Implementation Of Research Programs Research Articles

Development and simulation of the Institute of ionosphere measuring complex energy consumption

The work is devoted to solving an urgent problem - the development of a computer model of the energy consumption system of the Institute of the ionosphere of the National Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine in order to solve the problem of increasing the energy efficiency of the measuring complex. The power supply system of the complex is described, a generalized structural diagram of the loads - powerful consumers of electricity is presented. The graphs characterizing the energy consumption of individual powerful loads are presented, the problem of compensating the reactive power of loads is shown. The adequacy of the developed model is confirmed by the coincidence of the shape and values of the experimentally obtained characteristics on loads with the characteristics of the model. The model adequacy was assessed by the variance of feedback deviations from the system mean. The results obtained confirmed the possibility of using the developed Matlab-model of the energy consumption system of the measuring complex for creating and testing on the model of an energy-efficient power supply system, which will ensure the stable operation of scientific equipment for the implementation of research programs of the NAS of Ukraine.

Self Potential untuk Pendugaan Reservoir Sistem Panas Bumi Blawan

Self-Potential methods that have advantages in providing more extensive and integrated information to better ensure that geothermal areas have potential geothermal resources. This study discusses the geothermal system in the Ijen volcano area based on the value of resistivity and potential different from the subsurface structure. The stages in the implementation of research programs are (1) literature study, carried out to obtain accurate and up-to-date information, (2) data retrieval, carried out to obtain primary and secondary data, (3) data search, data processing, and data interpretation, carried out using Res2div and Surfer software to obtain subsurface structure mapping (4), evaluation, was carried out as a monitoring of geothermal resource potential mapping research. The modeling results were obtained from the subsurface layer in Blawan geothermal manifestation consisting of 3 zones with upper resistivity zones (> 10 ohm to 50 ohm meters), reservoir zones (> 50 ohm meters to 100 ohm meters) and heat source zones (> 100 ohm meters, based on the isopotential contour map, that the Blawan region is a destructive zone.

EXPLORING TEACHERS’ RESEARCH COMPETENCY: INPUTS TO POLICY ENHANCEMENT

Using a convenience sample of 120 elementary, high school and senior high school classroom teachers in a City Schools Division, province of Bulacan, Philippines, the respondents were asked to complete a survey on general research skills and quantitative and qualitative research skills. The study explored the current status of teachers’ research competence. The results and findings of this study will serve as bases for policy enhancement. The policies anchored on concrete and evidence-based viewpoints contribute to successfully developing a culture of research among basic education teachers. As findings of the study reveal the current status of teacher-respondents regarding their research skills, overall numerical rating pegged to be “fair” when interpreted; it reflects a much serious state about their plight. The prerequisite to the successful implementation of research programs for teachers is on the basic assumption that teachers possess the necessary skills to do the task. Also, this is then being enhanced by revisiting teachers’ workload. Moreover, the presence of funding programs for teachers’ research projects exhibits a positive development in strengthening support for teachers’ professional development.

Analysis of the quality of seasonal malaria chemoprevention provided by community health Workers in Boulsa health district, Burkina Faso

BackgroundSince 2014, the Burkina Faso government has made Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) a priority in its strategic plan to fight against malaria among children aged from 3 to 59 months. Very few studies have examined the care provided by community health workers in the framework of this strategy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of quality of care provided by the latter.MethodsThis was a mixed study. The quantitative component consisted of a non-participant observation of community health workers during the administration of care. The qualitative component consisted of one-on-one interviews with community health workers, child caregivers and head nurses. Five dimensions (organizational accessibility, interpersonal relationship, technical competence, safety of care and satisfaction of child caregivers) adapted from the Donabedian quality of care model were used to assess the quality level of care. The Corlien et al. Health Systems Research Program Implementation Scale was used to establish quality scores for each of the five dimensions. The study sites were the health centers located in the administrative centers of the 4 communes of the health district of Boulsa. The data were collected during the first cycle of the 2017 SMC campaign.ResultsA total of 14 active pairs (28 CHWs) were observed and 40 in-depth interviews with community health workers, Head nurses in duty and community leaders were conducted. The results show that community health workers worked in pairs. They had all received SMC training and possessed equipment to do their job. The dimensions of organizational accessibility and satisfaction of the caregivers were rated as good. The dimensions of interpersonal relationship and technical competence were judged to be of an acceptable score. Safety of care was judged to be of a low-level score. The overall quality of care was considered acceptable.ConclusionThe results of this study have shown that despite the difficulties faced by community health workers, they manage to deliver acceptable quality of care. Their use would be an asset for SMC in particular and for the health system in general.

Outcome and Impact Based Evaluation of Research Program Implementation: A Case of Indonesian Public Research Institute

<p>This paper relates to outcome and impact based evaluation (OIBE) of a research program implementation at an Indonesian public research institute (PRI) ‘A’. The major funding for PRIs in Indonesia comes from government. It is very essential therefore, for variuos parties including policy makers to be informed about meaningful and relevant evaluation of the outcome and impact of such PRIto the welfare of the people, to technology development and innovation, and to the policy improvements in significant ways. The mixed-method with good blend of qualitative and quantitative analysis is used in the case study of a competitive research program (CRP) of PRI ‘A’. The case study demonstrates that the outcomes and impacts of CRP are found in the form of economic, social, and environment improvements in the communities; managerial change and innovation of technology and process for SMEs as well as improved existing policies; and increased capabilities of researchers at PRI. Recommendations of this study is that PRI’A’ should improve their research management and policy, strengthen collaboration with firms, including more human resources mobility is required to facilitate research collaborations and co-production process, and to have clear guidelines and targets of outcomes and impacts for their research results.</p>Keywords: outcome, impact, Public Research Institute, evaluation, Indonesia

Evaluating the impact of a resident research program in general surgery

Programs of resident research have been found to improve research productivity. However, evidence of the success of these programs is lacking in a Canadian context. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the introduction of a formal program of resident research at a single Canadian academic centre. Resident research activities were tracked over a 10-year period (Resident Research Day (RRD) presentations, abstract presentations, published articles). Activities were divided into pre (2002-2007) and post (2007-2012) resident research program implementation time frames. Differences in research productivity were compared between time frames. Surveys of resident attitudes towards research were administered prior to the program's implementation in 2007, and following introduction of the resident research program in 2009 and 2015. Overall, research productivity (abstracts, publications, and RRD presentations) increased between pre and post resident research program time periods, with a statistically significant increase in mean number of published abstracts. Resident attitudes towards research changed somewhat over time, with fewer residents supporting mandatory research in recent years. Implementation of a resident program of research resulted in a significant increase in research productivity. The setting of clear, modifiable, and achievable goals, as well as providing tools for research success, have contributed to the success of this program.

From science to action: Principles for undertaking environmental research that enables knowledge exchange and evidence-based decision-making

Effective conservation requires knowledge exchange among scientists and decision-makers to enable learning and support evidence-based decision-making. Efforts to improve knowledge exchange have been hindered by a paucity of empirically-grounded guidance to help scientists and practitioners design and implement research programs that actively facilitate knowledge exchange. To address this, we evaluated the Ningaloo Research Program (NRP), which was designed to generate new scientific knowledge to support evidence-based decisions about the management of the Ningaloo Marine Park in north-western Australia. Specifically, we evaluated (1) outcomes of the NRP, including the extent to which new knowledge informed management decisions; (2) the barriers that prevented knowledge exchange among scientists and managers; (3) the key requirements for improving knowledge exchange processes in the future; and (4) the core capacities that are required to support knowledge exchange processes. While the NRP generated expansive and multidisciplinary science outputs directly relevant to the management of the Ningaloo Marine Park, decision-makers are largely unaware of this knowledge and little has been integrated into decision-making processes. A range of barriers prevented efficient and effective knowledge exchange among scientists and decision-makers including cultural differences among the groups, institutional barriers within decision-making agencies, scientific outputs that were not translated for decision-makers and poor alignment between research design and actual knowledge needs. We identify a set of principles to be implemented routinely as part of any applied research program, including; (i) stakeholder mapping prior to the commencement of research programs to identify all stakeholders, (ii) research questions to be co-developed with stakeholders, (iii) implementation of participatory research approaches, (iv) use of a knowledge broker, and (v) tailored knowledge management systems. Finally, we articulate the individual, institutional and financial capacities that must be developed to underpin successful knowledge exchange strategies.

Identifying Factors to Improve Transportation Asset Management Program Sustainment: Applying Implementation Research and Change Management Principles

Reauthorization of the national surface transportation legislation in the United States in 2012 included a requirement for agencies to develop transportation asset management (TAM) plans for the first time. Research on policy implementation and organizational theory has shown that agencies can respond to this kind of legislative mandate with ineffective efforts to achieve legitimacy, reducing the likelihood for program sustainment in the long term. Without sustainment, the benefits of TAM, which are mostly long term, may not be fully realized. The objective of this work is to identify factors that can improve the extent to which TAM programs are maintained within the business operations of departments of transportation (DOTs) by examining TAM implementation historically and through the lenses of policy and program implementation research and organizational change management theories. Ten factors were identified that can promote sustainment and longevity of TAM programs in the business processes of DOTs; the factors include characteristics of TAM programs or the availability and quality of human and other resources. Agencies can consider addressing the factors identified to enhance their implementation approaches with the goal of attaining long-term viability of their TAM programs. These factors provide a basis for formally addressing the social and organizational capital elements alongside the physical and technical capital elements of TAM implementation.

Behaviour change strategies for reducing blood pressure-related disease burden: findings from a global implementation research programme.

BackgroundThe Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases comprises the majority of the world’s public research funding agencies. It is focussed on implementation research to tackle the burden of chronic diseases in low- and middle-income countries and amongst vulnerable populations in high-income countries. In its inaugural research call, 15 projects were funded, focussing on lowering blood pressure-related disease burden. In this study, we describe a reflexive mapping exercise to identify the behaviour change strategies undertaken in each of these projects.MethodsUsing the Behaviour Change Wheel framework, each team rated the capability, opportunity and motivation of the various actors who were integral to each project (e.g. community members, non-physician health workers and doctors in projects focussed on service delivery). Teams then mapped the interventions they were implementing and determined the principal policy categories in which those interventions were operating. Guidance was provided on the use of Behaviour Change Wheel to support consistency in responses across teams. Ratings were iteratively discussed and refined at several group meetings.ResultsThere was marked variation in the perceived capabilities, opportunities and motivation of the various actors who were being targeted for behaviour change strategies. Despite this variation, there was a high degree of synergy in interventions functions with most teams utilising complex interventions involving education, training, enablement, environmental restructuring and persuasion oriented strategies. Similar policy categories were also targeted across teams particularly in the areas of guidelines, communication/marketing and service provision with few teams focussing on fiscal measures, regulation and legislation.ConclusionsThe large variation in preparedness to change behaviour amongst the principal actors across these projects suggests that the interventions themselves will be variably taken up, despite the similarity in approaches taken. The findings highlight the importance of contextual factors in driving success and failure of research programmes. Forthcoming outcome and process evaluations from each project will build on this exploratory work and provide a greater understanding of factors that might influence scale-up of intervention strategies.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13012-015-0331-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Implementasi Program Desa Vokasi di Kota Semarang

Village vocational program is a program that is published by the government in efforts to reduce poverty by providing training to the public in accordance with the existing potential region. Village vocational programs in Semarang has been implemented starting in 2009 conducted by the Education Department of Semarang with a number of activities until the year 2013 amounted to 70 activities in 14 villages. Vocational Education Research Program Implementation village in Semarang is motivated still high levels of poverty in the city of Semarang. This study used qualitative research methods. The sample in this research were taken from three villages in Semarang namely in Wonolopo Village, Village Jomblang and Village Plombokan with each village used samples of 2 activities. Analysis of data using evalusai the performance of activities in accordance with the reporting guidelines for preparation of the government accountability. The phenomenon of research in the form of the factors that affect the implementation, achievement of the respective program of activities and constraints experienced in the implementation of the program. Implementation Program of Vocational Village in Semarang, there are two factors that affect the implementation of that factor and the role of inter-organizational coordination and program resources. Village of Vocational Achievement Program in Semarang for 95,525% and according to the statutes assessment program results are at levels very successful. Obstacles in the implementation of the program is the lack of capital to run the program after the training, the difficulty of marketing, lack of commitment from members continue to pioneer training results and error nature uasaha election activities. Advice given is, (1) Should the budget for business capital so it can be improved; (2) The assistance to the group after training; (3) Selected activities should be able to be observed again adapted to the conditions that exist in the community, the environment in the community, and the interests of society.

Global Health Diplomacy Training for Military Medical Researchers

Given the unprecedented growth of global health initiatives in the past decade, informal diplomacy between technical partners plays an increasingly important role in shaping opportunities and outcomes. This article describes a course developed and executed specifically to equip U.S. military health professionals with core skills in practical diplomacy critical to help them successfully plan and implement public health surveillance, research, and capacity building programs with partner nation governments and organizations. We identified core competencies in practical diplomacy for laboratory and public health researchers, catalogued and evaluated existing training programs, and then developed a pilot course in global health diplomacy for military medical researchers. The pilot course was held in June 2012, and focused on analyzing contemporary issues related to global health diplomacy through the framework of actors, drivers, and policies that affect public health research and capacity-building, beginning at the level of global health governance and cooperation and moving progressively to regional (supranational), national, and institutional perspective. This course represents an approach geared toward meeting the needs specific to U.S. military public health personnel and researchers working in international settings.

Integrating and Advancing Policy & Program Implementation Research

This paper provides a systematic review of the state of policy and program implementation research over the last ten years. We take two sampling approaches. First, we identify 1,375 published artic...

Point-of-Care Tests for HIV, Related Coinfections, and Blood-Borne Infections.

Point-of-Care Tests for HIV, Related Coinfections, and Blood-Borne Infections.

A Scientometric Evaluation of the Chagas Disease Implementation Research Programme of the PAHO and TDR

The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) is an independent global programme of scientific collaboration cosponsored by the United Nations Children's Fund, the United Nations Development Program, the World Bank, and the World Health Organization. TDR's strategy is based on stewardship for research on infectious diseases of poverty, empowerment of endemic countries, research on neglected priority needs, and the promotion of scientific collaboration influencing global efforts to combat major tropical diseases. In 2001, in view of the achievements obtained in the reduction of transmission of Chagas disease through the Southern Cone Initiative and the improvement in Chagas disease control activities in some countries of the Andean and the Central American Initiatives, TDR transferred the Chagas Disease Implementation Research Programme (CIRP) to the Communicable Diseases Unit of the Pan American Health Organization (CD/PAHO).This paper presents a scientometric evaluation of the 73 projects from 18 Latin American and European countries that were granted by CIRP/PAHO/TDR between 1997 and 2007. We analyzed all final reports of the funded projects and scientific publications, technical reports, and human resource training activities derived from them. Results about the number of projects funded, countries and institutions involved, gender analysis, number of published papers in indexed scientific journals, main topics funded, patents inscribed, and triatomine species studied are presented and discussed.The results indicate that CIRP/PAHO/TDR initiative has contributed significantly, over the 1997–2007 period, to Chagas disease knowledge as well as to the individual and institutional-building capacity.

Implementation of Research Programs of Partner Institutions in Visayas and Mindanao

The study examines the implementation of research programs of 15 partner institutions in Visayas and Mindanao in Regions 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13. The study revealed that the partner institutions have established quality assurance mechanisms such as accreditation, ISO, and IQUAME. Their quality earned recognition by the Commission on Higher Education through grants of autonomy and deregulation. The implementation of the research programs of the 15 partner institutions is satisfactory, indicating that the mechanisms in place are not yet mature, robust, and sustainable despite management support, well-crafted agenda, and adequate planning. The quality assurance mechanisms in place among the 15 partner institutions are not robust since it merely generated a satisfactory implementation of the research programs. This affirms the prognosis that research is still the weakest link even among the supposedly strong institutions. The strong management, agenda, and planning mechanisms are indicators that these schools have the potential to promote and achieve research excellence. The very satisfactory management and agenda are the distinguishing features that characterize autonomous and deregulated institutions in terms of research program implementation. The best practices in the implementation of the research programs include the following: management support, adequate fulltime personnel, release time for researchers, partnership and linkages, external consultants, locally relevant researches, niching of expertise, advocacy, attractive research compensation and rewards, annual review of the research agenda, research master plan, tracking system for researchers, quality assurance in the undergraduate level, research-based institutional innovations, and investment in faculty development.  Keywords – Research Programs, partner institutions, best practices in research

Chemical and environmental vector control as a contribution to the elimination of visceral leishmaniasis on the Indian subcontinent: cluster randomized controlled trials in Bangladesh, India and Nepal

BackgroundBangladesh, India and Nepal are working towards the elimination of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) by 2015. In 2005 the World Health Organization/Training in Tropical Diseases launched an implementation research programme to support integrated vector management for the elimination of VL from Bangladesh, India and Nepal. The programme is conducted in different phases, from proof-of-concept to scaling up intervention. This study was designed in order to evaluate the efficacy of the three different interventions for VL vector management: indoor residual spraying (IRS); long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LLIN); and environmental modification (EVM) through plastering of walls with lime or mud.MethodsUsing a cluster randomized controlled trial we compared three vector control interventions with a control arm in 96 clusters (hamlets or neighbourhoods) in each of the 4 study sites: Bangladesh (one), India (one) and Nepal (two). In each site four villages with high reported VL incidences were included. In each village six clusters and in each cluster five households were randomly selected for sand fly collection on two consecutive nights. Control and intervention clusters were matched with average pre-intervention vector densities.In each site six clusters were randomly assigned to each of the following interventions: indoor residual spraying (IRS); long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LLIN); environmental management (EVM) or control. All the houses (50-100) in each intervention cluster underwent the intervention measures. A reduction of intra-domestic sand fly densities measured in the study households by overnight US Centres for Disease Prevention and Control light trap captures (that is the number of sand flies per trap per night) was the main outcome measure.ResultsIRS, and to a lesser extent EVM and LLINs, significantly reduced sand fly densities for at least 5 months in the study households irrespective of type of walls or whether or not people shared their house with cattle. IRS was effective in all sites but LLINs were only effective in Bangladesh and India. Mud plastering did not reduce sand fly density (Bangladesh study); lime plastering in India and one Nepali site, resulted in a significant reduction of sand fly density but not in the second Nepali site.ConclusionSand fly control can contribute to the regional VL elimination programme; IRS should be strengthened in India and Nepal but in Bangladesh, where vector control has largely been abandoned during the last decades, the insecticide treatment of existing bed nets (coverage above 90% in VL endemic districts) could bring about an immediate reduction of vector populations; operational research to inform policy makers about the efficacious options for VL vector control and programme performance should be strengthened in the three countries.

INFRA-ESTRUTURA BÁSICA DE SUPORTE PARA O ESTUDO DE ECOSSISTEMAS AQUÁTICOS

Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} The solution of water issues does not only depend on the monitoring predisposition or capacity of the hydrographic basins of a country, but also on management and competency of the involved institutions, socio-political conditions, implementation of a protective legislative body and available funds. In Brazil, in order to effectively and efficiently monitor water ecosystems and create management plans for hydrographical basins, it is necessary to strengthen laws that tend to the recent demands, radically changes the areas of recognition of biota, elaboration of manuals for this purpose, formation of parataxonomists, developments and improvements of scientific publications and data bases as well. These are considered to be extremely important issues for the basic infrastructure in the studies of Brazilian limnological so as to reach the position of other countries that are already working with good methodologies, protocols of assessment and management of hydrographical resources. However, the country has already started to discuss strategies and basic notions to implement research programs. Some steps towards that direction were already taken, such as: better systems of biodiversity, databases and the writing of a first draft for legal issues.

Climate and weather of the Sun–Earth system: CAWSES

SCOSTEP's mission is to implement research programs in solar-terrestrial physics that can benefit from international participation and involve at least two of its participating ICSU bodies. Some past SCOSTEP programs have been comprehensive in nature such that virtually all of SCOSTEP's energy was dedicated to the implementation of one large program. Examples of these were SCOSTEP's STEP program in 1990–1995, the MAP program in 1982–1985, and the IMS in 1976–1979. This document sets forth the case for a major future SCOSTEP program called CAWSES (Climate and Weather of the Sun–Earth System), to be implemented in the period 2004–2008.

ICONE11-36622 PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF THE POWER CONVERSION UNIT WITH DIRECT GAS-TURBINE CYCLE FOR THE HTR-10

After the first phase of the 10MW high temperature gas-cooled test module reactor (HTR-10) with steam-turbine cycle, the preliminary design of the power conversion unit (PCU) with direct gas-turbine cycle for the next phase of HTR-10 project was finished by the Institute of Nuclear Energy Technology (INET) of Tsinghua University and OKBM (Russia). The main characteristics of the preliminary design, including the PCU structure, the thermal circuit and equipment parameters are described detailed in this paper. Implementation of research program for gas-turbine cycle on the HTR-10 reactor will make it possible to gain necessary experience in gas-turbine cycle design for high-temperature gas-cooled reactor and creation of equipment of large commercial nuclear power plant in the future.

Pharma SNP Consortium (PSC). Research on Pharmacokinetics related Genetic Polymorphism among Japanese Population.

The 43 member companies of the Japan Pharmaceutical Manufactures Association (JPMA) established the Pharma SNP Consortium (PSC), a non-profit organization, which will implement research programs over the three years between 2000-2003 with a total budget of 1 billion yen. The objectives of the PSC are to determine where SNPs influencing pharmacokinetics exist and how often they occur in Japanese population. The expression and functional analyses of variants generated under the influence of SNP will also be studied. The following are concrete research themes of the PSC: Standardization to collect samples from human donors; informed consent, protection of privacy (anonymity, information management system, etc.), ethics committee, and procedures (blood sampling, storage, etc.). And the analysis on gene polymorphisms (SNPs) related with pharmacokinetics; to identify SNPs of approximately 180 pharmacokinetics related genes, which are drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters, to analyze the allelic frequency of SNPs on a general Japanese population group composed of about 800 individuals, to generate a database for the analysis of SNPs allelic frequency, and to express variants in insect cells, analyze their function and examine the influence on the drug responses. It is hoped that the PSC's plan will contribute to the development of the healthcare by constructing a common basis for the drug response analysis, create a more effective environment for the research on the human genome by the private sector in Japan by making standards to obtain blood samples, and furthermore facilitate discovery and development of safer and more effective medicines by cooperating with the Millennium Project.