of stress management, work plan, self-satisfaction, virtual world and emotional impacts. It is concluded that 80 percent participants engaged with have experienced stress at one time in their life, while 14 percent propose extremely stressed. Only 6 percent knew how to deal with their situation and find solution. Therefore, in this situation with social pressure, there is a great need for information from mental health practitioners to provide information on stress relieving to help the young people affected by psychological challenges due to stress