Research Paper Research Articles

Athlete Performance Prediction Using Random Forest

Abstract: Fitness and health applications are increasingly being integrated into athletes' training routines, providing new opportunities for personalized performance optimization. This research paper investigates the utilization of smartwatch metrics and machine learning algorithms for predicting athlete performance, focusing on metrics such as power. Through a comprehensive analysis of collected data and employing advanced machine learning techniques, the study aims to provide insights into the predictive capabilities of smartwatch data in the realm of sports science. The introduction of a user-friendly athlete interface further enhances the accessibility and usability of this innovative technology. Smartwatch metrics combined with machine learning algorithms offer a potent toolset for predicting athlete performance. Smartwatches collect vast amounts of data on an athlete's biometrics, such as heart rate, activity levels, and more. Machine learning algorithms analyse this data to uncover patterns, correlations, and trends that are often imperceptible to human observation. By training models on historical data from athletes and their performances, these algorithms can make predictions about future performance, injury risk, optimal training schedules, and even suggest personalized strategies for improvement. This fusion of technology enables coaches and athletes to make data-driven decisions, optimize training regimens, and enhance overall performance while minimizing the risk of injury.

Design and Development of a Manual Briquette Making Machine

Abstract: This research paper presents a detailed investigation into the design and development of a manual briquette making machine. With the escalating environmental concerns and the necessity for sustainable energy solutions, briquettes have emerged as a viable alternative to traditional fuels. The manual briquette making machine offers a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution for producing biomass briquettes. Through meticulous design considerations, material selection, and performance optimization, this paper provides insights into the engineering principles underlying the development of such a machine.

Exploring Wagner's Law in India: An Empirical Study of Economic Growth and Public Expenditure

In this research paper, we test the connections between public spending and economic growth in India by employing annual data from 1981-82 till 2019-20. We examine if there is a long-run relation between public spending and economic growth and then we try to understand the direction of causality between them by using six versions of Wagner's law along with an augmented version. The paper employs tests of stationarity, cointegration, granger causality and the vector error correction model for the analysis in all the versions. Results from these tests show that only some versions give support to validate Wagners' law in India over the sample period studied.

Understanding the Developments in System of Education within Rural Communities

In India, more than 70 percent of the populations resides in rural communities. In these communities, the individuals have recognized the meaning and significance of education. But it is unfortunate to note that system of education is not in a well-developed state. This is regarded as one of the critical impediments within the course of progression of rural individuals and communities. Hence, there is a need to formulate programs, which are essential in leading to up-gradation of overall system of education. Within these programs, all factors are to be taken into account, which are necessary in bringing about improvements in overall structure of the organizations. Within rural schools, it is necessary in promoting enhancement of teaching-learning methods, teaching-learning materials, assessment strategies and instructional strategies. Furthermore, up-gradations need to take place in various types of extra-curricular and creative activities. These are essential in stimulating the mind-sets of rural individuals towards learning and achievement of educational goals. In this manner, there will be an increase in rate of absenteeism. One of the important aspects is, there is a need to recruit well-qualified and experienced teachers. As they are contributing efficiently in promoting student learning and leading to up-gradations of overall system of education. Therefore, in order to lead to progression, it is necessary to promote developments in overall system of education. The main concepts that are taken into consideration in this research paper are, objectives of promoting developments in rural education, measures to be implemented in promoting developments in system of education, and advantages of promoting enrichment of rural education.

Developments in Employment Opportunities: Indispensable in Sustaining one’s Living Conditions in a Satisfactory Manner

The individuals, belonging to rural communities have agriculture and farming practices as their primary occupations. But through getting engaged in these occupations, they are unable to generate sufficient income. They are engaged in these practices only during the productive season, whereas, during the rest of the year they remain unemployed. Hence, in order to lead to progression of rural individuals and communities, one needs to get engaged in employment opportunities. These are facilitating in not only generating income, but rural individuals are able to hone their competencies, abilities and aptitude. One of the important aspects is, rural individuals are being well-prepared to generate income and bring about improvements in their overall quality of lives. This is facilitated through getting engaged in employment opportunities. Furthermore, there is a need to formulate different types of programs, which are facilitating in leading to up-gradation of employment opportunities within rural communities. In addition, there are establishment of different types of industries and factories within rural communities, which are facilitating in promoting employment opportunities. One important aspects is, one needs to be well-versed in terms of job duties and methodologies to put these into practice. Therefore, it is well-understood, developments in employment opportunities is indispensable in sustaining one’s living conditions in a satisfactory manner. The main concepts that are taken into account in this research paper are, measures to be implemented in promoting developments in employment opportunities within rural communities and factors taken into account by rural individuals to implement employment opportunities appropriately.

Generating Awareness Among Rural Individuals: Essential in Leading to Their Progression

In rural communities, individuals are overwhelmed by various types of social problems of poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, and gender inequality. These social problems give rise impediments within the course of putting into operation different types of tasks and activities. Hence, in order to lead to progression of rural individuals and communities, it is of utmost significance to generate awareness among rural individuals in terms of strategies that would be facilitating in leading to progression. The individuals, belonging to rural communities are required to be well-informed in terms of job duties and responsibilities within personal and professional lives. Furthermore, they are required to generate awareness in terms of methodologies and procedures, which are facilitating in doing well in one’s job duties and generating desired outcomes. As a consequence, they will render an important contribution in doing well in one’s job duties and achievement of desired goals. In this manner, one will contribute efficiently in bringing about improvements in their overall standards of living. Furthermore, one has to inculcate the traits of diligence, resourcefulness and conscientiousness. These are the key in coping with different types of dilemmas and challenging situations. Therefore, it is well-understood that generating awareness among rural individuals are essential in leading to their progression. The main concepts that are taken into account in this research paper are, objectives of generating awareness among rural individuals, areas in terms of which awareness is to be generated among rural individuals and benefits of generating awareness in terms of various areas.

An Exploration of Some Special Functions and their Applications

Special functions are a class of mathematical functions that fall outside of ele-mentary functions. They have distinct properties and wide-ranging applications in areas such as engineering, applied mathematics, physics, statistics, economics, and finance. In this research paper, I study two popular special functions: the Gamma function Γ(m) and the Beta function β(m, n). I develop some of their important properties and results, prove these properties, and demonstrate some of their practical applications. Understanding the properties and applications of these functions is vital for solving mathematical problems that arise in practical modeling. This study sheds new light on the significance and versatility of Γ(m) and β(m, n), their applications, and mathematical properties.

Progressions in Agriculture and Farming Practices: Indispensable in leading to Up-gradations of Rural Communities

Within rural communities, individuals are contributing efficiently in promoting better livelihoods opportunities. The participation of the individuals in agriculture and farming practices is regarded as one of the primary occupations of the individuals, belonging to rural communities. The agricultural labourers and farmers are making use of traditional methods and procedures in doing their jobs. Furthermore, there are agricultural labourers and farmers who are making use of modern, scientific and innovative methods and procedures. These are regarded as essential in leading to an increase in productivity and profitability. Furthermore, it is vital for individuals to hone their competencies, abilities and aptitude. They need to generate information in terms of various factors, which are facilitating in generating desired outcomes. These include, marketing strategies, labour market factors, customer demands and so forth. As a consequence of being well-aware in terms of all these factors, individuals will be well-prepared in carrying out all types of tasks and activities in an adequate manner. In this manner, they will contribute efficiently in leading to up-gradations of overall living conditions. Therefore, it is well understood, progressions in agriculture and farming practices are indispensable in leading to up-gradations of rural communities. The main concepts that are taken into account in this research paper are, understanding the importance of progressions in agriculture and farming practices; measures to be implemented in leading to progressions in agriculture and farming practices and measures to be implemented in improving conditions of agricultural labourers and farmers.

Investigating the ascendancy of brand experience on brand equity: A Literature review

This literature review aims to analyze the correlations amid brand experience and brand equity. The whole range of sensory, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions that customers exhibit towards a brand is encompassed by brand experience. It highlights the significance of establishing memorable and meaningful engagements that surpass the practical characteristics of a product or service. The evaluation examines an extensive array of academic articles, research papers, and industry reports to get a thorough comprehension of the current body of knowledge about this correlation. The assessment additionally highlights certain deficiencies in the current body of knowledge. Additional investigation is necessary to understand the specific ways in which brand experience impacts brand equity. In summary, this literature study offers a thorough examination of the associating between brand experience and brand equity. The upshots indicate that brand experience is indispensable in constructing and improving brand equity. This statement emphasizes the importance of brand experiences in developing a strong brand value, and it advocates for additional research to enhance our comprehension of this connection in different circumstances. This review offers significant insights for marketing practitioners seeking to effectively maintain and enhance brand equity through strategic brand experiences.

A Comparative Study of OTT Market Demographic Grouping

This research paper aims to analyze the population and potential viewer count for different age groups, genders, and employment status in three distinct clusters of states in the United States. The clusters were formed based on demographic similarities using the K-means clustering for exploration and Hierarchical (Birch and Agglomerative) and Spectral clustering on a dataset that included information on the population, age, gender, employment status, and potential viewers for each state. The research then analyzed the clusters to determine the most significant factors contributing to the viewership in each segment and found that each cluster has unique demographic features, such as a high concentration of younger male viewers in one cluster and older female viewers in another. Additionally, the research identified the states and demographic groups with the highest potential viewership within each cluster. The results section will discuss the demographic features of each cluster, followed by an analysis of the states and demographic groups with the highest potential viewership within each cluster. Our analysis provides valuable insights into the audience's characteristics and preferences, which can be used to optimize marketing and content strategies for the streaming service. The paper will conclude by discussing the implications of these findings and possible future directions for research.

An evaluation of current technology in supply chain management

This research presents a scoping review of the evaluation of current technology that is being used in SCM by analysis of existing studies and contemporary concepts on this topic. A methodology based on a scoping review approach in the subject discipline was organized to carry out this research. Two databases and one search engine were searched for journals from 2019 to 2023 using relevant keywords designed for the study. Information regarding research designs, year of publications, publication authors, and findings of each study were documented. Out of the obtainable preliminary 70 studies extracted from the selected databases, only 44 research papers were accepted to meet the exclusion and inclusion criteria delineated for this study, where 45 % of papers were published between 2020–2021. Five different technological research areas were addressed in this scoping review. The major technology areas were AI and the IoT, followed by Data analytics and Big data IoT, and last but not least, Blockchain technology. The main obstacles to applying technology to SCM include change management, human reception/acceptance of these technologies, technical knowledge of the workforce already in place, and the significant costs associated with implementing these solutions. Leveraging technology improves customer happiness, reduces errors, and increases organizational responsiveness. Less crucial but still important are the difficulties in locating qualified workers and the possibility that technology will surpass human performance. However, there is undeniable proof that technology has many benefits; when applied wisely, businesses can benefit greatly from this new technology.

Impacts and implications of anthropogenic activities on mangrove forests: A review

The purpose of this paper is to review and evaluate published literature on the causes, impacts, implications and mitigation strategies of anthropogenic activities on mangrove forests. A systematic method was utilized to access research works of literature on “Impacts and implications of anthropogenic activities on mangrove forests”. A total of fifty-three (53) research papers published between the years 1975 to 2024 was accumulated and used for this review. A subjective approach was used to select the topics: impact and implications of anthropogenic activities on mangrove forests. In this paper, five (5) roles of mangroves were assessed and presented. Anthropogenic activities that threaten mangrove forests such as land conversion, mining and logging activities and household and industrial activities were also evaluated. Further, four (4) detrimental anthropogenic activities and the potential impacts they have on natural mangrove forests and the ecosystems they thrive in was also reported on. In addition, this paper reviewed some mitigation strategies for sustainable management and conservation of our mangroves, their ecosystems and the coastlines. The published works of literature established that reduced mangrove forests, altered mangrove composition, unequal species abundance, mass mangrove mortality, pollution in mangrove areas, rising sea levels, global climate change and coastal erosion or abrasion are all effects of anthropogenic activity that have a negative impact on mangrove forests and the ecosystems. This review highlights the fact that more studies on the impact and implications of anthropogenic activities on mangroves should be done in neotropical countries since there are paucity of such information on research and published data in these biodiversity rich regions.

Multi-channel and multi-featured extended orb with gabor filter and non-maximum suppression

This research paper presents an enhanced approach to feature extraction using the Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB) algorithm (Rublee et al., 2014). The proposed method leverages the power of Gabor filters (Mehrotra et al., 1992) in combination with Non-Maximum Suppression (Neuback and Van Gool, 2006) to improve the robustness and efficiency of feature detection in computer vision applications. The process begins with the acquisition of an RGB image, which is then transformed into seven single-channel images representing different color and intensity aspects: red, green, blue, hue, saturation, value, and grayscale. Each single-channel image is independently subjected to Gabor filtering, resulting in seven Gabor-filtered images. These images capture distinct texture and frequency information, enhancing the discriminative power of subsequent feature extraction. Subsequently, the Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB) algorithm is applied to each of the seven Gabor-filtered images to extract key points and descriptors. This step yields a comprehensive set of keypoints (Mallick et al., 2015) and descriptors, capturing rich local feature information across multiple image channels. To further refine the extracted features and eliminate redundant keypoints, Non-Maximum Suppression is employed independently on each single-channel image. This process effectively filters out overlapped and false keypoints, ensuring the selection of only the most salient features for downstream tasks. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach in improving feature detection performance compared to traditional methods. The combination of Gabor filtering and Non-Maximum Suppression enhances feature discriminability, robustness to noise, and resistance to image transformations, making it well-suited for various computer vision applications, including object recognition, image matching, and scene understanding.

Geospatial Analysis of Energy Poverty and Accessibility to District Heating Systems

This research paper undertakes a comprehensive geospatial analysis to investigate the relationship between energy poverty and district heating accessibility in Estonia. Utilizing ArcGIS Pro and statistical software, the study maps district heating systems, evaluates the energy efficiency of apartment buildings, and examines socioeconomic factors influencing energy poverty. By integrating GIS data with socioeconomic and building energy performance indicators, the research identifies areas where district heating is either absent or inefficient and correlates these findings with instances of energy poverty. Preliminary data may indicate a significant correlation between the lack of accessible district heating and increased energy expenses among lower-income households. The study also evaluates the impact of building energy efficiency on heating needs, revealing that older, less efficient buildings contribute disproportionately to energy poverty. Recommendations include policy interventions to expand and optimize district heating networks, alongside building renovation programs to enhance energy efficiency. This research contributes to the broader understanding of sustainable urban heating solutions and their role in mitigating energy poverty.

Current Trends in School Management in Pakistan: A Bibliometric Analysis

This research aims to analyze the current trends in management in schools in Karachi. School management is a hot debate these days, and management needs to play an effective role in the sustainability of schools and attaining desired outcomes academically and professionally. For this, bibliometric analysis was done by selecting research papers from Scopus, Elsevier, and Google Scholar. The research articles were chosen using keyword management and trends in Management using inclusion and exclusion criteria. With the help of Google Scholar, 40 research papers were found to be relevant to the selected topic. However, almost 20 papers fulfill the requirements of the main topic. Therefore, 20 papers are included in this review paper. Findings reveal that Management plays an essential role in the progress and achievement of the school. By analyzing students’ performance, principals, as the central part of school administration, can identify areas where improvements are needed. It is recommended that school principals adapt to emerging trends to enhance learners' academic achievement and readiness.

SENTIMENT/CYBER BULLYING DETECTION USING PYTHON & MACHINE LEARNING

In the modern era, the usage of the internet has increased tremendously which in turn has led to the evolution of large amount of data. Cyber world has its own pros and cons. One of the alarming situations in web 4.0 is cyber bullying a type of cyber-crime. When bullying occurs online with the aid of technology it is known as cyber bullying. This research paper has surveyed the work done by 30 different researchers on cyber bullying, and elaborated on different methodologies adopted by them for the detection of bullying. Three types of features namely textual, behavioral and demographic features are extracted from the dataset as compared to earlier study over the same dataset where only textual features were considered. Textual features include certain bullying words that if exists within the text may lead to a true outcome for cyber bullying. Personality trait features are extracted for the user if it is involved once in bullying may bully in future too. While demographic features extracted from dataset include age, gender and location. The system is evaluated through different performance measures for both classifiers used the performance of the Support Vector Machine classifier is found better than the Bernoulli NB with overall 87.14 Accuracy. Keywords: Cyberbully, Support Vector Machine, Textual, classifier.

A Multimodal Fusion and Ensemble Approach for Robust Fake News Detection through Deep Learning, Reinforcement Learning, and Using Blockchain to Enhance Security and Authorization

Background: Computer science significantly influences modern culture, especially with the rapid breakthroughs and technology in social media networking. Social media platforms have become significant channels for sharing and exchanging daily news and information on many issues in the current digital environment, which is known for its massive data collection and transmission capabilities. While there are many benefits to this environment, there are also many false reports and information that deceive readers and users into believing they are receiving correct information. Objective: Nowadays, all users use social media to obtain news content, but sometimes some malicious users tamper with real news and then spread fake news, which may reduce the reputation of social media. Therefore, many existing models have been introduced to detect fake news, but these models are based on traditional machine learning algorithms, such as decision tree (DT), multilayer perceptron (MLP), random forest (RF), etc. These models Lack of performance, security, and authorization. Our proposed model can solve existing model problems using reinforcement learning and blockchain technology. objective: Nowadays, all users use social media to obtain news content, but sometimes some malicious users tamper with real news and then spread fake news, which may reduce the reputation of social media. Therefore, many existing models have been introduced to detect fake news, but these models are based on traditional machine learning algorithms, such as decision tree (DT), multilayer perceptron (MLP), random forest (RF), etc. These models Lack of performance, security, and authorization. Our proposed model can solve existing model problems using reinforcement learning and blockchain technology. Methods: In this research paper, we explain a new way to identify fake news. This new approach, combined with policy-based heuristic reinforcement learning (PHRL), where the model dynamically adjusts through iterative learning, is the key innovation and gradually improves classification accuracy. The same as our smart contract authorization method, which enhances the authenticity of content posted safely by authorized users and improves the transparency and accountability of information. Results: Our model was tested on real-time information collected from various sources with 70% accuracy and valid authentication. Conclusion: Our proposed model produced better results with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.0811 and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.2847, both significantly lower values. Our proposed model performs better than multilayer perceptron (MLP), and random forest (RF).

A Brief Overview of the Inclusive Education System

The goal of inclusive education as a pedagogical approach is to give all students equal access to education, regardless of their differences, backgrounds, or abilities. In order to better understand inclusive education systems, this research paper will look at their guiding principles, advantages, difficulties, and best practices. This paper clarifies the significance of establishing inclusive learning environments and provides strategies for formulating and putting into practice successful inclusive education policies and practices through a thorough analysis of the literature, case studies, and empirical data. This paper advances our understanding of inclusive education and its role in advancing social justice, diversity, and academic excellence by synthesizing existing research and insights.

E-COMMERCE WEBSITE USING MERN STACK

It is built using the MERN (MongoDB, Express.js, React, Node.js) stack could focus on several key elements. It might include a brief overview of the website's purpose. This platform aims to benefit both manufacturers and consumers by enabling manufacturers to increase their earnings while offering products at more affordable prices to consumers. Additionally, the platform provides tools for consumers to connect with manufacturers, inquire about products, and build a more transparent and direct relationship. By reducing intermediaries and offering a commission-free environment, its aims to enhance manufacturer-consumer relations, boost manufacturer earnings, and minimize the occurrence of cancellations and returns commonly experienced on traditional ecommerce platforms. Through this research paper, we explore the design, functionality, and potential impact of the e-commerce landscape, highlighting its role in empowering commerce, fostering transparency, and driving economic efficiency in the digital marketplace. Keywords — commission-free, manufacturers, consumers, e-commerce, transparency, intermediaries, affordability, earnings, cancellations, returns, digital marketplace, economic efficiency, manufacturer- consumer relations, empowerment, commerce.

Applications of dynamical systems in physics

Dynamical systems are crucial for defining our comprehension of the physical world, offering a robust structure for examining and representing intricate occurrences. The exploration of dynamical systems in physics traces back to the initial developments of classical mechanics by Newton and Lagrange. Over time, this framework has developed and grown to encompass a broad array of physical phenomena, ranging from the movement of astronomical objects to the actions of subatomic particles. The close relationship between dynamical systems and physical principles has inspired the study and improvement of this mathematical field. This paper delves into the diverse applications of dynamical systems in physics, emphasizing the research background, methodology, main discoveries, and wider ramifications. This study tries to offer a thorough summary of the diverse impacts of dynamical systems on the area of physics by combining several research papers. By utilizing dynamical systems, researchers have gained a deeper understanding of the fundamental order that governs complex dynamics, paving the way for improved predictions, innovative technologies, and a deeper understanding of the underlying principles that govern the universe.