Research Paper Research Articles

Report on the Second International Workshop on DataSystems Education (DataEd '23)

This report summarizes the outcomes of the second international workshop on Data Systems Education: Bridging Education Practice with Education Research (DataEd '23). The workshop was held in conjunction with the SIGMOD '23 conference in Seattle, USA on June 23, 2023. The aim of the workshop was to provide a dedicated venue for presenting and and discussing data management systems education experiences and research by bringing together the database and the computing education research communities to share findings, to crosspollinate perspectives and methods, and to shed light on opportunities for mutual progress in data systems education. The program featured two keynote talks, eight research paper presentations, and a discussion session. In this report, we present the workshop's main results, observations, and emerging research directions.

The Essence and Structure of the Concept “Professional Education of Students” Through Social Networks and Digital Media Platforms

The article is devoted to the disclosure of the concept of professional education in the era of digitalization, the importance of media platforms and social networks in preparing students for successful professional activity. Professional education is the basis of the educational process, which plays an important role in the development of society. It concerns not only students’ professional competencies, but also their personal qualities necessary for sustainable development in the conditions of modern economy and social environment. The concept of professional education concerns individuals and has significant implications both at the level of the country and in the global community. The main aspects of the social benefits of professional education are its contribution to the development of the economy, social stability, reduction of social constraints, the possibility for each person to achieve success in professional activities, the formation of civic responsibility and social solidarity. Thus, professional education contributes to the emergence of professionals who can adapt to the changing conditions of the labor market caused by new technologies, innovation and automation. Countries that pay attention to professional education have higher rates of competitiveness on the world stage and ensure stable economic development. Professional education helps to shape social norms and values and to adapt to the challenges of the digital age. Innovations contribute to cultural and economic growth, and professional education helps to develop these qualities in students. The article discusses the objectivity of lecturers’ and students’ interest in media platforms and social networks as new forms of professional education, training and expansion of educational space. The objective regularity and interest of researchers in studying this topic are highlighted.Materials and methods of research. The basis of the study is formed by domestic and foreign, scientific and research, philosophical and pedagogical literature, normative-legal acts, laws and regulations of the Russian Federation in the field of education and upbringing of youth. In the study of sources and materials on this topic, the methods of theoretical analysis were used. The analysis of conceptual and theoretical apparatus, comparison, generalization, synthesis, sample surveys were carried out. The experience of work on professional education in the system of higher education was studied and generalized. A review of published research papers and articles on the topic of professional education using media platforms was made in order to analyze the existing approaches, identify the main trends and determine the prospects for further research.Results. As a result of the study, the fundamental philosophical ideas of upbringing are considered. The aspect of formation of the concepts of “education” and “professional education” is studied; definitions of these terms and their interrelation in civil and moral formation of personality are given. The role of professional education in the training of students as future specialists is reflected. The role of social media in the context of the educational process is highlighted. The experience of social media researchers in professional education and educational process is studied and analyzed, and the rating of these concepts is compiled.Conclusion. The conducted analysis and conclusions of the research in the field of professional education can be used in pedagogical and scientific activities on the problem under consideration. The general and distinctive features of the concepts of “education” and “professional education” are deduced. The relevance of professional education through digital platforms is shown. The research prospects on this topic and social usefulness of professional education through social networks and media platforms within the country and the entire world community are proved.

Experimental Investigations of the Influence of Spent Coffee Grounds Content on PLA Based Composite for 3D Printing

Nowadays Fused Deposition Modeling, a widely utilized additive manufacturing technology, is significantly transforming as modern production processes. Beyond basic uses to it role in sustainability, Fused Deposition Modeling offers processing potential for implanting circular economy by reducing virgin materials consumption and enhance the integration of waste food for sustainable 3D printing. This research paper investigated the production of new composite materials based on spent coffee grounds. In addition, PLA and SCG at various contents (0, 3, 5, 10, and 15 wt%) were dried and premixed, then processed into PLA/SCG composite pellets using twin-screw extrusion. These pellets were successfully converted into filaments and subsequently used for 3D printing. The effect of spent coffee grounds in PLA composites was investigated via physical and mechanical analysis of 3D printed samples. Regarding density measurements, results revealed that adding up to 5 wt% of spent coffee grounds increased the density while further additions led to a decrease which due to the printing parameters such as extrusion temperature and nozzle diameter. Considering the mechanical properties, the Young’s modulus increased once the spent coffee grounds content reached 3 wt% and then decreased. In the other hand, there was no enhancement in tensile strength and elongation at break which corroborating with density measurements. This mainly contributed to the changes in mechanical properties caused by printing parameters. This study demonstrates that coffee waste can be used as a filler in environmentally friendly composites for 3D printing, with a maximum SCG content of 15 wt%. This approach not only promotes the reuse of coffee waste but also reduces the cost of traditional PLA filaments.

Solving Partial Differential Equations Using Fourier Series

This research paper aims to study the methods of solving partial differential equations using Fourier series. Partial differential equations are a powerful and practical tool in mathematics and physics to describe many phenomena and processes that involve continuous change at the level of equations and functions. The basic concepts related to the Fourier series and how to represent functions using it in the field of mathematics will be reviewed. Application examples of partial differential equations, such as waves, heat and diffusion, and how to use the Fourier series to solve them will also be presented. The steps of solving the partial differential equation using the Fourier series will be explained. The importance of Fourier series in the theory of partial differential equations is that periodic functions f(x) defined on (-∞,∞) or functions defined on a finite interval can be represented by an infinite interval of sines and cosines. In this research, the solution of the partial differential equation using the Fourier series was studied with the solution of an example.

Attention is All They Need: Exploring the Media Archaeology of the Computer Vision Research Paper

Research papers, in addition to textual documents, are a designed interface through which researchers communicate. Recently, rapid growth has transformed that interface in many fields of computing. In this work, we examine the effects of this growth from a media archaeology perspective, through the changes to figures and tables in research papers. Specifically, we study these changes in computer vision over the past decade, as the deep learning revolution has driven unprecedented growth in the discipline. We ground our investigation through interviews with veteran researchers spanning computer vision, graphics, and visualization. Our analysis focuses on the research attention economy: how research paper elements contribute towards advertising, measuring, and disseminating an increasingly commodified "contribution." Through this work, we seek to motivate future discussion surrounding the design of both the research paper itself as well as the larger sociotechnical research publishing system, including tools for finding, reading, and writing research papers.

Implementation Methods of Social Emotional Learning: A Systematic Review

As adolescent mental health issues have received more and more attention in society, how to effectively implement social emotional learning (SEL) has become the focus of domestic and foreign educational researchers. Through a systematic literature review, this study summarizes the 6 research papers on SEL implementation methods from 2015 to 2024, and analyzes the characteristics, effects, challenges and deficiencies of previous studies. The results show that the implementation methods of social emotional learning can be mainly divided into three categories: independent courses, integration into daily teaching and whole-school methods, covering aspects such as emotion management, social skills training and responsible decision-making. However, existing research has certain deficiencies in the effectiveness of implementation methods, applicability at various educational stages, and long-term effect tracking. It is hoped that through the analysis of this article, it will provide valuable reference and reference for educational researchers in optimizing SEL implementation methods.

Constant-roll warm inflation within Rastall gravity

This research paper used a newly proposed strategy for finding the exact inflationary solutions to the Friedman equations in the context of Rastall theory of gravity (RTG), which is known as constant-roll warm inflation (CRWI). The dissipative effects produced during WI are studied by introducing a dissipation factor Q=Γ3H, where Γ is the coefficient of dissipation. We establish the model to evaluate the inflaton field, effective potential requires to produce inflation, and entropy density. These physical quantities lead to developing the important inflationary observables like scalar/tensor power spectrum, scalar spectral index, tensor-to-scalar ratio, and running of spectral-index for two choices of obtained potential that are V0=0 and V0≠0. In this study, we focus on the effects of the theory parameter λ, CR parameter β, and dissipation factor Q (under a high dissipative regime for which Q=constant) on inflation, and are constrained to observe the compatibility of our model with Planck TT+lowP (2013), Planck TT, TE, EE+lowP (2015), Planck 2018 and BICEP/Keck 2021 bounds. The results are feasible and interesting up to the 2σ confidence level. Finally, we conclude that the CR technique produces significant changes in the early universe.

Contribution and challenges of integrating women into police reform in Somaliland

The purpose of the study was to investigate the obstacles faced by women within the police agency, assess their contributions, and develop appropriate recommendations aimed at enhancing the status of women and promoting their recruitment, retention, and advancement as police officers. In Somaliland, women encounter numerous barriers in the policing sector, which include organizational, personal, psychological, and social challenges that impede their representation. Somaliland declared its independence from Somalia in 1991, following the collapse of the central Somali government. Although it does not enjoy full international recognition, Somaliland has effectively established a stable government, developed functional state institutions, and conducted democratic elections. The country has focused on enhancing its security framework, with the Somaliland police being formed in 1993, playing a crucial role in upholding law and order in a context of persistent regional instability. The Somaliland Police is estimated to comprise around eight thousand personnel distributed across all six regions, with approximately 5 percent representation of women in law enforcement. This research paper adopted a descriptive methodology that utilized qualitative techniques to investigate the challenges encountered by women in law enforcement. Eight key informant interviews were carried out with police personnel, representatives from civil society organizations, officials from the Ministry of Interior, UN agencies, and members of the community. Furthermore, four focus group discussions were organized, comprising women police officers, male officers, and community members. Primary data was collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions, while secondary data was obtained through a thematic literature review concerning the roles and obstacles associated with the integration of women into police reform. The research paper indicated that female police officers perform the same duties and responsibilities as their male counterparts, with the exception of patrolling and night shifts at police stations. Additionally, they are involved in specific activities concerning women's and children's issues, such as conducting physical checks of women entering public spaces, assisting female victims, investigating cases of harm against women, apprehending, and interviewing female offenders, addressing domestic violence and supporting victims of gender-based violence. The primary challenges faced by women in the police force in Somaliland include issues related to their attire, inadequate access to essential equipment and facilities, discrimination, imbalances between marriage, family, and work, limited understanding of the police system, and cultural obstacles. To mitigate these challenges, the research suggests increasing awareness of the roles and contributions of female police officers, conducting a capacity assessment for these personnel, improving their training and equipment, and creating a supportive environment for women, where government initiatives, in partnership with the stakeholders, and community can effectively address the challenges faced by women.

Linguistic Obstacles Faced in Translating Some Unique Qur’anic Cultural Lexical Items into English: Reexploring Some Translation Approaches

This research paper aimed to identify the linguistic obstacles met in translating some unique Qur’anic cultural lexical items into English through the lens of translation approaches. The study used a qualitative descriptive method and Nord’s (1991) text analysis model in translation. The findings showed that the most used approach to translating the implication of Qur’anic cultural lexical items was that of word-for-word and verbatim translation, and this resulted in a deep meaning loss and manipulating the perfect translation. The study also found that Al-Hilali and Khan’s and Abdel-Haleem’s translation approach, contrastingly, seems to be predominantly translated text-oriented, and thus conforms to the strategy of free translation, putting pivotal descriptive details in brackets, footnotes, or as a paraphrasis. The study concluded that Pickthall was inclined to resort to a literal translation strategy, which often gives rise to obscurity and problems because it does not consider the idiomatic meaning and implicit meaning of the Qur’anic Cultural Lexical Items.

Privacy-preserving explainable AI: a survey

AbstractAs the adoption of explainable AI (XAI) continues to expand, the urgency to address its privacy implications intensifies. Despite a growing corpus of research in AI privacy and explainability, there is little attention on privacy-preserving model explanations. This article presents the first thorough survey about privacy attacks on model explanations and their countermeasures. Our contribution to this field comprises a thorough analysis of research papers with a connected taxonomy that facilitates the categorization of privacy attacks and countermeasures based on the targeted explanations. This work also includes an initial investigation into the causes of privacy leaks. Finally, we discuss unresolved issues and prospective research directions uncovered in our analysis. This survey aims to be a valuable resource for the research community and offers clear insights for those new to this domain. To support ongoing research, we have established an online resource repository, which will be continuously updated with new and relevant findings.

Конструкция split infinitive в английском языке сегодня

The analysis of numerous BBC radio broadcasts in English, of articles in the magazine New Scientist and different research papers shows that the last two-to-three years have seen a dramatic increase in the use of split infinitives in unprepared oral speech by people of different backgrounds and nationalities. Most common are split infinitives with adverbs. The author concludes that if the current trend in the increased use of split infinitives continues, the structure can become a part of the recognised language norm and will soon find its way into English grammars and textbooks.

Chatgpt Assisted Teachers in Improving Formative Assessment

In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence technology in education has received widespread attention, but its specific utility and challenges in formative assessment remain underexplored. This research paper investigates the value of ChatGPT in aiding teachers with exam design and providing student feedback. Through comprehensive interviews, the study analyses the actual effectiveness and challenges of using ChatGPT to enhance teaching efficiency and optimize student feedback. The findings indicate that ChatGPT offers significant advantages in generating diverse assessment questions and personalized feedback. However, teachers must validate and edit the AI-generated content to ensure its accuracy and relevance. Based on these insights, the paper provides several key recommendations: validating AI-generated content, enhancing teacher training, and maintaining teachers' professional independence. These steps are essential to optimize the quality and efficiency of educational assessments. This research aims to contribute to the better integration of AI technologies in education by addressing both their potential and their limitations comprehensively.

Dynamic reliability measures of weighted k-out-of-n system with heterogeneous components and its application to solar power generating system

In the realm of dynamic reliability analysis, this research paper presents a novel mathematical model for the weighted k-out-of- n system with two heterogeneous components also said to be weighted ( k1, k2)-out-of- n repairable system. This innovative framework comprises two distinct component types, whose simultaneous functioning yields system operation if and only if the cumulative weight of the operational type 1 component is at least k1, and that of the type 2 component is at least, k2. Each component type has a number of distinct individual components with variable states that change over time, making the state probabilities of those components time-dependent. By employing an algorithm grounded in L z-transform, dynamic reliability measures comprising reliability, availability, mean expected performance, and expected profit are derived for the system taken into consideration. This study also introduces a pioneering connection between the L z-transform and queueing theory and extends its implications to various intricate engineering systems meeting the established criteria.

The impact of anchor attributes and product content on impulse buying behaviour of beauty consumers

This study is guided by the relevant literature on impulse buying behaviour (IBB) and the "stimulus-organism-response (SOR) model" to explore the relationship between anchor attributes and beauty product content on IBB. The stratified random sampling method was used to collect data from 466 customers in the beauty live broadcast, and regression analysis was used to understand the impact of anchor attributes and beauty product content on IBB. Research results prove that anchor attributes and beauty product content significantly impact IBB. The mediating variable directly affects beauty product content and IBB, as well as an indirect impact on anchor attributes and IBB. This research paper will significantly benefit live broadcast, e-commerce practitioners, and researchers, helping them fully understand the relationship between anchor attributes, beauty product content, and consumer IBB.

Perspective on LC-MS(/MS) for biotherapeutic and biomarker proteins in research and regulated Bioanalysis: a consolidation of more than a decade of experience across the European Bioanalysis Forum community (Part 2: "The How").

Following up on our most recent discussion paper focussing on the continued regulatory challenges for bioanalysis of biotherapeutic and biomarker proteins with LC-MS/MS, the European Bioanalysis Forum reports back on their internal discussions on and experience with method development for biotherapeutic and biomarker proteins in research and regulated Bioanalysis. Due to the broad array of topics discussed, this information is spread over two research papers, where one focusses on the fundamental principles on which the technology is built (i.e., the what) and another on the practical considerations (i.e., the how). In this paper, we discuss 'the how'. Both papers should be helpful for the bioanalytical community to better understand the challenges and provide an insight on why bioanalysis of biotherapeutic and biomarker proteins with LC-MS/MS should not be compared with the more traditional LC-MS/MS assay for small molecules or ligand binding assays for biotherapeutics.

Perspective on LC-MS(/MS) for biotherapeutic and biomarker proteins in research and regulated Bioanalysis: a consolidation of more than a decade of experience across the European Bioanalysis Forum community (Part 1: "The What").

Following up on our most recent discussion paper focusing on the continued regulatory challenges for bioanalysis of biotherapeutic and biomarker proteins with LC-MS/MS, the European Bioanalysis Forum reports back on their internal discussions on and experience with method development for biotherapeutic and biomarker proteins in research and regulated bioanalysis. Due to the broad array of topics discussed, this information is spread over two research papers, where one focusses on the fundamental principles on which the technology is built (i.e., the what?) and another on the practical considerations (i.e., the how). In this paper, we discuss 'the what'. Both papers should be helpful for the bioanalytical community to better understand the challenges and provide an insight on why bioanalysis of biotherapeutic and biomarker proteins with LC-MS/MS should not be compared with the more traditional LC-MS/MS assay for small molecules or ligand binding assays for biotherapeutics.

Navigating Modern Threats: The Imperative of Strengthening Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity has become crucial in today's changing world to protect data and promote technological advancements, according to a recent online study. In a world where networks and IoT devices are increasingly interconnected and vulnerable, to attacks cyber threats have become a concern as discussed in the research paper I came across. The study delves into issues related to cybersecurity risks. Emphasizes the importance of implementing strong security measures to prevent unauthorized access and cyber breaches. The research explores studies by areas that need more attention while stressing the value of modern approaches, like artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in boosting threat identification and reaction capabilities. This article discusses the importance of cybersecurity, in maintaining stability and security through analysis. It emphasizes the need for companies to adopt technologies in their security measures for managing risks. The results of this article have implications, for fostering cooperation to tackle cybersecurity issues and contribute to securing a digital future. Keywords Cyber Security, Cyber Attacks, Challenges, Threats, Vulnerabilities

Somatic cell count in dairy goats I: association with infectious and non-infectious factors

BackgroundIntramammary infections negatively affect milk quality, animal welfare and productivity in the dairy industry. Somatic cell count (SCC) is the most used screening tool to detect subclinical mastitis caused by intramammary infections. In dairy goats, SCC is greatly influenced by non-infectious factors, which complicates the interpretation. The aim of this research paper was to determine the association between SCC, intramammary infections and non-infectious factors including parity, season, lactation stage, and milk yield in dairy goats. In this longitudinal study, 451 goats from four Norwegian dairy goat herds were sampled for bacteriology and SCC up to nine times during two lactations. Factors like parity, milk yield, and stage of lactation were retrieved from the Norwegian goat recording system.ResultsThe most prevalent udder pathogen findings were Staphylococcus caprae (6.8%), Staphylococcus warneri (6.3%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (3.8%), all of which had a mild but significant impact on SCC. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 3.6% of the udder halves and had a major effect on SCC. Parity, stage of lactation, season, and milk yield significantly influenced SCC.ConclusionsThis study highlights that intramammary infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, along with factors such as increasing parity and the seasonal effects of pasturing, significantly influence the SCC. Understanding these key contributors is essential for improving udder health management and improving milk quality in goat milk production.

Microplastic and human health with focus on pediatric well-being: a comprehensive review and call for future studies.

Although humans are highly dependent on plastics from infancy to adolescence, these materials can degrade into ubiquitous microplastics (MPs) that affect individuals at every stage of life. However, information on the sources, mechanisms, detection techniques, and detrimental effects of MPs on children's health from infancy to adolescence is limited. Hence, here we identified and reviewed original research papers published in 2017-2023 across 11 database categories in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science to improve our understanding of MPs with a focus on pediatric well-being. These studies found that milk and infant formulas are common sources of MP exposure in infants. Infant formula is the dominant source of MPs in babies, while plastic toys are a common source of MPs in toddlers. Adolescents are frequently exposed to MPs through the consumption of food contaminated with MPs and the use of plastics in food packaging. Water and air are sources of MP exposure in children from infancy through adolescence. This study thoroughly summarized how MP exposure in children of all ages causes cell damage and leads to adverse health effects such as cancer. With appropriate authorization from the relevant authorities, small amounts of human biological samples (10 g of feces) were collected from volunteers to assess the amounts of MPs in children with the aim of promoting pediatric well-being. The samples were then treated with Fenton's reagent, stored in glass jars, and filtered through nonplastic filters. Finally, MPs in children were quantified using stereomicroscopy and characterized using micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Gender Inequality in STEM Education in Pakistan: A Case Study of Female Students

Emphasis on STEM education has gained the attention of activists to promote gender equality in the education field in the last few years. The objectives of the present research paper are: Why is there a need to address gender inequalities in STEM education in Pakistan? The second objective of the research is to highlight the obstacles that restrict women’s access to STEM education in Pakistan. This research is qualitative in nature and based on the interviews of students enrolled in the faculty of humanities at the BS level in AIOU. Research gives directions to policymakers on how to increase women’s enrollment in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM).