Research Reports Research Articles

Patient-physician interaction education in Korea: a systematic review.

Patient-physician interaction (PPI) is an important area in medical education, but in-depth discussions on the content of the outcome of patient-doctor education are rare. Therefore, in this study, we will systematically analyze the research on PPI education in Korea. In this study, papers searched with keywords related to PPI education from Korea's academic journal service were targeted according to a systematic literature analysis method. The scope of the study was to include papers published in academic journals that are candidates for Korea Citation Index registration, excluding dissertations, research reports, posters, conference presentations, books, and internet materials. The content included papers targeting medical education and medical school students was set as the range. As a result of the analysis, although communication between PPI has many positive effects in the PPI in medical education at medical schools, obstacles do occur, and various ways to overcome them were suggested. Therefore, although medical interview training between patients and doctors in medical schools is necessary, it was analyzed as being based on overseas research or lacking in specific content. The core of PPI education appears to be medical interviews, and it seems necessary to discuss whether empathy or patient-centered medical care are appropriate as the main principles of PPI education in Korea. Therefore, education on the patient-doctor relationship is an important element in medical humanities and medical humanities education, and it is expected that research and education on this will progress more actively.

Integrating rehabilitation into health systems: A comparative study of nine middle-income countries using WHO's Systematic Assessment of Rehabilitation Situation (STARS).

The need for rehabilitation is growing due to health and demographic trends, especially the rise of non-communicable diseases and the rapid ageing of the global population. However, the extent to which rehabilitation is integrated into health systems is mostly unclear. Our objective is to describe and compare the nature and extent of integration of rehabilitation within health systems across nine middle-income countries using available Systematic Assessment of Rehabilitation Situation (STARS) reports. Cross-country comparative study with variable-oriented design using available rehabilitation health system assessment reports from nine middle income countries. The integration of rehabilitation into health systems is limited across countries. Governance and financing for rehabilitation are mostly established within health ministries but weakly so, while health information systems are characterized by no available data or data that is insufficient or not routinely generated. The overall numbers of rehabilitation workforce per capita are low, with frequent reports of workforce challenges. In most countries the availability of longer-stay, high-intensity rehabilitation is extremely low, the availability of rehabilitation in tertiary hospitals is modest and in government supported primary care its almost non-existent. Multiple concerns about rehabilitation quality arose but the lack of empirical data hinders formal appraisal. The study sheds light on the limited integration of rehabilitation in health systems and common areas of difficulty and challenge across nine middle income countries. All countries were found to have a basis on which to strengthen rehabilitation and there were often multiple areas within each health system building block that required action in order to improve the situation. Findings can inform governments, regional and global agencies to support future efforts to strengthen rehabilitation. Additionally, our study demonstrates the value of STARS reports for health policy and systems research and can serve as a model for further comparative studies.

Artificial intelligence in the risk prediction models of cardiovascular disease and development of an independent validation screening tool: a systematic review

BackgroundA comprehensive overview of artificial intelligence (AI) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prediction and a screening tool of AI models (AI-Ms) for independent external validation are lacking. This systematic review aims to identify, describe, and appraise AI-Ms of CVD prediction in the general and special populations and develop a new independent validation score (IVS) for AI-Ms replicability evaluation.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and IEEE library were searched up to July 2021. Data extraction and analysis were performed for the populations, distribution, predictors, algorithms, etc. The risk of bias was evaluated with the prediction risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST). Subsequently, we designed IVS for model replicability evaluation with five steps in five items, including transparency of algorithms, performance of models, feasibility of reproduction, risk of reproduction, and clinical implication, respectively. The review is registered in PROSPERO (No. CRD42021271789).ResultsIn 20,887 screened references, 79 articles (82.5% in 2017–2021) were included, which contained 114 datasets (67 in Europe and North America, but 0 in Africa). We identified 486 AI-Ms, of which the majority were in development (n = 380), but none of them had undergone independent external validation. A total of 66 idiographic algorithms were found; however, 36.4% were used only once and only 39.4% over three times. A large number of different predictors (range 5–52,000, median 21) and large-span sample size (range 80–3,660,000, median 4466) were observed. All models were at high risk of bias according to PROBAST, primarily due to the incorrect use of statistical methods. IVS analysis confirmed only 10 models as “recommended”; however, 281 and 187 were “not recommended” and “warning,” respectively.ConclusionAI has led the digital revolution in the field of CVD prediction, but is still in the early stage of development as the defects of research design, report, and evaluation systems. The IVS we developed may contribute to independent external validation and the development of this field.

Phlorizin, an Important Glucoside: Research Progress on Its Biological Activity and Mechanism.

Phlorizin, as a flavonoid from a wide range of sources, is gradually becoming known for its biological activity. Phlorizin can exert antioxidant effects by regulating the IL-1β/IKB-α/NF-KB signaling pathway. At the same time, it exerts its antibacterial activity by reducing intracellular DNA agglutination, reducing intracellular protein and energy synthesis, and destroying intracellular metabolism. In addition, phlorizin also has various pharmacological effects such as antiviral, antidiabetic, antitumor, and hepatoprotective effects. Based on domestic and foreign research reports, this article reviews the plant sources, extraction, and biological activities of phlorizin, providing a reference for improving the clinical application of phlorizin.

Tracking IUCN extinction risk at sub-regional scale: lessons from comparing Italian Red List assessments for cartilaginous species within a decade (2013–2022)

This brief research report presents the 2022 updated IUCN Red List for the cartilaginous fish fauna (76 species) recorded in the Italian seas and compares it with the 2013 assessment. Overall, the number of Data Deficient (DD) species decreased in favor of both threatened and unthreatened categories. Out of five DD species in the 2013 assessment, three acquired the status of threatened species (Vulnerable or higher) and two an unthreatened (Least Concern or higher) status in the 2022 assessment. Additionally, the classification for one species changed from Least Concern in 2013 to DD in 2022. The comparison between assessments showed no significant change in the average extinction risk status of cartilaginous fish populations of the Italian seas. Even though 2013-DD species decreased in number, the latter still remains high in the updated Italian IUCN Red List assessment.

TAC: State hospital beds for adults with SMI reach historic, critical low

Observing that the number of psychiatric hospital beds for people with severe mental illness (SMI) has reached an historic and critical low, the Treatment Advocacy Center (TAC) earlier this month released a new research report, which found the critical shortage of beds to have real consequences for people with SMI. Some will wait months in jail despite not yet being found guilty of crime while others will be denied hospital admission despite being critically ill.

Registered Report for climate research

Registered Report for climate research

Caregivers' Contributions to Heart Failure Self-care: An Updated Systematic Review.

A previous systematic review reporting the contributions of informal, unpaid caregivers to patient heart failure (HF) self-care requires updating to better inform research, practice, and policy. The aim of this study was to provide an updated review answering the questions: (1) What specific activities do informal caregivers of adults with HF take part in related to HF self-care? (2) Have the activities that informal caregivers of adults with HF take part in related to HF self-care changed over time? (3) What are the gaps in the science? This review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched. Eligible studies involved an informal, unpaid caregiver of an adult with HF as a study variable or participant. Caregiving activities were benchmarked using the theory of self-care in chronic illness. Two thousand one hundred fifty-four research reports were identified, of which 64 met criteria. Caregivers' contributions occurred in self-care maintenance (91%), monitoring (54%), and management (46%). Activities performed directly on or to the patient were reported more frequently than activities performed for the patient. Change over time involved the 3 domains differentially. Gaps include ambiguous self-care activity descriptions, inadequate caregiving time quantification, and underrepresented self-care monitoring, supportive, and communication activities. Newly identified caregiver-reported activities support updating the theory of self-care in chronic illness to include activities currently considered ancillary to HF self-care. Identified gaps highlight the need to define specific caregiving activities, determine task difficulty and burden, and identify caregiver self-care strategy and education needs. Exposing the hidden work of caregiving is essential to inform policy and practice.

Exploring the Osteogenic Potential of Zinc-Doped Magnesium Phosphate Cement (ZMPC): A Novel Material for Orthopedic Bone Defect Repair.

In orthopedics, the repair of bone defects remains challenging. In previous research reports, magnesium phosphate cements (MPCs) were widely used because of their excellent mechanical properties, which have been widely used in the field of orthopedic medicine. We built a new k-struvite (MPC) cement obtained from zinc oxide (ZnO) and assessed its osteogenic properties. Zinc-doped magnesium phosphate cement (ZMPC) is a novel material with good biocompatibility and degradability. This article summarizes the preparation method, physicochemical properties, and biological properties of ZMPC through research on this material. The results show that ZMPC has the same strength and toughness (25.3 ± 1.73 MPa to 20.18 ± 2.11 MPa), that meet the requirements of bone repair. Furthermore, the material can gradually degrade (12.27% ± 1.11% in 28 days) and promote osteogenic differentiation (relative protein expression level increased 2-3 times) of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) in vitro. In addition, in vivo confirmation revealed increased bone regeneration in a rat calvarial defect model compared with MPC alone. Therefore, ZMPC has broad application prospects and is expected to be an important repair material in the field of orthopedic medicine.

Anti-Drugs Chatbot: Chinese BERT-Based Cognitive Intent Analysis

Drug abuse has always been a severe issue, but the proportion of drug abuse and addiction is rising. According to research reports, youth are motivated to access drugs mainly due to curiosity and peer influence. Additionally, youth especially lack proper knowledge and education surrounding drug abuse. Analyzing whether potential addicts intend to access drugs is helpful in preventing drug abuse and addiction. We developed an Anti-drug Chatbot for young people on a popular online social platform. We can detect potential risks, obtain warnings from the user-entered query and provide these to professional consultants for help. In this article, we present a hierarchical system with bidirectional encoder representation from transformers (BERT) to efficiently recognize and classify a user’s intent. We use the Chinese BERT-based model to utilize contextual information to perform classification and recognition. We evaluate our proposed system on our conversational dataset.

Research on the barriers to accessing sexual healthcare for sexually diverse Muslim men: protocol for a scoping review

IntroductionSexually diverse Muslim men are seen to be at a higher risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections due to their limited access to sexual healthcare services. We outline...

교육과정 변천에 따른 고등학교 1학년 수학의 변천 분석

High school 1st year mathematics has been considered explicitly or implicitly as a common curriculum or a common subject in Korea. Which changes have occurred in high school 1st year mathematics according to changes of national mathematics curriculum? In this paper we investigate changes of high 1st year mathematics according to changes of curriculum focused on changes of contents of algebra. For this we first analyze literature including national mathematics curriculum from the 1st national mathematics curriculum to the 2022 revised national mathematics curriculum, research reports, mathematics textbooks and so on. As the result of our analysis, we identified that high school 1st year mathematics has always played a role as a basic and common subject in view of its subject name and its place in high school mathematics curriculum for each curriculum period. And we alos identified that there were some contents of algebra, that is, sequence, exponent and logarithm, etc. included in high school 1st year mathematics and 2nd or 3rd year mathematics alternately, and other contents of algebra disappeared in mathematics curriculum. Our analysis results seem to be basic data in discussing the range of contents of common mathematics curriculum for citizens in future.

Keuntungan Usaha Kue Bagea Sheren MU Di Kelurahan Buyungon Kecamatan Amurang Kebupaten Minahasa Selatan

This study aims to analyze the business profits of Sheren MU Bagea Cake in Buyungon Village Amurang District South Minahasa Regency. The research lasted for 2 months from May to June 2023. The data collected were primary data obtained from direct interviews with entrepreneurs of Sheren MU Bagea Cake, using questionnaires. Secondary data were obtained from journals, research reports taken from the internet. The results of the study were analyzed descriptively with profit analysis. The results showed that the amount of net profit from the Sheren MU business in Buyungon Village, Amurang District, South Minahasa Regency was IDR3,061,683 per week, in a month of IDR12,246,732, and in a period of 1 year it was IDR146,960,784.

Persepsi Generasi Muda Terhadap Pekerjaan Sebagai Petani Di Desa Sion Kecamatan Tompaso Baru Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan

The aim of this research is to find out and describe the perceptions of the younger generation towards work as farmers in Sion Village, Tompaso Baru District, South Minahasa Regency. The research took place from June to August 2023. The data collected is primary data obtained by direct interviews with youth in Sion Village using a questionnaire. Secondary data was taken from village and sub-district offices as well as research reports, journals and from the internet related to this research. The sample was chosen deliberately (purposive sampling) to represent the entire younger generation, totaling 30 respondents, namely young people aged 17 to 30 years (who are not yet married). The results of the research show that the young generation in Sion Village has a good perception of work as farmers with parental support for the young generation to continue the family farming business, supported by the government which also supports the young generation to farm, although the young generation is aware that land ownership influences younger generation to farm, the risk of failure in farming is less, but the perception of work as farmers in Sion Village for the younger generation is quite good.

Vaccine hesitancy amongst the tribal population of India: a comparative scenario between COVID-19 vaccination and routine immunization

Vaccine hesitancy plays a crucial role in slowing down the efforts towards achieving an immunized and healthy society, particularly, children and women. VH is very conspicuous among the economically marginalized tribal and indigenous population. Previous research papers have not presented a comparative scenario between VH for RI and COVID-19 and have not discussed in detail different reasons behind VH from the gender perspective among tribal population. The key research question for this systematic review is whether the vaccine hesitancy for routine child vaccination among the tribal population will reduce or escalate or show no change after COVID-19 vaccination drive. This paper using Google Scholar database identified the research paper and reports, published between 2013 and 2023, and synthesized the factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy among the tribal population. While hesitancy due to reasons such as the safety and trust concerns, related to vaccines and the government; strong dependency on natural remedies; decision making dominated by social and cultural norms prevailing since ages; emerged as the key resistant in case of routine immunization among the tribal population, these were observed to be similar, to a large extent, in case of COVID-19, as well, in spite of two different age groups being the target of the vaccination drive. The paper identified key enablers and barriers of vaccine acceptance, which will be insightful for policy makers, healthcare agencies and professionals working to eliminate VH among tribal and indigenous population.

Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani Padi Sawah Di Desa Mongkoinit Kecamatan Lolak Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow

This study aims to calculate and analyze the income of paddy rice farming in Mongkoinit Village, Lolak District, Bolaang Mongondow Regency. The research was carried out for 3 months, from May 2023 to July 2023 starting from preparation to preparation of a research report The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained in the research field, namely from interviews with paddy rice farmers, while secondary data were obtained from agencies related to the research.The sample used is purposive sampling (intentionally). Farmers who were sampled were 10 respondents Based on the results of the study, it was shown that the average income of paddy rice farming obtained by farmers in Mongkoinit Village was Rp. 207,500,000 with an average income per hectare of Rp. 20,750,000 The average cost of paddy rice farming costs IDR 115,111,750. With an average cost per farmer of Rp. 11,511,750. Thus, the average rice farming income earned by farmers in 1 planting season in Mongkoinit Village is Rp. 92,388,250 with an average farmer income of Rp. 9,238,825 R/C Ratio, which is 1.80 which is greaterthan 1, indicating that this lowland rice farming is profitable and feasible to cultivate.

Efficacy andsafety ofpercutaneous balloon compression forbilateral trigeminal neuralgia: a retrospective study.

Percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) of the Gasserian ganglion is steadily gaining traction within the trigeminal neuralgia (TN) community. Bilateral trigeminal neuralgia (BTN) is a rare condition, and its treatment remains challenging. As far as we know, there are currently no research reports on the treatment outcomes of PBC for BTN.The purpose of this study is to meticulously evaluate the efficacy and safety of PBC for BTN in our medical institution. In this retrospective study, we collected and analyzed the medical records of all patients with BTN who underwent the PBC procedure at the Department of Neurosurgery at Hebei General Hospital from July 2017 to July 2023. After undergoing PBC therapy, all patients were promptly assessed for treatment efficacy based on the modified Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) pain intensity grading scale. All 37 patients with BTN experienced significant pain relief (BNI I-IIIb) immediately following unilateral PBC treatment. Among these patients, 25 reported relief from pain on the non-operative side, which was effectively managed with medication. Out of the 12 patients who did not experience improvement in contralateral symptoms, 11 received contralateral PBC. Out of the 48 treated sides, 47 sides (97.9%) achieved excellent pain control following a single PBC procedure. The follow-up times ranged from 2 to 62months. At the 1-year follow-up, 94.6% of the patients maintained excellent therapeutic outcomes.Three recurrent patients underwent repeated unilateral PBC, and all of them maintained excellent pain control postoperatively. At the last follow-up, satisfaction was at 91.7% (measured using the Likert scale), with no severe complications occurring. The results indicate that PBC is an effective and relatively safe method for treating BTN, offering a valuable option for pain control in these rare cases of TN.

Pacific Island Countries Supporting Papua to Separate from Indonesia: Where Does the U.S. Stand?

Pacific Island Countries, such as Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands, and Tuvalu, have been supporting the separatist movement in Papua, Indonesia. There have been suspicions that great power countries, for example the U.S., are behind them. The research finds out that the U.S. is against the idea of separating Papua from Indonesia because the entailed instability and insecurity will badly affect its mining business in Papua, represented by Freeport. However, by using foreign policy and proxy war framework, this research manages to explain that there is a possibility of a proxy war between the U.S. and China for dominance in the Pacific Islands Region. They ram Indonesia against Pacific Island Countries, with the separatism issue of Papua as the focal point. This research uses a qualitative method, which is suitable for analyzing social and political phenomena. The research data is obtained from secondary data, such as research reports, articles, and publications about the separatism movement in Papua

Impact of Hindenburg Research Report on Stock Price of LIC India: An Event Study Approach

Impact of Hindenburg Research Report on Stock Price of LIC India: An Event Study Approach

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL GEL CONTAINING DIMOCARPUS LONGAN LOUR SEEDS EXTRACT FOR TREATMENT OF SKIN ACNE

The present research work focuses on skin acne with the aim of developing an effective and safe herbal gel using Dimocarpus longan Lour. The ethanol extract of Dimocarpus longanLour was incorporated into an optimized Carbopol gel base. Physical characterization and phytochemical testing of the extract have been carried out. Antimicrobial studies showed no detectable microbial contamination and demonstrated good areas of inhibition. Overall, this research report concludes that herbal gel formulation can provide effective and safe formulations leading to patient tolerance and treatment compliance.