Research Programming Research Articles

Ensure optimum profit using linear programming a product-mix of textile manufacturing companies

An optimum profit is to be guaranteed for a rapidly changing manufacturing situation when the best product mix is produced. The product mix determination problem involves determining the optimal level of different products given a set of capacity limitations. This paper addresses a tool linear programming in operations research for determining the optimal allocation of limited resources in order to maximise profit. Fortunately, having well-formulated model, solution software package Excel Solver helps to determine the best combination of available resources. This paper considers a textile industrial unit in Ethiopia as a case study. In this company, the data gathered was used to estimate the parameters of the linear programming model. The findings of the study show that the profit of the company can be improved by 11.8% (= (66850232.79 ‒ 59793841.91 / 59793841.91)) if linear programming technique is used. This can be considered as a remarkable profit improvement. In addition, actual resource utilization can be significantly improved by adopting linear programming method.

IL-7Rα <sup>low</sup> CD8 <sup>+</sup> T Cells from Healthy Individuals Are Anergic with Defective Glycolysis

Effector memory (EM) CD8+ T cells expressing lower levels of interleukin-7 receptor alpha (IL-7Rαlow) from healthy individuals are partly compromised in vitro, but the identity of these cells has remained unclear. Here, we demonstrate that IL-7Rαlow EM CD8+ T cells are naturally occurring anergic cells in vivo, impaired in proliferation and IL-2 production, but competent in IFN-γ and TNF-α production, a state that can be restored by IL-2 stimulation. IL-7Rαlow EM CD8+ T cells show decreased expression of GATA3 and c-MYC and are defective in metabolic reprogramming towards glycolysis, a process required for the proliferation of T cells. In particular, mouse IL-7Rαlow memory CD8+ T cells show anergic phenotypes similar to those in humans, but induce severe graft-versus-host disease upon allogeneic T-cell transplantation, suggesting that these cells can be restored to normality or increased activity by inflammatory conditions and may serve as a reservoir for functional immunity. Funding Statement: This work was supported in part by the Creative-Pioneering Researchers Program through Seoul National University (to H.-R. Kim); the Korea Healthcare Technology Research and Development Project, Ministry for Health, Welfare, and Family Affairs (HI17C0534 to H.-R. Kim); the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOE) (2017R1A4A1015745 to H.-R. Kim); and the SK Telecom Research Fund (3420130260 to H.-R. Kim). Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: This work was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Seoul National University Hospital (# 0905-014-280) and Samsung Medical Center (# 2015-09-053). Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Seoul National University (IACUC No. SNU-171024-1-3 and SNU-171206-1-1). All experiments were performed in accordance with the IACUC guidelines of Seoul National University.

Analyzing the Status of Korea’s Research Funding Institutions and the Characteristics of Funded Projects in the Field of Child Studies

Objectives This study aimed to analyze the status of Korea’s research funding institutions and the characteristics of funded research projects in the field of child studies. Methods Subjects were 440 Korea’s research funding institutions registered on the FundRef Registry and 138 projects funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea in the field of child studies, from 2000 to July 2018. Descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, and t-test were used for the statistical analysis. Results Findings revealed that 126 of the Korean research funding institutions registered on the FundRef Registry (28.6% of the total) supposed to be able to fund research projects on child studies. An analysis of the characteristics of the 138 funded projects on child studies revealed the following findings. Most projects were related to child development, were funded under the Mid-career Researcher Program, and they entailed a 1 year long research. With reference to characteristics of the researchers, it was observed that 52.5% of the projects were accomplished by researchers funded at once. From all of the funded researchers, funded experience mean was 2.7 as a primary researcher and 0.9 as a joint researcher. Further, mean number of papers published by them was 15.9 and their impact factor mean was 260.3. The most frequent research topic was relational analysis among variables related to social development. Young children and children from multicultural families frequently participated in the projects. The cross-sectional research method and change analysis were used increasingly. Conclusions These results suggest the need for information to stimulate researchers to attend funding programs and to increase their research competency. Keywords: child studies, Korea Research Foundation, FundRef Registry, funded research, research funding institutions

A DEMATEL-Based Disassembly Line Balancing Heuristic

Circular economy has emerged as a response to increasing environmental problems. As opposed to linear economy, circular economy aims at the preservation of energy, material, and labor contents of used products. A critical process in circular economy is product recovery which involves the recovery of materials or components from returned products through various recovery options including recycling, refurbishing, and remanufacturing. All recovery options require some level of disassembly and disassembly operations that are generally carried out in a disassembly line. Like assembly lines, disassembly lines must be balanced in order to ensure the effective operation of the line. Mathematical programming techniques, metaheuristics, and various heuristic procedures were employed in order to solve different types of disassembly line balancing problem (DLBP). However, the use of multi-attribute decision making techniques is limited to few studies. In this study, we propose a DEMATEL-based disassembly line balancing approach which does not require extensive knowledge in operations research and computer programming. A solution can be obtained by carrying out basic matrix operations and following the steps of the approach. Two numerical examples are also provided in order to present the applicability of the proposed approach. The results indicate that the proposed approach presents a satisfactory performance compared to the previously proposed approaches.

Behavioral Determinants of Self-Management Behaviors in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Qualitative Study

Background: Self-management behaviors (SMB) play a significant role in controlling the adverse effects of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a chronic disease. Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to explore the behavioral determinants of SMB who suffer from RA. Methods: This is a qualitative study with directed approach to content analysis of in-depth semi-structured interviews. A total of 30 RA patients (15 in good and 15 in worst SMB) were recruited in this study based on the PRECEDE model (predisposing factor). The participants were recruited using a purposeful sampling to reach the maximum variation sampling. This sampling took over 6 months in 2015 at the Rheumatology Clinic in the Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Results: Five main theme and 14 sub-categories came out from the interviews. The main themes include: perceived benefit, perceived severity, perceived barrier, attitude, and self-efficacy. Most of the participants considered self-efficacy and perceived barrier as the most significant determinants of SMB in RA patients. Conclusions: The study provided better understanding of behavioral determinants of SMB in RA patients, the finding suggested that improving self-efficacy and eliminating barriers in RA patients can help researcher, physician, health worker, and planner design proper program and strategy in order to improve SMB and their health.

Practice analysis of junior doctors in Ethiopia: implications for strengthening medical education, practice and regulation

BackgroundA high performing physician workforce is critical to attain nationally set health sector goals. Ethiopia has expanded training of medical doctors. However, little is known about junior doctors’ performance. Understanding medical practice is essential to inform medical education and practice, establish licensure examination and guide workforce management decisions. We conducted a practice analysis study to identify gaps in Ethiopian medical education and practice, and to determine composition of subjects in national licensing examination.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study with national representative sample of junior doctors. After calculating a sample size of 198, we used a two-stage stratified cluster sampling method to select study participants. We collected data using a structured questionnaire comprising 222 tasks. Study participants reported in interviews on frequency of, competence at, and importance of doing each task for improved health outcome. We developed proportions, averages, graphs and tables. Using the results of practice analysis and experts’ ratings, relative weights of subjects in the national licensing examination for medical undergraduates were determined.ResultsA total of 191 junior doctors participated. Most were males (74.6%) and had less than 2 years of experience (69.8%). Junior doctors frequently performed tasks of internal medicine and pediatrics. Their participation in obstetrics and gynecology, ophthalmology, psychiatry and dentistry services was infrequent. Junior doctors had competency gaps to conduct clinical procedures, research and health programming tasks. Practice analysis results and expert ratings generated comparable recommendations for composition of a national licensing examination, with more than three-quarters of the items focusing on internal medicine, pediatrics, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, and public health.ConclusionJunior doctors in Ethiopia rarely managed psychiatry, ophthalmology and dental patients. They had competence gaps in clinical procedures, research and health programming skills. The findings have implications for establishing licensing examination, and reviewing curriculum, continuing professional development, placement and rotation policy, and distribution of responsibilities.

Flexible research opportunity

The BSAVA is inviting applications from practitioners for a place in the third tranche of candidates to take part in its Masters programme in clinical veterinary research. As the first group recruited nearly 2-years ago approach the end of their course, John Bonner asks students and their supervisors what they have learnt along the way.

Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research: finding the common ground of multi-faceted concepts

Inter- and transdisciplinarity are increasingly relevant concepts and research practices within academia. Although there is a consensus about the need to apply these practices, there is no agreement over definitions. Building on the outcomes of the first year of the COST Action TD1408 “Interdisciplinarity in research programming and funding cycles” (INTREPID), this paper describes the similarities and differences between interpretations of inter- and transdisciplinarity. Drawing on literature review and empirical results from participatory workshops involving INTREPID Network members from 27 different countries, the paper shows that diverse definitions of inter-and transdisciplinarity coexist within scientific literature and are reproduced by researchers and practitioners within the network. The recognition of this diversity did not hinder the definition of basic requirements for inter- and transdisciplinarity. We present five basic units considered as building blocks for this type of research. These building blocks are: (1) creation of collective glossaries, (2) definition of boundary objects, (3) use of combined problem- and solution-oriented approaches, (4) inclusion of a facilitator of inter-and transdisciplinary research within the team and (5) promotion of reflexivity by accompanying research. These were considered five basic units for effective inter- and transdisciplinary research although the 4th building block was also considered as “matrix” that holds all the others together.

Prevalence rates, reporting, and psychosocial correlates of stalking victimization: results from a three-sample cross-sectional study.

Public health and criminal justice stalking victimization data collection efforts are plagued by subjective definitions and lack of known psychosocial correlates. The present study assesses the question of stalking victimization prevalence among three groups. Psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with stalking victimization experiences were assessed. Archival data (n = 2159) were drawn from a three-sample (i.e., U.S. nationwide sexual diversity special interest group, college student, and general population adult) cross-sectional survey of victimization, sexuality, and health. The range of endorsement of stalking-related victimization experiences was 13.0-47.9%. Reported perpetrators were both commonly known and unknown persons to the victim. Participants disclosed the victimization primarily to nobody or a family member/friend. Bivariate correlates of stalking victimization were female gender, Associates/Bachelor-level education, bisexual or other sexual orientation minority status, hypertension, diabetes, older age, higher weekly drug use, elevated trait aggression, higher cognitive reappraisal skills, lower rape myth acceptance, and elevated psychiatric symptoms. Logistic regression results showed the strongest factors in identifying elevated stalking victimization risk were: older age, elevated aggression, higher cognitive reappraisal skills, lesser low self-control, increased symptoms of suicidality and PTSD re-experiencing, and female and other gender minority status. Behavioral approaches to epidemiological and criminal justice stalking victimization are recommended. Victimization under reporting to healthcare and legal professionals were observed. Further research and prevention programming is needed to capitalize on data concerning personality and coping skills, sexual diversity, and trauma-related psychiatric symptoms.

Natural experiment methodology for research: a review of how different methods can support real-world research

ABSTRACTIn particular research domains, the randomized control trial (RCT) is considered to be the only means for obtaining reliable estimates of the true impact of an intervention. However, an RCT design would often not be considered ethical, politically feasible, or appropriate for evaluating the impact of many policy, programme, or structural changes common in public health research. As such, researchers must use alternative yet robust research methods for determining the impact of such interventions. The evaluation of natural experiments (i.e. an intervention not controlled or manipulated by researchers), using various experimental and non-experimental design options can provide an alternative to the RCT. The following review highlights (a) the importance of evaluating natural experiments; (b) design considerations associated with evaluating natural experiments; (c) methods for reducing bias in natural experimental studies; and (d) the potential benefits of targeted systems to enable natural experiments in emerging priority domains moving forward.

The Usage of R Programming in Finance and Banking Research

The Usage of R Programming in Finance and Banking Research

Negative Substance Use Consequences Associated With Noncondom Use Among Male, but Not Female, Alternative High School Students.

Alternative (or continuation) high schools are institutions designed for students at risk for not graduating due to behavioral, educational, or medical problems. The present study explored the relationship between negative substance use consequences (eg, having trouble at school or work) and noncondom use in this at-risk population and whether these associations varied by sex. Participants (N = 1101; 62.9% Hispanic; Mage = 16.85) were sampled from 24 alternative high schools in California, and data were analyzed using cross-sectional multivariate logistic regression models. We observed a relationship between the number of negative substance use consequences and probability of noncondom use at the last sexual encounter for boys (p < .001) but not girls (p > .05). There were significant associations between specific social consequences (missing school/work) and dependence symptoms (selling personal items to get alcohol or drugs) with noncondom use for boys only. There was a similar association between substance use frequency and noncondom use for boys. These findings suggest that substance use consequences may be a useful and advantageous indicator of risky sexual behaviors such as noncondom use for boys, but not girls, in alternative high school settings. Future research and intervention programming recommendations are discussed.

Developing senior leadership for clinical and translational science.

The fifth in a 5-part series on the clinical and translational sciences educational pipeline, this paper focuses on strategies for developing leadership capacity among senior faculty and administrators responsible for clinical and translational science (CTS) research. Although progression in academic rank recognizes scientific excellence in research or scholarship, neither disciplinary training nor experience alone prepare senior faculty for the leadership challenges they inevitably face. Yet these faculty are increasingly responsible for multidisciplinary teams working within complex organizations with unclear or conflicting incentives that demand innovation. In academic health centers with Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs), investing in leadership often includes career development support in the CTSA education and training pillar programs. Only a few CTSAs have taken an intentional approach to developing senior leadership capacity, however, and still fewer have focused specifically on building such capacity for current CTS leaders within the context of a growing emphasis on team science. This manuscript explains the need for senior leadership training and describes an established example of such a program, the year-long Leadership for Innovative Team Science program for senior CTS researchers at the University of Colorado. The development of the program over time, topical elements, and participant perspectives are provided.

Drops of diplomacy: Questioning the scale of hydro-diplomacy through fog-harvesting

Hydro-diplomacy conversations have up till now been generally state- and basin-centric, focused on formal international relations and transboundary rivers. This paper applies the notion of water diplomacy to a project in rural Southwest Morocco in order to interrogate the scalar potential of water-based environmental peacebuilding.In the Aït Baamrane region of the Anti-Atlas Mountains, a local non-profit oversees the world’s largest operational fog-harvesting system, piping potable water collected from the mountains’ extensive fog cover to 13 Amazigh villages. Dar Si Hmad’s related Ethnographic Field School leverages the fog project’s uniqueness to attract scholars to an underrepresented region, where research programming questions mainstream narratives of Morocco and sustainable development while exploring how traditional knowledges can be integrated in scientific innovation.This paper argues that, by intentionally using fog to facilitate collaborative exchange, Dar Si Hmad is engaging in a form of hydro-diplomacy. Drawing from ethnographic data and building on international relations theories of Track Diplomacy, this paper demonstrates how fog water is being used to lay the groundwork for durable peace, intercultural understanding, and symbiotic growth. Such local iterations of hydro-diplomacy should be better understood and integrated with the emerging literature on state-to-state water cooperation in order to develop holistic expertise, share best practices, and promote positive policy interventions.

It takes two: Parent functioning within the pediatric chronic pain experience and interdisciplinary rehabilitation treatment.

The present study aims to examine relationships between parental behavior and cognition and treatment outcomes in children enrolled in an intensive interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program. 670 consecutive referrals of children with chronic pain were enrolled in a clinical database registry from 2009 to 2014. Participants and their parents completed measures of physical and psychosocial functioning, and pain-related severity ratings. Data were taken at three time points: admission (N = 670), discharge (N = 504), and 6-month posttreatment (N = 110), although only complete data from 82 participants was used for final analyses. Both children and parents alike reported significant improvement in functioning, both at discharge and 6 months posttreatment. Parent functioning showed weak to moderate associations with child functioning, with stronger correlations at 6 months posttreatment. Regression analyses demonstrated that changes in parent functioning predicted child functioning and report of pain at 6 months. Parents are an integral part of a child's pain experience and associated disability. An improvement in parent functioning in the course of chronic pain rehabilitation is linked with functional gains in the child. Future research and clinical programming should target the role of parents in pediatric chronic pain interventions in order to optimize both child and family functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record

Digital Data-Centric Geography: Implications for Geography's Frontier

The debate regarding geographic information systems (GIS) as tool, toolbox, or science still lingers in geography departments and among geographers. Analysis of geographic information is a vital component of decision making among business, governments, researchers, and academics. GIS users, geographers and nongeographers alike, use and benefit from problem-solving methods in numerous fields and contexts, making the use of GIS and the core competencies associated with using GIS a topic of intense debate. Complicating this ongoing discussion is the rise of data-centric approaches to research in geography that further expand the capabilities of spatial analysis and add to the expected knowledge of a GIS user and analyst. Building on a panel discussion at the 2016 American Association of Geographers (AAG) annual meeting, as well as informal dialogues on Twitter and other social media platforms that navigate this issue in academics and industry, this article explores how skills in research computing and programming operate in geography and GIS, especially given the rise of data-centric approaches to research in these realms. Some topics, like the costs and benefits of open and closed source software, are familiar from previous discussions in geography and GIS. Others, though, like the reward structures and recognition for computing skills or programming ability, have not been widely considered given the current landscape.

Generation of an Advanced Three-Dimensional Kidney Model for In Vitro Nephrotoxicity Studies

Stable and reproducible kidney cellular models could accelerate disease understanding, help therapeutics development and improve nephrotoxicity screens. Generation of a reproducible in vitro kidney models have been challenging due to the cellular heterogeneity and structural complexity. Here, we established a renal cell line and developed a system to generate kidney spheroids containing multiple cell types that structurally and functionally recapitulates features of the kidney. First we generated immortalized cell lines from mouse and human kidneys that stably maintain their characteristics of expression of renal progenitor markers and its proliferative capacity. We show that these cells can be differentiated into kidney spheroids that contains multiple nephron segments; such as proximal tubule Loop of Henle, distal tubules, and podocytes. The cellular differentiation is enhanced by culturing these structures in an extracellular matrix. They expressed all apical and basolateral transporters that are important for drug metabolism. The spheroids recapitulated key functional aspects of the kidney including protein endocytosis, increased gamma-glutamyltransferase activity and cyclic AMP responded to external cues, such as parathyroid hormone. Following exposure, cells efflux and take up drugs via proximal tubule specific apical or basolateral transporters, display increased cell death and expression of renal injury marker. Here, we generated new mouse and human renal cell lines, developed an in vitro differentiation method to generate kidney spheroids that recapitulate the kidney both structurally and functionally, and can be used for drug toxicity and therapeutics development. Funding Statement: This research was supported by the KRIBB Research Initiative Program and the Midcareer Researcher Program (2016R1A2B4011124) through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests. Ethics Approval Statement: All experimental protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee/IRB of the Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB).

Connecting people with cancer to physical activity and exercise programs: a pathway to create accessibility and engagement.

Recent guidelines concerning exercise for people with cancer provide evidence-based direction for exercise assessment and prescription for clinicians and their patients. Although the guidelines promote exercise integration into clinical care for people with cancer, they do not support strategies for bridging the guidelines with related resources or programs. Exercise program accessibility remains a challenge in implementing the guidelines, but that challenge might be mitigated with conceptual frameworks ("pathways") that connect patients with exercise-related resources. In the present paper, we describe a pathway model and related resources that were developed by an expert panel of practitioners and researchers in the field of exercise and rehabilitation in oncology and that support the transition from health care practitioner to exercise programs or services for people with cancer. The model acknowledges the nuanced distinctions between research and exercise programming, as well as physical activity promotion, that, depending on the available programming in the local community or region, might influence practitioner use. Furthermore, the pathway identifies and provides examples of processes for referral, screening, medical clearance, and programming for people after a cancer diagnosis. The pathway supports the implementation of exercise guidelines and should serve as a model of enhanced care delivery to increase the health and well-being of people with cancer.

Language-integrated provenance in Haskell

Scientific progress increasingly depends on data management, particularly to clean and curate data so that it can be systematically analyzed and reused. A wealth of techniques for managing and curating data (and its provenance) have been proposed, largely in the database community. In particular, a number of influential papers have proposed collecting provenance information explaining where a piece of data was copied from, or what other records were used to derive it. Most of these techniques, however, exist only as research prototypes and are not available in mainstream database systems. This means scientists must either implement such techniques themselves or (all too often) go without. This is essentially a code reuse problem: provenance techniques currently cannot be implemented reusably, only as ad hoc, usually unmaintained extensions to standard databases. An alternative, relatively unexplored approach is to support such techniques at a higher abstraction level, using metaprogramming or reflection techniques. Can advanced programming techniques make it easier to transfer provenance research results into practice? We build on a recent approach called language-integrated provenance, which extends language-integrated query techniques with source-to-source query translations that record provenance. In previous work, a proof of concept was developed in a research programming language called Links, which supports sophisticated Web and database programming. In this paper, we show how to adapt this approach to work in Haskell building on top of the Database-Supported Haskell (DSH) library. Even though it seemed clear in principle that Haskell's rich programming features ought to be sufficient, implementing language-integrated provenance in Haskell required overcoming a number of technical challenges due to interactions between these capabilities. Our implementation serves as a proof of concept showing how this combination of metaprogramming features can, for the first time, make data provenance facilities available to programmers as a library in a widely-used, general-purpose language. In our work we were successful in implementing forms of provenance known as where-provenance and lineage. We have tested our implementation using a simple database and query set and established that the resulting queries are executed correctly on the database. Our implementation is publicly available on GitHub. Our work makes provenance tracking available to users of DSH at little cost. Although Haskell is not widely used for scientific database development, our work suggests which languages features are necessary to support provenance as library. We also highlight how combining Haskell's advanced type programming features can lead to unexpected complications, which may motivate further research into type system expressiveness.

IMPACT OF EWES ON HEREDITARY AND CHANGABLE SELECTION TRAITS OF PROGENY

Organization of the system of conduct of breeding process during consolidation of the new-created types of domestic animals is not possible without application of all complex of genetic and statistic parameters, determining the condition, effectiveness and further progress of breeding work in active part of population. The special place is given to widespread use of analysis of variance, giving possibility to substantiate the results of experiments in stock-breeding and also to reveal statistically influence on changeability of a trait, which is studied, as for each factor separately and sofor their total action.&#x0D; Study wascarried out on materials of primary zootechnic and breeding accounting of sheep at "Runo" SE experimental farm of Dnepropetrovsk region. The program of researches included information about condition of basic economic-useful traits of ewes and their daughters and determination of character of their inheritance depending on condition and development of these traits at ewes.&#x0D; The analysis of variance was conducted on the basis of determination of degree of influence, as for three basic quantitative traitsin common, and so for each oneseparately, in general changeability of a trait. The importance of relationship of the investigated organized factors (live weight, length of wool, wool clip) at mothers was determined on the inheritance of the traits by their daughters by the method of three-factor analysis of variance. This method was offered by R. Fisher, its basis is decomposition of general dispersion on components consisting of the organized and casual factors.&#x0D; Primary material of researches was worked out biometrical according to methods of E. K. Merkuryeva with the use of Microsoft Ecxel and STATISTICA 6.0.&#x0D; Thearticlepresentsthe results of using different methods of statistical analysis of quantitative productive traits at the female lambs of Dnepropetrovsk type of Ascanian Meat-and-Wool breed under the influence of mothers. In terms of practical breeding it is important to know how the differences in productivity of ewes are inherited by their offspring. Analysing productivity of daughters and their mothers in coeval periods, we found significant differences. Daughter dominated their mothers significantly (live weight by 6.8-30.9 %, unwashed wool clip by 11.5-48.8 %) (P&gt; 0.999) by these productive characteristics excluding length of wool.The impact of combined effect of live weight, length and wool clip of mothers on inheritance of daughters’ live weight was determined by three-factor analysis of variance. The results showed that the total share of variance due to the influence of organized factors of mothers’genotypeswas 12.2 %, while the amount of other unaccounted factors was 87.8 %.The following results were obtained at determining the impact of factors, conditioned by maternal genotype. Thus, the total impact of the interaction of three factors of mothers on daughters’ live weight was 4.5%. The combined effect of the interaction of live weight and length wool was most significant– 77.5%, and directly the influence of live weight of mothers oninheritance of this trait in daughters was 10.2% of the total impact of factors, conditioned by maternal genes. But it should be noted that only the impact of mothers’ live weight and total effect of two factors, namely live weight and wool clip (P&gt;0.999), was significant, despite the fact that the percentage of share was 10.2% and 7.6% respectively.At the same time, the combined interaction of three factors of mothers’influence on woollength was 18 %, and of each one separately was 0-0.6 %. It is quite predictably thatthe total impact of the interaction of live weight and length wool was most significant – 50.7 % infactorialvariance and 1.7 % in general one, but the figure was below the probability (P &lt; 0.95).&#x0D; Analysis of the impact of these factors in genetic diversity of influence of motherson daughters’wool clip showed that despite the smallest percentage in the total variance ofimpact of genotypic features of mothers on the manifestation of this trait in daughters – 2% the combined interaction of three factors in factorial variance (ABC) was most significant – 30.0%. Live weight and wool clip of mothers collectively influenced most significantly on variability of wool clip, as evidenced by the high level of interactioninfluence of the above-mentioned characteristics and contributionin factorial variance – 50.6% (P&gt; 0.999).&#x0D; Thus, studies have shown ambiguous nature of the impact of maternal genes on traits expressionin daughters. The essence of this process is not linear and confirms the difficulty in the perception of inheritance as whole and for informal consideration it is clear that pleiotropic as well as polygenic effect of genes is not simply the sum of these genes. In view of the above, it can be argued that keeping in sheep breeding process should be carried out not only as the development of economically useful traits of daughters, but given their inheritance depending on the state and development of these traits in ewes.