Application Research Research Articles

Current insights and future prospects of graphene aerogel-enhanced supercapacitors: A systematic review

Supercapacitors present a compelling alternative to conventional batteries, offering rapid energy storage and high power density. Despite their advantages, they typically fall short in energy density compared to traditional batteries, primarily due to limitations in electrode materials. Graphene Aerogels (GA) have emerged as a promising solution to enhance supercapacitor performance because of their unique properties, such as high surface area and excellent conductivity. This systematic review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in GA technology, focusing on their synthesis methods and applications in supercapacitors. It highlights significant improvements that GA can bring to Electric Double-Layer Capacitors (EDLCs), pseudocapacitors, and hybrid supercapacitors. Additionally, the review explores GA's potential for enhancing electric generators and integrating into flexible, wearable technologies. Future research directions are emphasised, particularly regarding GA’s potential applications in waste management and environmental protection. The review was conducted through a thorough literature search, prioritising peer-reviewed sources related to GA synthesis and supercapacitor applications. Methodological quality and potential biases of the included studies were assessed using principles similar to the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Thematic analysis was employed to synthesise findings and identify key trends and challenges. Limitations such as potential biases and methodological variations are discussed. Overall, this review highlights the technological prospects of GA and provides guidance for future research in supercapacitor development and applications.

Experimental study and infrared detector application research of micro miniature refrigerators

The MMR（Micro Miniature Refrigerator）is a novel Joule-Thomson cryocooler manufactured by micro-machining technologies, its axial length is significantly shorter than traditional Joule-Thomson cryocoolers commonly employed in infrared detectors. MMRs can greatly reduce the size of infrared detectors upon successful implementation. However, contemporary MMR products encounter challenges such as relatively low cool-down rates, cooling power, and structural strength. To address these issues and enhance the cool-down performance of the MMR for effective application in infrared detectors, a calculation model describing flow and heat transfer besides working characteristics of the MMR is proposed and verified. MMR prototypes are fabricated and experimentally studied. Building upon theoretical analysis and experimental findings cooling performance enhancement methods including transitioning the MMR material from glass to metal and modifying the structure and channel patterns of the MMR are introduced, the cooling performance of the MMR is thus greatly improved. Furthermore, an integrated design incorporating an MMR into an infrared detector is proposed, the axial length of this infrared detector is reduced by 65.3 % compared to conventional infrared detectors. And the MMR is further enhanced to adapt the working conditions in infrared detectors, 60.9 MPa working pressure and 38 s cool-down time is achieved, the cool-down requirements of infrared detectors is satisfied. Notably, the proposed MMR and infrared detector design in this paper exhibit technical advantages over similar products reported in the literature.

Microcapsule preparation process research and current status of oilfield application

AbstractTraditional tertiary oil recovery methods are fraught with challenges such as significant reagent adsorption, voluminous injection requirements, limited sweep efficiency, and inadequate intelligent targeting. These issues lead to suboptimal displacement of residual oil, resulting in the inability to mobilize substantial crude oil resources and thus yielding low recovery rates. Microcapsules—spherical particles with micron or nanometer scale diameters—have been extensively utilized across various sectors, including food storage, targeted drug encapsulation, and fragrance containment, owing to their distinct advantages in controlled release, isolation, and targeted delivery. These applications have successfully achieved industrialization and commercialization. In recent years, numerous researchers have explored the application of microcapsule preparation processes to diverse facets of oil extraction, with the aim of further enhancing oil recovery (EOR). This article elucidates the mechanism of action of microcapsules, their preparation methods (encompassing in situ polymerization, interfacial polymerization, spray drying, solvent evaporation, phase separation, and supercritical CO2‐assisted techniques), characterization and evaluation methodologies, among other aspects. It encapsulates the current status and principal challenges associated with the application of microcapsule preparation processes in oilfield development and probes the potential and pivotal research directions for their oilfield applications.

Comprehensive analysis of metabolites in Pleurolobus gangeticus using the two-dimensional gas-chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Pleurolobus gangeticus, also known as ‘Salparni’, is a valuable herb with significant medicinal properties. Previous studies on the plant have only used conventional GC-MS to analyse its metabolites. In this study, we utilised two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry to precisely characterise the shoot and root volatiles of Pleurolobus gangeticus. The ethyl acetate extract of both tissues revealed 50 prominent volatile phytoconstituents in each, accounting for 99.9% and 100.1% of the total volatiles, respectively. The most abundant chemicals found in the root were alcohols (19%) and fatty acids (17%), while the shoot primarily contained organic compounds (24%) and esters (20%). The major phytoconstituents in the root were hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1ethyl ester (16.1%), octadecanoic acid, and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (10.5%). Conversely, the shoot was dominated by n-hexadecanoic acid (9.1%), linoleic acid (7.4%), and neophytadiene (5.6%). These findings highlight the potential of Pleurolobus gangeticus for further research and development in medicinal applications.

Application research of virtual fashion shows

Application research of virtual fashion shows

Response of Escherichia coli to Acid Stress: Mechanisms and Applications-A Narrative Review.

Change in pH in growth conditions is the primary stress for most neutralophilic bacteria, including model microorganism Escherichia coli. However, different survival capacities under acid stress in different bacteria are ubiquitous. Research on different acid-tolerance mechanisms in microorganisms is important for the field of combating harmful gut bacteria and promoting fermentation performance of industrial strains. Therefore, this study aimed to carry out a narrative review of acid-stress response mechanism of E. coli discovered so far, including six AR systems, cell membrane protection, and macromolecular repair. In addition, the application of acid-tolerant E. coli in industry was illustrated, such as production of industrial organic acid and developing bioprocessing for industrial wastes. Identifying these aspects will open the opportunity for discussing development aspects for subsequent research of acid-tolerant mechanisms and application in E. coli.

Analysis of ELENA's Usage: Harmonization of TAM and TPB

This research analyzes perceptions of using ELENA from a student's perspective by harmonizing variables in the TAM and TPB theories. This research focused on students from the Department of Economic Education, Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) class of 2021. Using the Slovin formula, a research sample of 205 students was obtained from 420 students. Research data was obtained using a questionnaire first tested for validity and reality. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the extent of students' perceptions of the research variables, and path analysis using the PLS method was used to test the research hypothesis. The research results show that perceived usefulness, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influence behavioral intention. Meanwhile, the variable that has no effect is perceived ease of use. According to the theoretical framework, attitude can mediate the influence of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on behavioral intention. Suggestions from this research to system developers are the need for a more straightforward manual guide and the need to simplify the system so that the system is user-friendly. Meanwhile, further research can use the same model as this research in other system applications.

Advancements in the Synthesis and Application Research of Structural Color Photonic Crystal Inks

Photonic crystals enable further manipulation of light at the nanometer scale, and the preparation of photonic crystal inks becomes a novel approach in achieving multifunctional and customizable light manipulation. The unique physical structure of photonic crystals exhibits special structural colors, which find wide applications in fields such as displays, sensors, information storage and anti‐counterfeiting measures, printing, and biomedicine. Compared to traditional dye‐based inks containing chemical pigments, photonic crystal inks not only maintain vibrant colors for longer durations but also significantly reduce environmental harm. This article introduces the basic characteristics of photonic crystal inks, summarizes recent synthetic methods of some inks, and finally concludes with an overview and prospects of the applications and development directions of photonic crystal inks.

Application of artificial intelligence in the field of engineering management

The primary topic of this work is the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) in the domain of engineering management. This paper provides an overview of the application history, development trend, and research goal and significance of artificial intelligence in the field of engineering management. This paper, through a method of literature review, thoroughly examines the theoretical foundation of artificial intelligence in engineering management and showcases its practical implementation in intelligent decision support and intelligent monitoring using real-life examples, and the effectiveness of these applications is assessed qualitatively. Furthermore, this paper examines the challenges faced by artificial intelligence in engineering management applications, including data collecting and model optimization, and suggests appropriate risk response tactics. The research concludes by summarizing the primary effort, achievements, and breakthroughs, and provides a prospective outlook on the future development of artificial intelligence in the field of engineering management.

Mechanistic study and structural optimization for the improvement of flow field in cyclone annular space with bypass flow

The inefficiency of cyclone separation for fine particulate matter is attributed to the presence of longitudinal circulating flow and short-circuit flow in the annular space. To enhance cyclone performance, a novel cyclone design called enhanced cyclone with split flow (ECSF) has been developed, which effectively suppresses circulating flow, short-circuit flow, and eccentric circulation through bypass flow and underflow. The mechanism of bypass flow on improving the annular space’s flow field is investigated using the Reynolds stress model and discrete phase model, along with an examination of the impact of annular space height. Simulation results demonstrate that bypass flow can directly counteract vertical circulation in the annular space by creating a gas partition near the vortex finder inlet to block short-circuiting. This suppression effect on both vertical circulation and short-circuiting increases with higher bypass flow ratios. Furthermore, while the presence of an annular space limits ECSF performance optimization, its elimination simplifies structure by removing the vortex finder while maximizing separation efficiency. When no annular space exists (height = 0 mm), ECSF achieves highest separation efficiencies for 10 μm and 2.5 μm particles at approximately 96 % and 83 %, respectively; energy consumption is also minimized at only 0.94 kPa. These findings lay a foundation for future application research on ECSF.

The Current Status of the Application of Surgical Specialty Nursing Quality Evaluation Indicators

This paper reviews the current status of the application of surgical specialty nursing quality evaluation indicators both domestically and internationally. It covers the related concepts, theoretical foundations, construction methods, construction fields, application research, and existing shortcomings of these indicators. It suggests that scholars and researchers in the nursing field in China should base their work on mature theories, use scientific research methods, and construct a quality indicator system that aligns with China’s surgical development, is practical, unified, suitable for the local context, and beneficial for the development of the surgical nursing discipline.

A Brief Discussion on the Application Research of Micro-lectures in Senior High School English Teaching

In accordance with the stipulations outlined within the General Senior High School English Curriculum Standards, which advocate for the integration of information technology into educational methodologies, this study undertakes an investigation into the practical applications of micro-lectures within the context of senior high school English education. This paper elucidates the inherent benefits of micro-lectures, delineates the guiding principles for their effective employment, and elaborates on their specific implementations across various instructional settings, including review sessions, reading comprehension classes, spoken English practice. The incorporation of micro-lectures into high school English curricula has the potential to significantly augment students zeal for language acquisition while concurrently facilitating pedagogical advancements. The author s intention is to offer a valuable resource for senior high school English instructors seeking to innovate their teaching practices through the judicious application of modern educational technologies.

The Application Research of Reading-to-Write Mode Based on Thematic Context To English Writing Teaching in High Schools

The application research of reading-to-write mode based on thematic context to English writing teaching in high schools is a topic of wide concern in the field of education in recent years. This teaching method aims to guide students to form their own opinions in the process of understanding and analyzing these materials by selecting reading materials related to the course topic and encourage students to express these views through writing. This teaching mode can not only help to improve students reading comprehension ability, but also effectively promote students writing ability The thematic context refers to the linguistic environment and background that is constructed around a central theme or concept in a specific communication or text. It includes vocabulary, phrases, sentences, and the overall meaning and emotions conveyed by the context. Thematic context is not limited to literal content but also includes implicit, associative, and cultural connections that collectively provide a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the theme. In different contexts, the same theme may have different expressions and interpretations, so understanding thematic context is crucial for accurately conveying and receiving information.

Handwritten Digital Signatures Accuracy Enhancement Comparison on Android-Based Mobile Application Systems

The research reported in this paper aimed to improve the quality, size ratio, and storage size of Digital Signatures (DS) used in the e-form Fumida app, a mobile application employed by PT Fumida Pestindo Jaya (Fumida) pest control, termite control, and fumigation services for data collection and verification. The application was developed using MADLC method for research and development of mobile application and utilized as a replacement for paper media used to fill in data related to work with the DS feature (e-signature), from which verification/authentication of the work results carried out by Fumida to its clients is given. The original DS, while replacing paper forms, suffered quality and accuracy loss when resized for printing, prompting the investigation of three methods to enhance their integrity. This process was subsequently examined using a questionnaire with the help of 22 respondents and calculation of questionnaire data. The results of our study showed that our model 3 emerged as the most effective solution, maintaining high image quality and accuracy even when resized.

Safety and high-recovery mechanisms and application research for initial mining of thick-coal-seam with complex structure and thick-hard roof

Thick-coal-seam with complex structures and thick-hard roof in the initial mining phase pose various challenges, including a long weighting interval, strong rock pressure, poor top coal caving performance (TCCP), and significant coal loss. These problems directly affect the safety and efficiency of the mining operations. This study employs the principles of elastic thin plates and ellipsoidal bodies to unravel the formation mechanism of strong rock pressure in thick-hard roof and the influence of parting on the TCCP. In addition, a hydraulic fracturing technique is proposed for safe-efficient recovery during the initial mining phase. The reliability of this technique is verified through numerical simulations and field experiments. The research findings reveal the following. (1) The primary causes of strong rock pressure in the mining face are attributed to a long weighting interval and wide collapse range of the main roof, and the weighting interval is primarily influenced by the thickness and tensile strength of the main roof. (2)The key factor affecting the TCCP is the cantilever beam structure formed by the fracture of the thick-hard parting, as it intersects the ellipsoidal body during coal caving. The simultaneous fracturing of both the top coal and roof can reduce the weighting interval on the working face. This process effectively decreased the strength of the thick-hard parting within the top coal, while simultaneously enhancing its load strength and eliminating the cantilever structure resulting from the parting fracture. It not only reduces the first weighting intensity but also promotes the early and proper coal release, thereby enhancing the TCCP and ensuring safe-efficient mining during the initial mining phase. (3) Aiming at the difference in the strengths of the top coal and roof, a graded hydraulic fracturing technique and system were proposed. Fracturing boreholes with a diameter of 60 mm, spacing of 10 m, and height of 20.85 m, which can economically and effectively ensure the fracturing results. Field applications have demonstrated that fractured coal and rocks in fracturing areas exhibit well-developed fractures. During the initial mining phase, the weighting interval in the working face was reduced by 20 m, resulting in a decrease in the overburden pressure and 26.9% reduction in the lumpiness of the top coal. Additionally, the recovery rate increased by 31.19%.

Exploring the willingness and evolutionary process of public participation in community shared energy storage projects: Evidence from four first-tier cities in China

Community shared energy storage projects (CSES) are a key initiative for maintaining grid stability in the process of advancing the low-carbon transition of energy systems. Understanding the public's willingness to participate is fundamental to CSES implementation and promotion. However, limited research has focused on this topic. This study investigated the public's willingness to participate in CSES, based on an extended technology acceptance model, and used social network modeling to explore the evolutionary process of public participation in CSES under different policy combination scenarios. Empirical data were obtained from online questionnaire surveys in four first-tier cities in China (N = 1276). The results show that (1) the majority (approximately 71.48%) of residents have a higher willingness to participate in CSES, but their willingness to invest in it is lower (22.32 yuan/month). Residents with lower willingness mainly believed that they should not pay extra maintenance and management fees for energy storage equipment, followed by concerns about the safety of this equipment. (2) Economic benefits, functional value, risk affordability, peer influence, and personal altruism are the determining factors that affect public participation in CSES. (3) Social interaction is beneficial for information transmission, thereby reducing the cognitive differences among the public regarding CSES. (4) The “economic incentive and mandatory” policy combination has significantly increased the proportion of public participation in CSES, but there is psychological resistance from the public toward policy implementation in the early stages. The “economic incentive and publicity” policy combination can promote public participation in CSES slightly. The combination of economic incentives, mandatory policies, and publicity policies has a synergistic effect. These findings provide new insights for application research in energy technology innovation.

Forensic efficiency evaluation of a mtDNA whole genome sequencing system constructed with long fragment amplification strategy on DNA nanoball sequencing platform

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is an important genetic marker for degraded biological sample identification, maternal pedigree tracing, and population genetic structure study owing to its characteristics of high copy number, anti-degradable ring structure, and maternal inheritance. Whole mtDNA genome sequencing is an optimal method for the analysis of mtDNA polymorphism and heterogeneity because it allows for the comprehensive use of maternal genetic information. However, because of lacking quantitative evaluations for sequencing data, the scientific interpretation standards for mtDNA sequencing results of the previously used sequencing systems are often different, and false positive or false negative results are prone to occur when faced with the interference of nuclear genomic DNA, or the heterogeneities of mtDNA sequence and structure. In this study, we evaluated a novel mtDNA whole genome sequencing system using long fragment amplification strategy on the DNA nanoball (DNB) sequencing platform. This system demonstrated high sequencing quality and specific mtDNA sequencing efficiencies on positive control DNA and FTA bloodstain samples, as the average Q20 and Q30 values of the corresponding samples were 97.17 % and 91.93 %; 97.37 % and 92.48 %, respectively. The mean mapping percentages for the reference sequences of whole genome DNA (wgDNA), mtDNA, and nuclear genomic DNA (ngDNA) in the corresponding samples were 99.98 %, 99.97 %, 0.03 %, and 99.91 %, 99.40 %, 0.60 %; respectively. The average error calling rates for the bases A, C, G, and T of the whole mtDNA genome were 0.2519 %, 0.2550 %, 0.2906 %; and 0.2392 %, respectively. The efficacy of heteroplasmy identification was assessed using a set of theoretical sites with predetermined rates. These sites were created by combining the samples with known mtDNA haplotypes in certain proportions. The absolute errors between observed and theoretical heteroplasmy values were 89.59 %, 74.68 %, 50.20 %, 12.65 %, 8.31 %, and 4.85 %, while the theoretical heteroplasmy values were 5 %, 10 %, 20 %, 80 %, 90 %, and 95 %, respectively. The absolute error exhibited relative stability when the mtDNA sequencing depth exceeded 500×. Furthermore, the system sequencing efficiency was also confirmed among different kinds of samples, and these samples included natural samples (e.g., peripheral blood samples preserved on FTA cards for 2 and 11 years, and on filter paper for 6 and 9 years), degraded samples, sensitivity samples, samples derived from various bodily fluids, and maternal pedigree samples. In summary, the whole mtDNA genome sequencing system used for forensic identification demonstrated high performance in analyzing mtDNA sequence information, and showed significant prospects for forensic application and maternal genetic research.

Design and Application Research of a UAV-Based Road Illuminance Measurement System

This paper presents a UAV-based road illumination measurement system and evaluates its performance through experiments. The system employs a HUBSAN Zino 2+ UAV, STM32F103RCT6 microcontroller, BH1750 illuminance sensor, and GPS and integrates flight, processing, measurement, cloud platform, obstacle avoidance, communication, and power supply units via the OneNET cloud platform. Both hardware and software designs were implemented, using the Z-score algorithm to handle outliers in illumination data. The system showed a single-point measurement error rate of 1.14% and a MAPE of 5.08% for multi-point measurements. In experiments, the system’s horizontal and vertical illuminance RMSE were 1.92 lx and 1.75 lx, respectively. The real-time visualization interface improved operational efficiency, cutting labor costs by half and time costs by nearly four-fifths. UAV control and monitoring from the roadside ensured safety during measurements. The system’s efficiency and wide measurement range enabled extended experiments, collecting illuminance data across multiple horizontal and vertical planes. This resulted in the creation of both horizontal and innovative vertical-plane illuminance distribution maps. These findings provide valuable data for evaluating road lighting quality, enhancing road traffic safety, and improving road illumination design.

Application Research on Cultivating Humanistic Care in Nursing Students Oriented by Core Competencies of Nurses in the Digital Era

This study explores an experiential teaching model for cultivating humanistic care in higher vocational nursing education, oriented by the core competencies of nurses in the digital era. Using an experimental comparison method, the experimental group adopted the experiential teaching model, while the control group used traditional classroom lectures. After the course tasks were completed, significant changes (P<0.05) were observed in the overall score and six factors of the nursing core competency assessment between the experimental and control groups. The experimental group students showed considerable improvements in critical thinking, research, leadership, interpersonal relationships, legal and ethical practice, professional development, education, and consultation compared to the control group. In summary, the experiential teaching model oriented by the core competencies of nurses in the digital era is conducive to enhancing the psychological quality and professional ability of nursing students.

Open-cage metallo-azafullerenes as efficient single-atom catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction.

Very recently, open-cage metallo-azafullerenes PbC100N4H4 and Pb2C100N4H4 containing one Pb-N4-C moiety have been synthesized via the electron beam. Herein, we utilized density functional theory calculations in combination with abinitio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations to study the geometric and electronic structures, bonding properties, thermodynamic stability, and catalytic performance of MC100N4H4 and M2C100N4H4 (M = Ge, Sn, Pb). Metal-nitrogen distances and metal-metal distances increase along with the metal radius while the metal atom is positively charged. Energy decomposition analysis revealed that the bonding interactions between M and the C100N4H4 fragment could be described as the donor-acceptor interaction between M(ns0(n-1)d10np4) and C100N4H4 fragment, in which the orbital interactions terms contribute more than the electrostatic interactions. AIMD simulations demonstrate that those metallo-azafullerenes exhibit thermodynamic stability at room temperature. These metallo-azafullerenes, which could serve as typical carbon-supported single-atom catalysts, possess enhanced catalytic performance toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) compared to the planar catalysts, which is attributed to the curvature of metallo-azafullerenes. GeC100N4H4 and SnC100N4H4 exhibit high catalytic performance in the 4e-ORR pathway to H2O, whereas only PbC100N4H4 is suitable for the 2e-ORR reaction pathway because of the difficulty in obtaining electrons. All M2C100N4H4 favors the 4e-reaction pathway due to the presence of the axial metal atom. Our finding of open-cage metallo-azafullerenes as efficient single-atom catalysts holds profound implications for both fundamental research in catalysis and practical applications in fuel cells and other electrochemical devices.