Stem cell therapy is increasingly recognized as an innovative and transformative approach in the field of medicine, with the potential to address tissue damage and manage intricate medical conditions. The utilization of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) presents a potential avenue for cardiac regeneration in the context of cardiovascular ailments, such as myocardial infarctions. Liver regeneration techniques utilizing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being offered as potential solutions for end-stage liver failure. Furthermore, stem cell therapy is regarded as a promising intervention for neurodegenerative disorders and ocular conditions, with disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) emerging as a frontrunner in prospective therapeutic approaches. The objective of this study is to investigate the advancements made in stem cell therapy research for the diseases mentioned above. It will involve a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms and principles underlying stem cell treatment in these areas, as well as an examination of the factors that impede the progress of stem cell therapy. Additionally, this paper will offer insights into potential future directions for development in this field.