Research Reports Research Articles

Science Mapping of Meta-Analysis in Agricultural Science

As a powerful statistical method, meta-analysis has been applied increasingly in agricultural science with remarkable progress. However, meta-analysis research reports in the agricultural discipline still need to be systematically combed. Scientometrics is often used to quantitatively analyze research on certain themes. In this study, the literature from a 30-year period (1992–2021) was retrieved based on the Web of Science database, and a quantitative analysis was performed using the VOSviewer and CiteSpace visual analysis software packages. The objective of this study was to investigate the current application of meta-analysis in agricultural sciences, the latest research hotspots, and trends, and to identify influential authors, research institutions, countries, articles, and journal sources. Over the past 30 years, the volume of the meta-analysis literature in agriculture has increased rapidly. We identified the top three authors (Sauvant D, Kebreab E, and Huhtanen P), the top three contributing organizations (Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Institute for Agricultural Research, and Northwest A&F University), and top three productive countries (the USA, China, and France). Keyword cluster analysis shows that the meta-analysis research in agricultural sciences falls into four categories: climate change, crop yield, soil, and animal husbandry. Jeffrey (2011) is the most influential and cited research paper, with the highest utilization rate for the Journal of Dairy Science. This paper objectively evaluates the development of meta-analysis in the agricultural sciences using bibliometrics analysis, grasps the development frontier of agricultural research, and provides insights into the future of related research in the agricultural sciences.

Trends in agroforestry research over 4 decades

Agroforestry has a high potential to contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation as a nature-based climate solution and is increasingly included as a climate strategy in international agreements and national plans. Yet, how to equitably increase and sustain agroforestry on the scale needed to meet these targets remains unclear. Examining broad trends in the existing 4 decades of agroforestry literature can highlight gaps and opportunities for future research that enables agroforestry transitions. Using text analytics and a full-text, corpus-based approach, we analyzed changes in word use in 9,664 agroforestry research articles and reports published between 1980 and 2020 with regard to 4 key themes of the social dimensions of agroforestry transitions: (1) agreements and policies; (2) scales and decision-making agents; (3) knowledge, culture, and equity; and (4) frameworks and methods. We then compared the frequency of these themes in research articles and reports. Despite the most frequently used terms across all 4 decades being primarily ecological (e.g., forest, species, soil), the lexicon of agroforestry literature has expanded to incorporate more social, economic, and political elements (e.g., livelihood, knowledge, community) over time, and as agroforestry has become more central to climate change adaptation and mitigation targets. Trends in the frequency of several terms (e.g., biodiversity, development, climate) corresponded with the signing of intergovernmental agreements, illustrating the responsiveness of the field to global priorities. Reports had a higher frequency of terms related to social themes than research articles. We discuss the implications of these emergent trends and opportunities for future research in support of sustainable and just agroforestry transitions.

The impact of multidisciplinary program requirements on student attitudes toward sustainability and education for sustainability

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the role of multidisciplinary course requirements in shaping student attitudes toward sustainability and education for sustainable development. Previous research indicates that students conceptualize sustainability based on their academic discipline; thus, this research investigates whether there is a difference in student attitudes toward sustainability at Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, where students are encouraged to cross the borders of their academic disciplines.Design/methodology/approachThis research reports on the findings from a mixed-methods study to assess the impact of program requirements on student attitudes toward sustainability and education for sustainable development at Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland. In phase one, an anonymous survey was administered to students regarding their perceptions and attitudes toward sustainability and education for sustainable development. The survey yielded 100 usable responses. Phase 2 consisted of a series of 10 semi-structured expert interviews with key faculty and staff at Grenfell Campus and a representative from the City of Corner Brook, which gave further insights regarding sustainability programming and campus culture.FindingsContrary to previous research, the results of this research indicate that the School of Study does not have a statistically significant impact on student attitudes toward sustainability. This may be attributed to Grenfell Campus’s Breadth of Knowledge requirement within the School of Arts and Social Science and the School of Science and the Environment, which requires that students take elective courses from a broad range of subject matter to develop their holistic awareness of social, cultural, scientific and political issues.Practical implicationsThe results of this research indicate that students who are exposed to broad multidisciplinary requirements may be more likely to have positive attitudes toward sustainability than students who focus on a single discipline.Originality/valueA limited number of studies investigate the impact of core program requirements on student attitudes toward sustainability. This paper promotes an effective way of raising sustainability-literate young people/citizens in a Canadian higher education context.

Multilingualism, multicultural experience, cognition, and creativity.

The once widely held notion that bilingualism is related to enhanced cognitive functions has recently been challenged, in particular among young adults, as opposed to children and older adults. This strand of research, however, is essentially focused on executive functions (e.g., attention, inhibition, and shifting). But there is another side to the bilingualism-cognition story. Indeed, growing evidence has shown that bilingualism, and by extension multilingualism, are associated with enhanced creativity. However, this relation is arguably quite complex, for several reasons. First, creativity is a fuzzy notion; it is usually conceptualized as a mix of cognitive, personality and motivational factors. Second, multilingual people generally have a richer multicultural experience than monolingual people. In addition, multicultural experience itself is also positively related to creativity. Hence, there are manifold relations between cognition, creativity, multilingualism, and multicultural experience. In this brief research report, using a latent variables model which replicates some of our recent findings, we show that both multilingualism and multicultural experience are positively associated with creativity, even when controlling for cognitive abilities (divergent thinking and intelligence). We discuss these results in a perspective that considers methodological challenges and factors that are relevant to goal-directed behavior.

Heatwaves and cardiovascular emergencies in our city, in Italy: pre-Covid-19, Covid-19 and post-Covid-19 characteristics and associated risk during heat days

Abstract Background Recent research reports both direct and indirect impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on cardiovascular (CV) health. Existing case-studies mostly focus on the immediate effects, leaving the long-term consequences of the pandemic in this field as yet unrecognised. Purpose The aim of this study was to analyse the changes in CV emergencies’ characteristics during COVID-19 (C, 2020-21) and post-COVID-19 (post-C, 2022) periods in reference to pre-COVID-19 (pre-C, 2017-19) and to provide the associated relative risk (RR) during heat days (i.e., with apparent temperature > 95th percentile of the annual distribution) compared to non-heat days. Methods Ambulance dispatches for CV problems in our city, Italy during May-September in pre-C, C, and post-C were considered. Their characteristics, i.e., mean daily quantity, patients’ age and gender distribution and emergency severity (i.e., fatal, requiring transportation to a hospital, non severe) distribution were compared using Student’s t-test and Fisher’s exact test. For each period, the RR of CV emergencies during heat days in reference to non-heat days was calculated, dividing the number of emergencies in heat days by their number in randomly selected subset of non-heat days, accounting for vacation period. Results In total, 64,881 CV emergencies were reported. In both C and post-C, compared to pre-C, a significant reduction of around 3% in events in women, and of almost 5% in events that required transportation to a hospital, was observed (Table 1). In pre-C, the average daily number of emergencies was 72.8, reduced to 66.5 in C, and back to the pre-pandemic level (72.7) in post-C. Also, the age of patients in post-C was reduced. Interestingly, stratifying by the severity of the emergencies, significant increase in the age for fatal emergencies in both C and post-C was found, together with an age decrease for events resulting in hospital admission. The RR of having a CV emergency in heat days was similar in pre-C, C, and post-C periods (1.11 (95% CI: [1.06; 1.15]), 0.98 ([0.94; 1.03]), and 1.07 ([1.01; 1.14], respectively), with the RR being the highest for fatal emergencies, lower for non severe ones and the lowest for those requiring transportation to a hospital (Figure 1). Conclusions The risk of having a CV emergency is higher in heat days than in non-heat days, in particular for fatal emergencies. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on CV emergencies, including a temporary decrease in demand for the emergency medical service, also in extreme weather, and a long-term decrease in the mean age of the patients and in the fraction of emergencies requiring transportation to a hospital. Monitoring the trends in upcoming years will be crucial to fully comprehend the impact of the pandemic on CV emergency service demand, as well as of heatwaves.Table 1Figure 1

Disgraceful return: Gulf migration and shifting national narratives amid COVID-19

ABSTRACTSeveral Asian countries that encourage international migration of labour call their emigrants ‘national heroes and heroines’ because of their contributions to foreign currency reserves and subsequent national development. However, the massive involuntary return amid the COVID-19 pandemic and the health risk associated with returning from virus-affected regions, such as the Gulf states, call the development narratives of migrants and migrant remittances into question. This study examines the experiences of Gulf return migrants in Bangladesh, focusing on their arrivals at the airport, their travels home, their receptions at the origin communities, their financial hardship upon return and the shifting development narratives in the origin country. The paper draws on primary data, collected through interviews of Gulf returnees in Bangladesh between 2020 and 2021. This study finds that the image of migrants as ‘national heroes’ is not only challenged during the pandemic but replaced almost overnight by a new one, such as ‘COVID-19 super-spreaders’. This research reports that migrants confront with unpleasant circumstances during their return migration process that render their return to their country of origin disgraceful. The paper stresses developing policy measures to protect involuntary returnees from victimisation and disgraceful circumstances.

Dengue virus infection induces selective expansion of Vγ4 and Vγ6TCR γδ T cells in the small intestine and a cytokine storm driving vascular leakage in mice.

Dengue is a major health problem in tropical and subtropical regions. Some patients develop a severe form of dengue, called dengue hemorrhagic fever, which can be fatal. Severe dengue is associated with a transient increase in vascular permeability. A cytokine storm is thought to be the cause of the vascular leakage. Although there are various research reports on the pathogenic mechanism, the complete pathological process remains poorly understood. We previously reported that dengue virus (DENV) type 3 P12/08 strain caused a lethal systemic infection and severe vascular leakage in interferon (IFN)-α/β and γ receptor knockout mice (IFN-α/β/γRKO mice), and that blockade of TNF-α signaling protected mice. Here, we performed transcriptome analysis of liver and small intestine samples collected chronologically from P12/08-infected IFN-α/β/γRKO mice in the presence/absence of blockade of TNF-α signaling and evaluated the cytokine and effector-level events. Blockade of TNF-α signaling mainly protected the small intestine but not the liver. Infection induced the selective expansion of IL-17A-producing Vγ4 and Vγ6 T cell receptor (TCR) γδ T cells in the small intestine, and IL-17A, together with TNF-α, played a critical role in the transition to severe disease via the induction of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and particularly the excess production of IL-6. Infection also induced the infiltration of neutrophils, as well as neutrophil collagenase/matrix metalloprotease 8 production. Blockade of IL-17A signaling reduced mortality and suppressed the expression of most of these cytokines, including TNF-α, indicating that IL-17A and TNF-α synergistically enhance cytokine expression. Blockade of IL-17A prevented nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in stroma-like cells and epithelial cells in the small intestine but only partially prevented recruitment of immune cells to the small intestine. This study provides an overall picture of the pathogenesis of infection in individual mice at the cytokine and effector levels.

Inflammasome pathway in kidney transplantation.

Kidney transplantation is the best available renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage kidney disease and is associated with better quality of life and patient survival compared with dialysis. However, despite the significant technical and pharmaceutical advances in this field, kidney transplant recipients are still characterized by reduced long-term graft survival. In fact, almost half of the patients lose their allograft after 15-20 years. Most of the conditions leading to graft loss are triggered by the activation of a large immune-inflammatory machinery. In this context, several inflammatory markers have been identified, and the deregulation of the inflammasome (NLRP3, NLRP1, NLRC4, AIM2), a multiprotein complex activated by either whole pathogens (including fungi, bacteria, and viruses) or host-derived molecules, seems to play a pivotal pathogenetic role. However, the biological mechanisms leading to inflammasome activation in patients developing post-transplant complications (including, ischemia-reperfusion injury, rejections, infections) are still largely unrecognized, and only a few research reports, reviewed in this manuscript, have addressed the association between abnormal activation of this pathway and the onset/development of major clinical effects. Finally, the regulation of the inflammasome machinery could represent in future a valuable therapeutic target in kidney transplantation.

Analisis Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematika Siswa Kelas XI MAS Al-Falah Klender Pada Materi Trigonometri

This study aims to analyze the understanding concepts of student to solve mathematical question in the trigonometry. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approache with the type of descriptive research. The population in this study were XI MIPA 1 MAS Al-Falah Klender Jakarta Timur in the 2023/2024 school year. The sample in this study was 20% off all state Madrasah Aliyah in Klender sub-district in Jakarta Timur which were selected by non-probability sampling technique with a type of purposive sampling. Data collection techniques used in this study by giving a test, the stages in this study are the stages of preparation, implementation, data analysis, preparation of research reports. The result of the research conducted at the Jakarta Timur Madrasah Aliyah can be concluded that the ability of class XI MIPA 1 MAS Al-Falah students to solve mathematical questions in the form trigonometry research 70,97%. That means the ability of students can be categorized as good.

Recent German Research on Good and Bad Deaths in Medieval Narrative Sources

Abstract This research report presents recent German scholarship on good and bad deaths in medieval narrative sources to an English-speaking audience. Current publications are thus concisely illustrated in their design and with their results.

The use of finite element models for backface deformation and body armour design: a systematic review

While injuries sustained from body armour backface deformation (BFD) have not been well-documented in military injury trauma registries, data from US law enforcement officers, animal tests and currently available data pertaining to military combatants has shown that BFD can not only cause minor injuries, but also result in serious trauma. However, the nature and severity of injuries sustained depends on a multitude of factors including the projectile type, the impact location and velocity, and the specific type of body armour worn. The difficulties involved in current measurement techniques for ballistic testing has led researchers to seek alternative techniques to evaluate the level of protection from body armour, such as the finite element (FE) method. In the current study, a systematic review of the open literature was undertaken using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology. The aim was to summarise the literature pertaining to the development and application of FE models to investigate body armour BFD and behind armour blunt trauma (BABT), and included FE models representing the projectile, clay-based mediums, ballistic gelatine and the human torso. Using the keywords ‘behind armour*’, ‘ballistic blunt trauma’, ‘BABT’, ‘backface signature’, ‘backface deformation’, ‘BFS’, ‘BFD’, ‘wound ballistic’, ‘ballistic impact testing’, ‘body armour’, ‘bullet proof vest’, ‘ballistic vest’, ‘Finite Element*’ and ‘FE’, an electronic database search of EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Scopus, Standards, Web of Science and PubMed was conducted, and included peer-reviewed journal articles, review papers, research reports, conference papers, and MSc or PhD theses. While this research demonstrates the potential of FE analysis for recreating realistic blunt impact scenarios and enhancing the current understanding of BABT mechanisms, a common limitation in most studies is the lack of validation. Thus, in order to address this issue, it is proposed that injury predictions from FE models be correlated with trauma data from soldiers who have sustained BABT. Consequently, pressure and energy distributions within the organs can be used to interpret the effects of non-penetrating ballistic impacts on the human torso. Bridging the gap between simulation and real-world data is essential in order to validate FE models and enhance their utility in optimising body armour design and employing injury mitigation strategies.

Abstract 15394: Caregivers’ Growing Contributions to Heart Failure Self-Care: An Updated Systematic Review

Introduction: In 2015, a seminal systematic review captured the body of literature surrounding the contributions of family caregivers to heart failure (HF) self-care. Since then, the body of HF caregiving research has expanded, necessitating an updated systematic review to inform research, practice, and policy. Goals: To provide an updated systematic review of the empiric literature on informal, unpaid caregivers contributions to HF patients’ self-care. Research Questions: 1) What specific activities do caregivers of people with HF take part in related to HF self-care?; 2) Have these caregiving activities changed over time?; 3) What are the gaps in the science? Methods: The review followed PRISMA guidelines; the protocol was pre-registered in PROSPERO. Comprehensive database search strategies were developed (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL). The team independently screened and abstracted data; quality was assessed using CASP checklists. Meta-synthesis techniques using critical realist approaches were used to interpret activities, then relationships were analyzed. During data synthesis, activities were benchmarked against the Theory of Self-care in Chronic Illness (TSCI). Results: In total, 2154 research reports were identified, 64 of which were eligible for inclusion (2013-2022). Caregiver contributions to HF self-care activities occurred in TCSI domains of self-care maintenance (91%), monitoring (54%), and management (46%). Activities performed directly on or to the patient were reported more frequently than those performed for the patient. Frequently reported activities like transportation and activity of daily living are not included by the TCSI. Gaps due to ambiguous activity descriptions, inadequate caregiving time quantification, and underrepresented monitoring, supportive, and communication activities were elucidated. Conclusions: Findings support updating the TSCI to include activities antecedent to HF self-care. Identified gaps highlight the need to define specific caregiving activities, determine caregiver task difficulty and burden, and identify caregiver self-care strategy and education needs. The critical need to expose the hidden work of caregiving is essential to inform policy and practice.

Vaccination for the prevention of equine herpesvirus-1 disease in domesticated horses: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Equine herpes virus type 1 (EHV-1) infection in horses is associated with respiratory and neurologic disease, abortion, and neonatal death. Vaccines decrease the occurrence of clinical disease in EHV-1-infected horses. A systematic review was performed searching multiple databases to identify relevant studies. Selection criteria were original peer-reviewed research reports that investigated the in vivo use of vaccines for the prevention of disease caused by EHV-1 in domesticated horses. Main outcomes of interest included pyrexia, abortion, neurologic disease, viremia, and nasal shedding. We evaluated risk of bias, conducted exploratory meta-analyses of incidence data for the main outcomes, and performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for each vaccine subtype. A total of 1018 unique studies were identified, of which 35 met the inclusion criteria. Experimental studies accounted for 31/35 studies, with the remainder being observational studies. Eight vaccine subclasses were identified including commercial (modified-live, inactivated, mixed) and experimental (modified-live, inactivated, deletion mutant, DNA, recombinant). Risk of bias was generally moderate, often because of underreporting of research methods, and sample sizes were small leading to imprecision in the estimate of the effect size. Several studies reported either no benefit or minimal vaccine efficacy for the primary outcomes of interest. Meta-analyses revealed significant heterogeneity was present, and our confidence in the quality of evidence for most outcomes was low to moderate. Our review indicates that commercial and experimental vaccines minimally reduce the incidence of clinical disease associated with EHV-1 infection.

Exploring Sources of Resilience in Adversity: A Despcriptive Research Report among a Group of Vietnamese

Exploring Sources of Resilience in Adversity: A Despcriptive Research Report among a Group of Vietnamese

Delving Into Writing Anxiety of Rural College EFL Learners: A Quantitative Study

Anxiety in foreign language writing burdens EFL learners before, during, and after producing scientific written texts. This current research aimed to explore the types, levels, and causes of anxiety toward writing research reports and the final thesis of rural college EFL learners and the emerging causes of their writing apprehension. 103 EFL learners in two rural colleges in Indonesia participated in the quantitative study by employing the Second Language Writing Inventory (SLWAI) and the Causes of Writing Anxiety Inventory (CWAI). The results reveal that cognitive anxiety was the highest type and level of rural college EFL learners' writing apprehension. Independent t-test shows that female EFL learners dominate male learners regarding writing anxiety. Furthermore, junior learners were more anxious than seniors. The learners with writing training had lower anxiety than those without writing experiences. Moreover, the learners taking the Research Method course were anxious about writing a research report. However, no significant difference was found between each variable. The most dominant emerging factors deal with problems with linguistic matters, fear of lecturers or supervisors' negative feedback, self-regulation in writing, writing evaluation, and inadequate training in writing. In conclusion, current classroom practice in rural colleges needs to be aware of and take academic action towards such circumstances.

Pengorganisasian Media Dakwah

Da'wah media management is very important so that da'wah implementers have high media capabilities. It is necessary to organize da'wah media so that the implementation of da'wah can be carried out professionally. The purpose of this study is to determine the form of organizing da'wah media. Researchers use literature research methods by utilizing literature literature, which consists of books, notes, and previous research reports. The results and discussion show that organizing in da'wah media is to gather group members who are willing to work together in a solid group in regulating the tools or da'wah media used to achieve the desired da'wah goals.

A Study On Consumption Pattern Of Branded Edible Oil Among The Rural Women In Tuticorin District

The main aim of the study is to know the consumption pattern of branded edible oil among rural women.This study is based on both primary and secondary data. Secondary data was collected from research articles, journals, magazines, government surveys and reports (Both Central and State), Planning Commission reports etc. Primary data was collected through well-structured interview schedule from rural women who are used edible oil in Tuticorin district.It is found that 87.6 per cent of the respondents were spent between Rs.201 – Rs.400 per month for purchase of olive edible oil. Majority of the respondents (100%) preferred pet jar pack for olive oil and lowest of the respondents (12.1%) preferred pet jar pack for palm oil.It is identified that 66.9 per cent of the respondentsare influenced by husband to take decision to purchase the rice bran oil. Quality is considered to be an important factor in case of edible oil, because it is more related with health. Nowadays people are very much health conscious on the basis of various observations made in the study, the consumers feel that edible oil is necessary for dayto-day life. Hence the manufacturers of edible oil follow the concept of being hygienic and healthy oil to attract the consumers.

A cross-sectional study of reporting guidelines for clinical studies in Traditional Chinese Medicine

IntroductionReporting guidelines (RGs) provide the minimum information for inclusion to ensure that research reports can be understood by readers, reproduced or otherwise utilized by other researchers, or guide decisions by clinicians. The Reporting Guidelines for Clinical Studies in Traditional Chinese Medicine (RGCS-TCM) were established to guide the development of reporting standardization of clinical studies in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). However, the characteristics and methodological quality of existing RGCS-TCM are yet to be investigated. We therefore performed a cross-sectional study to identify and evaluate the adequacy of RGCS-TCM and propose recommendations to optimize the development standards and future directions for RGCS-TCM. MethodsSeven databases including MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data and VIP Chinese Medical Journal Database, the EQUATOR network website, tracking references to included studies, and Google Scholar were searched up to 20th Oct 2023 for RGCS-TCM. The characteristics of included RGCS-TCM were summarized. The methodological quality of included RGCS-TCM were critically appraised. ResultsThirty published RGCS-TCM and six registered (under development) RGCS-TCM for different types of studies were included. Nine RGCS-TCM did not use a consensus method and lacked a consensus process, and fourteen RGCS-TCM failed to retrieve and use existing relevant evidence and lacked preliminary systematic reviews. Thirteen RGs had a relatively complete research and development process, which met the 3 basic criteria for determining high-quality RGs. Most RGCS-TCM reported the details of 1) rationale of TCM (10/15, 66.7 %), 2) reason for selected certain type of TCM intervention (9/15, 60.0 %), 3) diagnosis of TCM conditions (9/15, 60.0 %), 4) details about the intervention and its controls (13/15, 86.7 %), 5) dynamic changes of Pattern Differentiation and Treatment (2/15, 13.3 %), 6) outcome assessment specifically linked with TCM (8/15, 53.3 %), and 7) potential side effects related to TCM (4/15, 26.7 %). ConclusionThere are opportunities to rationalise and improve the quality of existing RGCS-TCM and reduce research waste. Further research is indicated to investigate the barriers and facilitators for optimizing the development and application of RGCS-TCM.

Barriers and facilitators of implementing the practice programme for upright positions in the second stage of labour: A mixed-method study.

To explore the possible barriers and facilitators to implementing the Upright Positions in the Second Stage of Labour (UPSSL) programme in Chinese healthcare settings. A mixed-method convergent design with the guidance of Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). An online survey study and semi-structured interviews were conducted between March and May 2023. Healthcare professionals were recruited from four hospitals in Shijiazhuang, China. One hundred and thirty-one participants completed the survey study, and 23 of them were interviewed individually. Descriptive statistics evaluated the possible barriers and facilitators of implementing the UPSSL programme within the CFIR framework quantitatively. Guided by the CFIR framework, qualitative data were analysed using directed content analysis to summarize healthcare professionals' perspectives on barriers and facilitators of the UPSSL programme. Multiple intersectional barriers and facilitators were identified from the survey and semi-interviews. Healthcare professionals believed that the UPSSL programme has a scientific evidence base, systematic contents, and possible benefits for women. However, various barriers existed at individual, system, and organizational levels. Major barriers included healthcare professionals and women's safety concerns towards the use of upright positions during childbirth, the healthcare professionals' unfamiliarity with assisting an upright position birth, poor adaptability of the programme protocol, inadequate facilities and staffing, and a lack of readiness to change in the clinical setting. To facilitate the implementation of the UPSSL programme in China, tailored antenatal education on upright positions, especially addressing safety-related issues, should be provided to pregnant women, their families, or peers to enhance their understanding of and familiarity with such positions. Healthcare professionals should also be offered adequate training opportunities and necessary facilities. Furthermore, national-level policy changes might be required to address midwifery workforce shortages. Additionally, further research is warranted to select, adapt, and test effective implementation strategies for programme adoption. What problem did the study address? The adoption of upright positions during the second stage of labour could promote better maternal and neonatal outcomes and a positive childbirth experience. However, the adoption of upright positions during the second stage of labour is suboptimal in healthcare settings in China. Barriers and facilitators of implementing upright positions during childbirth are unclear. What were the main findings? A range of barriers and facilitators within the CFIR framework to promote upright positions during childbirth from healthcare professionals' perspectives were identified, and the major barriers included safety concerns towards and unfamiliarity with an upright position birth, inadequate facilities and staffing, and a lack of readiness to change in the clinical setting. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? This study will enable a better understanding of the barriers and facilitators to promoting upright positions in the second stage of labour in China. The smooth and effective implementation of the UPSSL programme could help to promote better maternal and neonatal outcomes and improve women's childbirth experiences. The reporting of this study followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) and Good Reporting of A Mixed Methods Study (GRAMMS) guidelines. In this study, healthcare professionals were involved in refining the topic guides and survey questions. Additionally, findings from the interviews were returned to them for comments and corrections.

Errors, Omissions, and Offenses in the Health Record of Mental Health Care Patients: Results from a Nationwide Survey in Sweden.

Previous research reports that patients with mental health conditions experience benefits, for example, increased empowerment and validation, from reading their patient-accessible electronic health records (PAEHRs). In mental health care (MHC), PAEHRs remain controversial, as health care professionals are concerned that patients may feel worried or offended by the content of the notes. Moreover, existing research has focused on specific mental health diagnoses, excluding the larger PAEHR userbase with experience in MHC. The objective of this study is to establish if and how the experiences of patients with and those without MHC differ in using their PAEHRs by (1) comparing patient characteristics and differences in using the national patient portal between the 2 groups and (2) establishing group differences in the prevalence of negative experiences, for example, rates of errors, omissions, and offenses between the 2 groups. Our analysis was performed on data from an online patient survey distributed through the Swedish national patient portal as part of our international research project, NORDeHEALTH. The respondents were patient users of the national patient portal 1177, aged 15 years or older, and categorized either as those with MHC experience or with any other health care experience (nonmental health care [non-MHC]). Patient characteristics such as gender, age, education, employment, and health status were gathered. Portal use characteristics included frequency of access, encouragement to read the record, and instances of positive and negative experiences. Negative experiences were further explored through rates of error, omission, and offense. The data were summarized through descriptive statistics. Group differences were analyzed through Pearson chi-square. Of the total sample (N=12,334), MHC respondents (n=3131) experienced errors (1586/3131, 50.65%, and non-MHC 3311/9203, 35.98%), omissions (1089/3131, 34.78%, and non-MHC 2427/9203, 26.37%) and offenses (1183/3131, 37.78%, and non-MHC 1616/9203, 17.56%) in the electronic health record at a higher rate than non-MHC respondents (n=9203). Respondents reported that the identified error (MHC 795/3131, 50.13%, and non-MHC 1366/9203, 41.26%) and omission (MHC 622/3131, 57.12%, and non-MHC 1329/9203, 54.76%) were "very important," but most did nothing to correct them (MHC 792/3131, 41.29%, and non-MHC 1838/9203, 42.17%). Most of the respondents identified as women in both groups. About 1 in 2 MHC patients identified an error in the record, and about 1 in 3 identified an omission, both at a much higher rate than in the non-MHC group. Patients with MHC also felt offended by the content of the notes more commonly (1 in 3 vs 1 in 6). These findings validate some of the worries expressed by health care professionals about providing patients with MHC with PAEHRs and highlight challenges with the documentation quality in the records.