Research Instrument Research Articles

Community Attachment, Tourist Contact, and Resident Attitudes Toward Tourism Development of Kashmir Valley

Abstract This research study aims to comprehend residents’ views towards tourism development in Kashmir Valley, involving the constructs of community attachment and tourist contact. The research instrument, consisting of 31 items and six variables, was developed using a literature review of prior research studies. A mixed-methods survey approach was used to elicit residents’ sentiments towards tourism development in Kashmir Valley. Using SPSS, reliability analysis and exploratory factor analysis were performed on 520 helpful responses. The research findings reveal that the residents are well-versed in the tourism development process. Considering the economic, social, and cultural developments of tourism, findings further indicate that residents of Kashmir Valley have a strong sense of community, and interactions with tourists are seen as crucial to the growth and promotion of the Valley's tourist hotspots. The research study also considers the necessity of involving residents in developing the tourism industry so that they might benefit from the industry. The social implications of this research study are crucial for the growth of tourism. It is recommended that a community-based approach to tourism be used and that residents’ attitudes be considered when developing and promoting tourism.

Analysis of Behavioral Factors in the Use of Traditional Medicine: Observational Study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Traditional medicine has long been used by the people of Yogyakarta, Indonesia as an alternative treatment to modern medicine. Various factors influence traditional medicine use, including psychological factors such as attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. This research aims to determine the factors that influence the use of traditional medicine among the people of Yogyakarta Indonesia using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). This research was conducted using an analytical observational research design with a cross-sectional design. Data was collected from 110 respondents living in Yogyakarta who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research instrument is a questionnaire that refers to the TPB construct which has been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was carried out using logistic regression statistical tests and Pearson correlation tests. The results of the analysis show that attitudinal factors and perceived behavioral control partially contribute to the intention to use traditional medicine, while the subjective norm construct does not contribute. Attitudes and perceived behavioral control are important factors that influence the intention to use traditional medicine among Indonesian people. This suggests that interventions that focus on increasing positive attitudes and perceived behavioral control can increase the use of traditional medicine.

A Differential Analysis of Preferred Feminine Facial Contours for Transfeminine Individuals.

Facial feminization surgeries are important gender-affirming procedures for transfeminine individuals. The literature provides guidance on classically feminine facial features but the aesthetic preferences of transgender patients have not been studied. This study aimed to define the preferred feminine facial proportions of transfeminine patients and compare them to a mixed population of US adults. An online survey was designed consisting of virtually modified images with progressive degrees of change in 6 facial features: forehead, nasal dorsum, chin projection, nasolabial angle, mandibular angle, and chin height. It was administered to transfeminine patients in a large-scale health system as well as the general population using an online market research instrument. Respondents ranked each image on a 7-point Likert scale from "very unattractive" to "very attractive" for a feminine face. Both groups agreed that a moderately convex forehead without supraorbital ridge prominence, slightly sloped nasal dorsum, ∼105-degree nasolabial angle, and decreased chin height were considered most attractive. In addition, very concave nasal slope and ∼110-degree nasolabial angle were rated significantly higher by transfeminine respondents compared with controls. The most classically masculine versions of each feature were considered significantly more unattractive by transfeminine patients when compared with controls. Transfeminine individuals share significant preferences in feminine facial features with control respondents. However, transfeminine patients were more averse to traditionally masculine features on a feminine face and more accepting of the most traditionally feminine versions of nasal contours. Understanding these differences can facilitate surgical planning between surgeons and patients and potentially improve patient satisfaction.

The Role of Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Climate Towards Resilience at Work on Nurses

The issue of work resilience among nurses, manifested as physical and emotional exhaustion due to high job demands in healthcare environments. This study aims to examine the influence of workplace spirituality and organizational climate on resilience at work among nurses in the inpatient unit of RSUD Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto. A quantitative correlational approach was employed using a simple random sampling technique. The sample in this study comprised 165 nurses from the inpatient unit of RSUD Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto. The research instruments utilized were the Resilience At Work Scale (RAW Scale), Workplace Spirituality Scale (WSS), and Litwin and Stringer’s Organizational Climate Questionnaire (LSOCQ). The data analysis technique employed was multiple linear regression analysis. The findings indicate that both workplace spirituality and organizational climate can influence resilience at work. These two variables collectively account for 57.8% of the variance in resilience at work. Future researchers may delve more comprehensively into factors affecting nurses' work resilience and provide a stronger foundation for the development of policies and practices aimed at enhancing resilience.

The Effect of Using Guessing Game on Students Vocabulary Achievement at Grade VIII of MTSN 6 Agam

Vocabulary is a component of words with meaning and one of the most essential aspects of learning English. However, pupils are not taught vocabulary specifically in school. This results in a large number of students who lack fundamental vocabulary knowledge, despite the fact that vocabulary is one of the most essential components that students must comprehend in order to learn effectively in class. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of a guessing game has a significant impact on students' vocabulary achievement. This research employed a quantitative method and a quasi-experimental design; the research population was eighth-grade MTsN 6 Agam students. The sample was collected using a technique of purposive sampling. Students from the two classes, experimental class with 30 students and control class with 31 students, were given a pre- and post-test. This research instrument is a vocabulary test with 25 multiple-choice questions. The data were analyzed with SPSS 26. The calculated post-test result for the experimental class revealed a mean score of 89.47. It exceeds the mean score of the control group, which was 62.58. The standard deviation of each class is then calculated. Using Independent sample t-test, the researcher compared post-test experimental class and control class using the t-test formula. The output indicates that the value of Sig. (2-tailed) is 0.00 0.05. It indicates that Ha is acceptable. There is a substantial difference between students who are taught using Guessing game and those who are not. The result is also indicated by the fact that the mean post-test score of the experimental group (89.47) is higher than that of the control group (62.28). It indicates that students who are taught with Guessing game are superior to those who are not. Guessing game has a significant impact on the vocabulary attainment of eighth-grade MTsN 6 Agam students.

Decentralized Governance and the Performance of Garissa County, Kenya

Devolution is the strongest form of governance decentralization. Devolution involves rescaling of responsibilities or powers from the national to the regional political organization. The actual form and politics of such rescaling will vary substantially between states, however, amounting to a radical transfer of powers and resources in some cases and a more modest and rhetorical shift of responsibility and service delivery in others. The conceptual scope of this study will be limited to four governance structures variables namely financial decentralization, administrative decentralization, political decentralization and citizen participation. This study targeted staff of Garissa County and were composed of senior managers, middle level managers and operational staff. The study employed descriptive survey design. The researcher used questionnaires as research instruments to collect data to the study. The study adopted both primary and secondary data analysis research design. Primary data was collected using semi structured questionnaires containing both closed and open-ended questions to allow variety. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. In addition, the study used multiple regression analysis to analyze the data. From the study findings, this study concluded that administration decentralization has a significant and a positive effect on the performance of Garissa County. The study also concluded that political decentralization has a significant and a positive effect on the performance of Garissa County. From the findings, the study further concluded that financial decentralization had significant and a positive effect on the performance of Garissa County. The study finally concluded that citizen participation had a significant and positive effect on the performance of Garissa County. The study recommended that the government should increase county government autonomy to promote administrative decentralization. The study also recommended that national and county governments should put in place measures to safeguard the independence of political decentralization. The study further recommended that national and county governments should put in place a set of deliberate and proactive processes, policies and structures that support financial decentralization. Finally, the study recommended that county governments should improve citizen participation practices to ensure citizen involvement in governance.

Prediction of Suicide Attempt based on Psychological Pain, Interpersonal Needs, and Peer Pressure in Students

Aim: The aim of this study was to predict suicide attempt based on psychological pains, interpersonal needs, and peer pressure in students. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study included all students in city of Rasht (Iran), from which 250 people were selected through random sampling. Research instruments included Schneidmann (1993) Psychache Scale, Joiner et al. (2006) Interpersonal Needs, Dehingra, Budoshk, & O'Connor (2016) Suicide Attempt, and a peer pressure researcher-made questionnaire through which data was collected and analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression. Finding: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between psychological pain (psychache), perceived burdensomeness, and peer pressure with suicide attempts (P <0.01). And the results of regression analysis showed that psych ache and neutral belongingness can predict suicide in students (P <0.05). But the role of psychological pain has a higher power of predictability in suicide attempts among students. Conclusion: It can be concluded that psychological painss and neutral belonging are important factors that can predict suicide in students.

Exploration Of Subjective Norms Of Tourists In The Application Of Planned Behavior Theory To Predict The Intention To Visit Tourist Objects In Indonesia

This research aims to explore a deeper understanding of the factors that influence tourists' intentions to visit tourist attractions in Indonesia using the Planned Behavior Theory (TPB) approach. This research focuses on exploring tourists' subjective norms, which is one of the main components in the TPB, along with attitudes and behavioural control. The research method involves an online survey targeting a sample of tourists who have visited or intend to visit tourist attractions in Indonesia. The research instrument consists of structured questions designed to measure critical variables in the TPB, with particular emphasis on subjective norms. Data analysis used descriptive and inferential statistical techniques to identify relationships between key variables. The research findings are expected to significantly contribute to understanding the factors that influence tourists' visiting intentions, as well as their implications for developing marketing strategies and managing tourist attractions in Indonesia. It is hoped that the results of this research can become a reference for tourism industry stakeholders, government and researchers in consumer behaviour and tourism to improve the management and development of tourist attractions in Indonesia to increase the attractiveness and competitiveness of tourist destinations globally.

An Exploratory Study of Vocabulary Learning Strategies by Saudi Female First-year EFL University Students

The aim of this exploratory study is to investigate the vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs) used by 55 Saudi female freshmen students studying English as a foreign language (EFL). The participants were enrolled in their second level of English (ELI 112) in the university’s foundation program. To provide rich detailed data, the study integrated two research instruments to collect the data: a closed/open-ended questionnaire that adapted Schmitt’s (1997) taxonomy of VLSs, and a vocabulary diary learning log. The overall results of this study show that the participants used all the different VLSs at different rates. Participants tended to resort more to memory VLSs followed by determination, cognitive, social, and finally metacognitive strategies.

Influence of Principals’ Promotion of Professional Development of Teachers on Learners’ Academic Performance in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education in Kisii County, Kenya

Effective professional development should take cognisance of the needs of teachers, learners and school context. It has been established by research studies that divergent and overlapping policies as well as dysfunctional schooling cultures have frustrated impact of professional development of teachers on good quality learning outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Influence of Principals’ promotion of teachers’ professional development on learners’ academic performance in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E.) in Public Schools in Kisii County, Kenya The objective of this study was to: explore the influence of Principals’ promotion of professional development of teachers on learners’ academic performance in K.C.S.E.in Kisii County. This study was anchored on Karl Ludwig von Bertalanffy General Systems Theory. Mixed method research design of explanatory sequential type with a prioritized quantitative approach in phase one followed by qualitative approach in phase two was applied in the study. The target population was 4,691 participants which included: 340 Principals, 1360 Heads of Departments (H.O.Ds) and 2,991 teachers. A sample of 451 respondents participated in the study. The researcher used proportionate stratified random sampling technique to select 85 schools, 114 H.O.Ds and 252 teachers. Census sampling to select national and special schools while 85 Principals of the selected schools were purposefully sampled. Questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data respectively. Content validity, Criterion validity, Construct validity and Face validity, of the research instruments were ensured through evaluation by the University supervisors and other experts while internal consistency reliability was estimated by using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient formula which yielded alpha coefficient of over 0.7 which was considered adequate. Quantitative data were analysed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 29 while qualitative data were analysed thematically and presented using word verbatim from the respondents and integrated with the findings of phase one. Descriptive statistics were presented in tables and graphs while inferential statistics were presented in terms of Pearson’s correlation coefficients, Anova and Regression coefficients. The study found out a weak positive insignificant influence between promotion of professional development of teachers (r=.011, p≤.05; 2 tailed) and learners’ academic performance in K.C.S.E. Therefore, the null hypothesis were upheld. These results were supported by Principals’ interviews which indicated that professional development programmes are not context specific. It is hoped that the findings of this study would provide information that would form a base for corrective measures towards the unexpected low academic performance in the study locale. The study recommended that further research should be done on influence of principals’ leadership skills development on academic performance in K.C.S.E.

The Influence of Organizational Commitment, Non-Financial Compensation and Organizational Justice on Readiness to Change

This research aims to examine and analyze Organizational Commitment, Non-Financial Compensation and Organizational Justice on Readiness to Change. The population in this research were employees of the Deputy for Human Resources for Science and Technology, the National Research and Innovation Agency. The sample used was 114 people. The sampling method uses a quota sampling model. The data collection method used a survey method, with the research instrument being a questionnaire using a Likert scale as a questionnaire assessment tool. Methods of data analysis using SPSS 26. The results of this research indicate that organizational commitment has a positive effect on readiness to change, non-financial compensation has a positive effect on readiness to change and organizational justice has a positive effect on readiness to change.

Factors related ART adherence and quality of life in PLHIV: Mediating role of positive self-care management and brain gym

<b>Objectives: </b>To<b> </b>investigate the factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the quality of life in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with a focus on evaluating the mediating roles of positive self-care management (PSCM) and brain gym.<br /> <b>Methods:</b> This is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The data collected from June to August 2023. There are 262 respondents selected through convenience sampling. We used various research instruments, including questionnaires, which have undergone validity and reliability testing. The data were analyzed using the SEM-PLS analysis method.<br /> <b>Results: </b>Our data analysis shows that condition factors, physical and social environmental factors, and individual and family factors affect HIV individuals’ PSCM and brain gym combination, ART adherence, and quality of life. Findings show that condition-specific factors indirectly affect antiretroviral drug adherence. This impact is mediated by PSCM and brain gym.<br /> <b>Conclusions: </b>Specific condition variables, namely<b><i> </i></b>complexity of the disease, barriers, and stability of conditions indirectly influence ART adherence, mediated through the combined influence of PSCM and brain gym. This finding suggests that to enhance adherence and the quality of life among PLHIV, it is important to adopt an approach that encompasses a range of internal and external individual factors.<b> </b>

Legitimacy of Community Justice. A Look From the Aymara Communities of Peru

Objective: The objective is to identify the designation of communal authorities in the form of election, its organizational structure, its attributions, roles, functions and legitimacy in the community. Finally, to explain the prevailing norms, forms of conflict resolution within the framework of the administration of communal justice, considering as a source the cultural patterns as a mechanism of access to justice. Results: The study is carried out in the district of Chucuito, Puno, Peru, where the ancestral social political organization persists and the administration of justice is based on its cultural practice, especially rooted in the ancestral historical legacy. In the article, an analysis is made regarding the scope and limitations of the administration of community justice. Method: The method used is ethnographic-qualitative. In the procedural aspect, it was carried out through the analysis of the Communal Minutes Book, where the cases dealt with in the communal assemblies are recorded. Observation guides and in-depth interviews were used as research instruments. The field work was carried out following a program of visits coordinated with the communal authorities for a period of one year. Conclusions: The ancestral practices of justice administration are in force in the Aymara communities practiced by the families of the community and authorities, mainly Lieutenant Governors, based on custom, ancestral traditions and the legitimacy attributed to them by the community population, and they seek to lay the foundations for the understanding and incorporation to the official state justice spheres.

Applying Genre-Based Approach to Enhance Vocational Students’ Achievement in Writing Procedure Text

This research aimed to investigate the enhancement of students’ achievement in writing procedure text by implementing a genre-based approach. The research design of this research was action research. The location of the research is at Akademi Komunitas Negeri Putra Sang Fajar Blitar (AKNPSFB). The research instruments were writing sheet, interviews, observation checklists, and tests. This research analyzed 150 essays by applying descriptive analysis of statistics and essay content. One hundred and fifty students from English Course classes at AKNPSFB submitted their assignment which required them to write a procedure text for 60 minutes in 3 weeks for an English course with credit for 14 weeks. From the analysis, the students' average score continued to increase gradually from 65.60 in the pre-test to 72.15 in Cycle I and to 76.25 in Cycle II. This increase in scores proves that the application of the genre-based approach (GBA) is able to increase students' writing skills in procedure text.

Critical appraisal of Australian and New Zealand paediatric vision screening clinical practice guidelines using the AGREE II tool

ABSTRACT Clinical Relevance Vision disorders in children impact health-related quality of life, with early detection and intervention improving outcomes and educational performance. Eye health professionals should be aware of paediatric vision screening guidelines and their development to understand the components of local programmes and the differences in sensitivity and specificity between protocols. Background High-quality clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for vision screening enable the early detection of common vision disorders; however, they require rigorous development to ensure optimal accuracy in detecting vision disorders, enabling timely interventions. This study evaluated the quality of available vision screening CPGs on vision screening of children in Australia and New Zealand. Methods A systematic search of academic databases, guideline databases, professional associations and Google search engines was conducted to identify relevant paediatric vision screening CPGs. Four independent reviewers used the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument to assess the quality of individual guidelines and scores were aggregated and reported as the percentage of the total possible score across the six AGREE II domains: scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigour of development, clarity of presentation, applicability, and editorial independence. Results Initial 2,999 items were evaluated, with seven guidelines included. AGREE-II quality score agreement ranged from 43.3% to 95.8%. All guidelines scored >60.0% in the scope and purpose, however, most had poor scores of <26.5% in the rigour of development and <3.3% in editorial independence domains. All guidelines recommended screening using measures of habitual distance vision. Conclusion Of the guidelines developed for use in Australia and New Zealand, most guidelines scored poorly when assessed against the AGREE II tool, because of lack of editorial independence and rigour of development. Paediatric vision screening guidelines should prioritise systematic review of literature to inform practice and include statements regarding competing interests.

The Influence of Work Discipline and Work Environment on the Work Performance of Inpatient Nurses at Bhayangkara Hospital, Pontianak

This study aims to reveal the influence of work discipline and work environment on the work performance of inpatient nurses at Bhayangkara Hospital, Pontianak. The research design used was non-experimental and used cross-sectional analytics. Data analysis using Logistic Regression. Research data was obtained from valid and reliable research instruments. The population in this study were all inpatient nurses. The research sample was 46 inpatient nurses. Research Results: 1) regression analysis of the influence of work discipline on nurses' work performance, p-value &lt; 0.05, thus there is an influence of work discipline on work performance; 2) the Odds Ratio value is 4.582, meaning that nurses with high work discipline have a 4.582 times chance of having good work performance compared to nurses who have low work discipline; 3) the influence of the work environment on the work performance of nurses obtained p value &lt;0.05. Thus there is an influence of the work environment on the work performance of inpatient nurses; 4) the Odds Ratio value is 2.924, meaning that nurses with a good work environment have a 2.924 times chance of having good work performance compared to nurses who have a poor work environment; 5) The R-Square value is 0.722, meaning that the influence of work discipline and work environment on the work performance of inpatient nurses is 72.2%.

Challenges Vietnamese EFL Students Faced When Learning and Meeting the Requirements of B1 English Language Proficiency

Learning and meeting the requirements of English language proficiency focused on the Western model of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) are required as essential learning outcomes of higher education programs for English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. However, university students may face difficulties in the process of learning and meeting the requirements of their English language proficiency. To address this gap, this descriptive study was conducted to explore the challenges Vietnamese EFL students encountered in learning and meeting the requirements of their English language proficiency. Participants were sixty Vietnamese EFL students majoring in Odonto-stomatology (Oral maxillofacial surgery) from a university in the Mekong Delta. Two core research instruments were utilized in this study consisting of a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. Results revealed that the challenges university students faced when learning and meeting the requirements of B1 English language proficiency were significant. It was challenging for university students to achieve level B1 English language proficiency within the CEFR of Vietnam in terms of test-related, candidate-related, and environment-related challenges. The findings of this study could assist students in being aware of their linguistic knowledge and necessary skills so that they have abilities to apply appropriate ways for learning and meeting the requirements of the standards of level B1 English language proficiency in the context of Vietnam.

Identification of learning dificulties and factors causing learning difficulties in online lectures on basic biology concepts

This study aims to identifying learning difficulties from reviewing material and factors causing learning difficulties faced by Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education study program in online lectures basic concepts of biology. The research particiants were 80 third-semester in 2021/2022 academic year. The research method used quantitative. The data collection technique in this study is a survey technique. The research instrument is a questionnaires were made to collect student data regarding learning difficulties in basic concepts of biology and the factors that cause student learning difficulties. Questionnaires were given to students via a google form. The data analyzed by descriptive statistics and used as reference data to determine the learning difficulties faced by students in the form of subject matter, internal and external factors causing learning difficulties. The results showed: a) In online lectures on basic concepts of biology, the material that students consider the most difficult is genetics, b) Internal factors that cause learning difficulties are lack of preparation before lectures, too much memorization, lack of self-motivation, physical tiredness, and laziness to read the material, c) External factors that cause students’ learning difficulties in basic biology concepts lectures, namely lectures resources and materials, lecture facilities, lecture strategies, lecture environment, and lecture hours.

An Analysis of Students’ Mathematical Curiosity in Online Learning Viewed from Academic Level and Gender

Online learning affects students' curiosity, so it is important to develop students' curiosity during the pandemic. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze students' curiosity about online learning. This study was conducted in the Department of Mathematics Education during the odd semester 2021/2022 with 106 students in three different courses. The research instrument was a mathematical curiosity questionnaire administered to students using the Google Documents application. The data analysis technique used was descriptive analysis. The results showed that the general curiosity of the students is classified as "strong" with a percentage of 75.17%. Academically, students with low, medium and high curiosity are considered strong with percentages of 74.07 percent, 76.5 percent and 75.12 percent. Measured by gender differences, the proportion of male and female students is 76.43 and 77.5 percent. Data analysis showed that in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic, curiosity about learning mathematics does not depend on the academic level of online learning or on gender differences. The effect of the result that the students during the Covid-19 pandemic, mathematical curiosity is still used in online learning and should be improved. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on mathematical learning in the digital age and offers practical recommendations for fostering mathematical curiosity in online.

TATWIR WASIILATU TA’LIIMI ALMUFRODAAT ‘ALA DHOUI ANDROID BISTIKHDAAMI KODULAR LITALAAMIZI ALMADROSATI ALIBTIDAIYYATI ALMUHAMMADIYYATI JOPANG MANGANTI

The main problem in this research is the lack of use of learning media which results in students' lack of attention to Arabic language learning. This research aims to (1) find out what students' needs are for Android-based Arabic vocabulary learning media using codular (2) find out the validity of the learning media developed; and (3) knowing the practicality of the learning media being developed. This research is research and development by adapting the 4-D model, namely define, design, development, disseminate. The research instruments used were interview sheet instruments, validation sheets, and practicality sheets. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis. The results of this research are android-based Arabic vocabulary learning media for Arabic language lessons at Muhammadiyah Fullday Jopang Manganti Elementary School, especially for class III. This learning media consists of five discussions, each discussion consisting of mufradat, images, sounds, and exercises to support student learning. The research results show that (1) the average results show that students need Android-based Arabic vocabulary learning media using Kodular to support Arabic language learning in class III with a percentage of 100%. (2) the results of research validation analysis by three validators obtained an average learning media validation of 3.92 with a very valid category. (3) the results of trials conducted on 17 students and 1 Arabic language teacher also obtained results with an average score of 3.92 in the very practical category