Research Terminology Research Articles

The comparison of the selected morphometric traits in three medium-sized rabbit breeds

The comparison of the selected morphometric traits in three medium-sized rabbit breeds

Updating conceptions of validity and reliability.

Measurement validity is important when conducting research. This is as true for sociobehavioral research as for clinical research. Although the importance of validity is not new, its conceptualization has changed substantially in the past few decades. In the literature, there is a lack of consistency in how validity is presented. This may stem from a lack of awareness of the relatively recent changes in conceptualization of validity, the continued use of a historical framework in some educational texts, and/or the continued use of a historical framework in some training programs. This article presents a brief history of the conceptualization of validity including the progression from a perspective of related concepts of reliability and validity, to multiple types of validity, to a view of validity as a unitary concept supported by different types of evidence. This article closes by raising some important considerations about promoting use of a contemporary validity framework and associated terminology in current research, as well as in the education of future health-sciences researchers.

Recognizing the child’s right to protection from physical violence: An update on progress and a call to action

For centuries, some level of physical violence against children has been normalized, prescribed and legally justified. It has long been argued that violence is not abusive if it is intended as punishment and does not injure the child physically. This proposition has heavily influenced our language, research methods and approaches to intervention with the effect of perpetuating the belief that some level of violence is justifiable and acceptable in children’s lives. The United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of the Child precipitated a global recognition that the justification of punitive violence violates children’s fundamental protection rights. Yet, in the research literature, terminology, methods and approaches often minimize acts of violence if they are intended as punishment. This article summarizes progress made over the past 30 years and issues a call for transformative change in our conceptualizations of punitive violence.

Digital health eco-systems: An epochal review of practice-oriented research

This article describes an epochal review of research literature on practice-oriented digital health ecosystems that have emerged during the period between 1998 and 2018. Practice-orientation refers to efforts that have resulted in positive impact and transformations in the delivery of healthcare. The review is epochal in the sense that there have been 3 major stages of innovation and diffusion in digital health that are identified. The year 1998 was deemed a significant starting point for the literature search because it marked the introduction of the term e-health. The main objective of this review is to track the evolution of digital health and the conspicuous developments in the field - crucial steps to get a grasp of the key issues involving the delivery of healthcare. The article includes a general discussion of these various key issues and sensitizing concepts. The sense-making thus shed some light on the areas of enquiry, which are central to identifying the direction in which the practice of healthcare is headed. These areas of enquiry often referred to as ‘substantive areas’ in qualitative research terminology, were identified as ‘electronic medical records’, ‘health cloud’, ‘data analytics’, ‘Internet-enabled devices’, and other ‘emerging information technologies’. The article concludes with a synthesis of key inferences drawn from the epochal review. The digital disruption of healthcare has created necessary conditions for its offering as a global, interoperable service.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Evidence-Based Nursing Practice and Barriers

Professional nurses, one of the human resources in the health sector, are obliged to carry out the nursing process, especially nursing, based on scientific evidence. This study aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of evidence-based practice and its barriers to the hospital. Quantitative research with a descriptive approach was conducted at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital, Padang. A consecutive sampling technique was utilized, with 139 selected nurse practitioners, and only 90 nurses filled in the questionnaires. The instruments used were Evidence-Based Practice Profiles (EBP2) and the BARRIERS Scale. Characteristics of respondents were 70.0% diploma education; mean age was 36.7 (SD=7.95) years and 13.35 (SD=8.37) years of working time. The mean attitude towards EBP was higher than the mean of EBP knowledge/understanding, confidence, understanding of research terms, and practice towards EBP (3.32; 2.93; 2.72; 2.53; 1.95). Therefore, there is a definite need for improving knowledge, comprehending EBP, and research terminology to overcome the obstacles of EBP implementation in the nursing service practice.

Prioritising African perspectives in psychiatric genomics research: Issues of translation and informed consent.

Psychiatric genomics research with African populations comes with a range of practical challenges around translation of psychiatric genomics research concepts, procedures, and nosology. These challenges raise deep ethical issues particularly around legitimacy of informed consent, a core foundation of research ethics. Through a consideration of the constitutive function of language, the paper problematises like-for-like, designative translations which often involve the 'indigenization' of English terms or use of metaphors which misrepresent the risks and benefits of research. This paper argues that effective translation of psychiatric genomics research terminology in African contexts demands substantive engagement with African conceptual schemas and values. In developing attenuated forms of translational thinking, researchers may recognise the deeper motivational reasons behind participation in research, highlighting the possibility that such reasons may depart from the original meaning implied within informed consent forms. These translational issues might be ameliorated with a critical re-examination of how researchers develop and present protocols to institutional ethics review boards.

O conceito de comunidade discursiva e as convergências com a Terminologia

Partindo do conceito de comunidade discursiva, desenvolvido por Swales (1990), incorporado nos estudos voltados para a Terminologia, Lexicografia e linguagens de especialidade, o objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a ocorrência do conceito da referida comunidade e sua influência em investigações de Terminologia. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa nas bases de dados internacionais Web of Science e Library & Information Science Abstracts (LISA) e nas bases de dados nacionais BDTD e BRAPCI, cujos resultados recuperados foram analisados individualmente. A análise dos artigos revelou que os elementos das comunidades discursivas, apontadas por Swales, correspondem às considerações tecidas pelos autores e são utilizados nos estudos terminológicos aqui relacionados. Nos trabalhos produzidos no Brasil, o autor é bastante relevante, sendo a base direta e indireta nas pesquisas; nos artigos internacionais, os conceitos se aproximam do ponto de vista de Swales, porém, este estudioso não é citado diretamente como referência. Dessa forma, desenvolve-se uma discussão relacionando as características de comunidade discursiva no que tange aos apontamentos encontrados nos artigos, teses e dissertações. Por fim, considera que o estudo das teorias conexas aos gêneros textuais e discursivos necessita compor a pauta das investigações voltadas à Terminologia, uma vez que o campo dos dicionários e ferramentas que representam os léxicos especializados são recortes de estruturas profissionais que compartilham consenso e objetivos comuns, assim como formas próprias de comunicação entre os pares (incluindo gêneros e léxico específicos), onde o domínio de conteúdo relevante e a experiência discursiva são fatores de diferenciação entre os próprios membros, sendo, portanto, as linguagens de especialidade uma das características das comunidades discursivas.

A Bystander or a (Passive) Witness? A Few Remarks on the Consequences of the Choice of Terminology in Research into the Shoah or the Holocaust

The Polish version of the article was published in Roczniki Humanistyczne vol. 64, issue 1 (2016).
 The article is an attempt at an analysis of the usefulness of the concept of “bystander” that is becoming increasingly popular in social sciences, and in modern studies of the Shoah and the Holocaust. The author points to objective terminological dependencies, but she also takes into consideration the differences in the historical and cultural experience that require different perceptions of the role of witnesses in English language discourse and in the East European, and especially Polish, perspective.

La traducción colectiva como proceso o producto. Reflexiones sobre el trabajo en colaboración a partir de casos de estudio concretos

La traducción colectiva ha existido desde hace siglos, pero la reflexión sobre ella y su sistematización son mucho más recientes. La colaboración puede darse sobre el producto, con una autoría compartida, o sobre el proceso, donde intervengan dos o más agentes en tareas tan variadas como la gestión, la búsqueda terminológica o la revisión. Como ejemplo del primer caso se analiza una experiencia de colaboración en un proyecto editorial: la traducción al español de Reflexiones sobre traducción, de Susan Bassnett (2017), un trabajo conjunto de 39 colaboradores de diversas nacionalidades, edades y años de experiencia. Se contrasta con el trabajo cotidiano de un equipo de traducción, poniendo especial énfasis en cada una de las etapas del proceso y partiendo de casos concretos como el “Seminario de traducción permanente”, de la unam (México), y el “Taller de traducción literaria”, de la Universidad de la Laguna (España). Estos casos se ponen como telón de fondo para plantear la importancia de la enseñanza del proceso colaborativo de traducción, con base en la experiencia docente de varios colegas en programas de formación de traductores.Fecha de recepción: 30/04/2019Fecha de aceptación: 28/06/2019¿Cómo citar este artículo?Celis-Mendoza, M. (2019). La traducción colectiva como proceso o producto. Reflexiones sobre el trabajo en colaboración a partir de casos de estudio concretos. Mutatis Mutandis. Revista Latinoamericana de Traducción, 12(2), 540-558. doi: 10.27533/udea.mut.v12n1a10

The Business School Undergraduate: An Explorative Study of Exposure to Writing and Secondary Research Terminology

Undergraduate students enrolled in a marketing principles class at a large Midwestern university were surveyed to assess their experience in business writing and knowledge of secondary research terminology. The majority of the the respondents were students majoring in business, with the remainder either minoring in business or majoring in a business-related field. The survey consisted of a quiz focusing on secondary research terminology, and questions about the students’ exposure to writing research papers. Findings show that many students have limited experience in writing research papers and are unfamiliar with the purpose and authorship of secondary research resources.

Visual supports at home and in the community for individuals with autism spectrum disorders: A scoping review.

Visual supports are recommended in autism spectrum disorder clinical guidelines. They can reduce anxiety, increase predictability, support communication and improve participation. They are implemented regularly in schools, but evidence about home visual supports is limited. This article reports results of a scoping literature review, alongside qualitative evaluation with parents and professionals. We report findings from 34 studies, identifying four categories of visual support and heterogeneity in participant characteristics, intervention methods, environments and outcome measures. Qualitative data from questionnaires (n = 101) and focus groups generated key themes about home visual supports, through thematic analysis: (1) Accessibility, (2) Participation-focussed (3) Individualisation, (4) Teaching Methods, (5) Consistency, and (6) Information and Training. We propose consensus with terminology and implications for practice and research.

Classification of Infant Vocalizations by Untrained Listeners.

Purpose To better enable communication among researchers, clinicians, and caregivers, we aimed to assess how untrained listeners classify early infant vocalization types in comparison to terms currently used by researchers and clinicians. Method Listeners were caregivers with no prior formal education in speech and language development. A 1st group of listeners reported on clinician/researcher-classified vowel, squeal, growl, raspberry, whisper, laugh, and cry vocalizations obtained from archived video/audio recordings of 10 infants from 4 through 12 months of age. A list of commonly used terms was generated based on listener responses and the standard research terminology. A 2nd group of listeners was presented with the same vocalizations and asked to select terms from the list that they thought best described the sounds. Results Classifications of the vocalizations by listeners largely overlapped with published categorical descriptors and yielded additional insight into alternate terms commonly used. The biggest discrepancies were found for the vowel category. Conclusion Prior research has shown that caregivers are accurate in identifying canonical babbling, a major prelinguistic vocalization milestone occurring at about 6-7 months of age. This indicates that caregivers are also well attuned to even earlier emerging vocalization types. This supports the value of continuing basic and clinical research on the vocal types infants produce in the 1st months of life and on their potential diagnostic utility, and may also help improve communication between speech-language pathologists and families.

Public self-reflection in the context of the European migrant crisis: Towards a new transdisciplinary model of discourse analysis in politics, media and the arts

While the European migrant crisis is omnipresent in political and medial discourses, two of its key causes are only seldom addressed by politicians and journalists: mistakes in Europe’s domestic, foreign and development policies; and Eurocentric, clichéd or ill-informed press coverage on migration. What impedes such political and medial self-criticism? What happens if politicians or journalists publicly address their own mistakes? Creative culture, in turn, has a long tradition of public self-reflexivity. In the wake of the crisis, many literary texts and films self-critically reflect on the literary and filmic framing of migrants, and challenge the political and medial ‘externalization’ of the crisis. Building upon these observations, this contribution suggests a new direction for discursive research: the analysis of self-criticism as an ethical challenge for public communication. It highlights research desiderata, discusses the theoretical foundations for comparing self-reflexivity across discourses, and outlines a transdisciplinary terminology and exemplary methods for future research.

Terminological research in Quranic studies: scientific pillars and methodological problems

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى بيان ماهيّة منهج الدراسة المصطلحية القرآنية وأهميته كرافد معرفي جديد ينهض بالبحث القرآني ويراكم جهوده التاريخية، من التحليلية إلى الموضوعية، ليفتح أفقًا جديدًا ينطلق من التعامل مع ألفاظ القرآن الكريم كمصطلحات لها سياجها اللغوي وشخصيتها المعنوية ودلالاتها السياقية الخاصة. وتؤسّس الدراسة لمنهجها من خلال ثلاث تجارب رائدة في العالم الإسلامي: المدرسة الهندية وإمامها عبد الحميد الفراهي، المدرسة الشامية وعميدها أحمد حسن فرحات والمدرسة المغاربية ورائدها الشاهد البوشيخي. هذه الأخيرة تقترح خمسة أركان للدراسة المصطلحية: الدراسة الإحصائية، المعجمية، النصية والمفهومية، وصولا إلى العرض المصطلحي، وما يحتويه من تعريفات وصفات وعلاقات وضمائم ومشتقات وقضايا. من هذا المنطلق، تحاول الدراسة أن تتبع أهم الأسس المعرفية للبحث المصطلحي القرآني، والتي تتمحور حول مرجعية تصوّرية ثلاثية: قرآنية المصدر، وعقلانية المنهج، وواقعية التطبيق. فالمصدرية القرآنية تمثّل الغاية الموجهة للبحث المصطلحي ومجاله النصي، والعقلانية المنهجية تستحضر بعدين أساسين: منهجية البحث القرآني التفسيري عامة، ومنهجية الدرس المصطلحي خاصة، في فضاء الدراسات الأدبية. أما الواقعية التطبيقية، فهي تعبّر عن مدى حضور الواقع وقضاياه في البحث المصطلحي، مما يضفي عليه الوظيفية والجدوى والفعالية العملية. من شأن هذه الأسس حسم لفيف من الإشكالات المنهجية التي تحيط بالبحث المصطلحي. يتقاطع فيها مع عموم الدراسات الإنسانية والإسلامية، ويختص ببعض الإشكالات المتعلقة بكونه درسًا قرآنيًا وتفسيريًا من جهة، ثم بكونه درسًا مصطلحيًا من جهة ثانية. هذا مجاليًا، أما محوريًا فإشكالات الدرس المصطلحي تؤول إلى مصدريته القرآنية، أو إلى عقلانيّته المنهجية، أو إلى واقعيته الميدانية. أي أنها متعلقة بالنص أو المنهج أو الواقع. هذه الإشكالات بقدر ما هي عوائق وكوابح، بقدر ما هي علامات نمو تحفّز الدراسات المصطلحية لتثبت كفاءتها وفعاليتها وأهليتها لتحمل أمانة النص وأداء رسالة المنهج وحلّ مشكلات الواقع المعاصر.

Closer to a threat than an opportunity: Polish perception of China\u2019s rise and international engagement

Chinese initiatives of a geopolitical nature are being more and more frequently analyzed in the literature. At the same time, it is pointed out that at least since 2012 China has been pursuing an assertive and active foreign policy. Due to the importance of the Belt and Road Initiative project and also the 16 + 1 cooperation in the Central and Eastern Europe region, it is worth analyzing what the perception of China in this region is on the example of Poland. The study attempts to answer the question of how the increase in China’s importance and its international engagement are perceived in Poland. The analysis of Polish papers published in 2003–2017 shows, and this is an argument, that Polish researchers more frequently present China in the categories of a threat and apply research terminology and tools within the realistic theory of international relations and this image is being reinforced, especially after 2013. The analytical framework of “China as a threat” and “China as an opportunity” occurring frequently in research is placed in this paper in theories of international relations.

Terminology for bladder health research in women and girls: Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms transdisciplinary consortium definitions.

To report research terminology and definitions for describing healthy bladder function among women and girls. The Prevention of Lower Urinary tract Symptoms (PLUS) Consortium developed research terminology and definitions for elements of healthy bladder function based on existing understanding of storage and emptying functions of the bladder and accepted definitions of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The novel concept of a bladder "bioregulatory" function was also proposed. Elements of bladder function corresponding to bladder health (BH) and LUTS were developed and refined using an iterative process. A comprehensive reference table structured by bladder function (Storage, Emptying, and Bioregulatory) and elements of each function was created to document proposed research terminology and definitions. The BH research definitions for each bladder function are: (1) Storage: the ability to hold urine for a reasonable duration of time and sense bladder fullness without fear of or concern about urgency, discomfort or leakage; (2) Emptying: the ability to empty the bladder completely in a timely, efficient, effortless, comfortable manner; and (3) Bioregulatory: the bladder barrier protects the individual/host from pathogens, chemicals, and malignancy. Research definitions for seven Storage, seven Emptying, and three Bioregulatory elements of function are presented. Novel LUTS research definitions were developed when gaps in existing definitions were identified or nonclinical language was desired. PLUS BH definitions reflect a transdisciplinary approach to standardizing research definitions for elements of bladder function from a perspective of health rather than dysfunction and provide a framework for studying BH in clinical practice, public health promotion, and LUTS prevention.

Military vocabulary in the translation of J. Littell’s novel Les Bienveillantes (The Kindly Ones) into slovene: between tradition and innovation

Military vocabulary and the vocabulary of war are part of specialized as well as general lexicon. Such language was present in Slovene even before the creation of the Slovene army in 1991. In this context the systematic development of military terminology was left to enthusiastic individuals. Due to the lack of terminological reference works, the creation of military vocabulary was in the hands of people who experienced military service and war, as well as writers and translators. But can literature present a reliable source for terminological research? We also try to answer this question.Our research is focused on the lexis concerning war, the denomination of military functions and ideologies in the context of the Second World War as they appear in the French original and Slovene translation of Bienveillantes (The Kindly Ones) by J. Littell (2006, 2010). Its war lexis is compared to that of some Slovene original works and translations concerning the Second World War. In addition, the monolingual corpus Gigafida is taken into account and the question of the (in)stability of prescriptive norms of Slovene is discussed.

Comparative Analysis of Supporting Small and Medium Enterprises for Enhancing Created Added Value in the EU and China

Considering that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a significant role in the economy of country and taking into account the changes in the modern world economy, we investigated the problem of increasing the SMEs’ contribution into national economy by using new opportunities of business environment. The problem can be solved through the participation of SMEs in the links of the global value chain with high added value. However, it is necessary to find new instruments for SMEs’ support. The study is aimed at discovering relevant SMEs support tools focused on increasing the added value. The research is based on content and comparative analysis of the European Union and China experience using the material from the European Commission reports, national programs of European countries and China. The research terminology and analysis algorithm were refined. The set of new tools of SMEs support is presented in the context of groups and national characteristics. In European countries non-financial tools dominate among state support forms. They include creating special niches for small enterprises in the global value chain and giving SMEs access to the national supply base. In China non-state support forms dominate with a larger share of financial tools, including the provision of resources by participants of the value chains within regional integration associations, by financial units of large companies. The research results are addressed to the representatives of SMEs, large companies, public authorities.

Иноязычные вкрапления как этнографические термины в литературе о Крайнем Северо-Востоке (на материале монографии В. Г. Богораза-Тана «Чукчи»)

The article is devoted to borrowings from the Chukchi language, which are used as terms in ethnographic studies. The question of inclusion of foreign language inclusions in the descriptions of aborigines of the North of the 18 th - 19 th centuries is considered. It is shown that in the first works for the reconstruction of ethnic and cultural features of Chukchi the words known to the Russian language were used ( nachalnik , glava , kupecheskoye sosloviye etc.), which could not convey the specifics of social relations in a foreign ethnic environment, as well as - less - dialect words, prevailing in Russian dialects in the Far North-East ( kuhlyanka ). It is revealed that the reflection of culturally marked concepts with the help of foreign language inclusions in the texts of historical and ethnographic descriptions was developed in the 19 th century. The article pays special attention to the monograph of V. G. Bogoraz “Chukchi,” in which the scientist used the knowledge of the Chukchi language for the introduction of words with national-cultural component, which have no equivalents in the Russian language. It is noted that linguistic competence and serious study of material and spiritual culture of Chukchi allowed V. G. Bogoraz to attract a large number of terms that reflect the specific aspects of the life of this people: the relationship with neighboring tribes, family structure, social differentiation, etc. As examples, foreign-language inclusions from V. G. Bogoraz’s “Chukchi” are given. It is shown that the tradition of using Chukchi terminology in scientific research was continued by ethnographers in the 20 th century (I. S. Vdovin, A. A. Leontyev, etc.), it is preserved in modern encyclopedic publications devoted to the peoples of the North-East of Siberia.

ЛЕКСИКО-СЕМАНТИЧНА ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ Й СТРУКТУРА МЕДИЧНИХ ТЕРМІНІВ

У статті представлено огляд наукової літератури, присвяченої вивченню сучасного стану дослідження медичної термінології в лінгвістичній науці. Окреслено актуальність студіювання окремих аспектів зазначеної проблеми, їх перспективність та значущість. Під медичною термінологією розуміємо систему лексем, яка використовується для точного опису людського організму, включаючи його компоненти, процеси, умови, що впливають на нього, та процедури, що виконуються на ньому. Джерельною базою дослідження слугували англійські медичні терміни. У науковій студії проаналізовано принципи організації англійської медичної термінології на лексико-семантичному рівні, зокрема розглянуто синонімію й антонімію. Зіставлено медичні терміни англійської та української мов. Наголошено на моносемантичній основі терміна. Зазначено, що синонімія активніше представлена серед медичних термінів, ніж антономія. Простежено закономірності цих процесів в обох мовах. Розкрито зміст абревіацій медичних термінів, наведено синоніми абревіатур в англійській та українській мовах. Встановлено та схарактеризовано домінантні спільні й відмінні риси медичної термінології української та англійської мов на морфемному рівні. Узагальнено джерела творення медичних термінів, зокрема розглянуто афікси з етимологічної позиції. Схарактеризовано найбільш продуктивні афікси, які беруть участь у словотворенні. До них належать -er, -ing, -y – для іменників; -y – для прикметників. Серед запозичених суфіксів із латинської й грецької мов є -able, -tion, -or, -ous, -ment. Зауважимо, що афіксація в англійській та українській мовах відрізняється і має свої закони. Звичайно, можна простежити окремі закономірності творення слів, як-от: кожна частина мови має свої продуктивні афікси. Підтверджено важливість досліджуваної теми в опануванні фахової термінології.