Plant Tissue Culture Research Research Articles

Leveraging machine learning to unravel the impact of cadmium stress on goji berry micropropagation.

This study investigates the influence of cadmium (Cd) stress on the micropropagation of Goji Berry (Lycium barbarum L.) across three distinct genotypes (ERU, NQ1, NQ7), employing an array of machine learning (ML) algorithms, including Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Gaussian Process (GP), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). The primary motivation is to elucidate genotype-specific responses to Cd stress, which poses significant challenges to agricultural productivity and food safety due to its toxicity. By analyzing the impacts of varying Cd concentrations on plant growth parameters such as proliferation, shoot and root lengths, and root numbers, we aim to develop predictive models that can optimize plant growth under adverse conditions. The ML models revealed complex relationships between Cd exposure and plant physiological changes, with MLP and RF models showing remarkable prediction accuracy (R2 values up to 0.98). Our findings contribute to understanding plant responses to heavy metal stress and offer practical applications in mitigating such stress in plants, demonstrating the potential of ML approaches in advancing plant tissue culture research and sustainable agricultural practices.

An overview of plant tissue culture research trends at Areka Agricultural Research Center, Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia 2016-2019

Plant tissue culture techniques have encountered a lot of obstacles and breakthroughs as a life-giving technology in numerous field of biotechnology research. Tissue culture technology has evolved throughout times in the world, from shoot tip culture to variety creation. Plant tissue culture may be thought of as a collection of techniques/methodologies that make uses distinct rooms and essential facilities.
 The Areka tissue culture research laboratory was established with the aim of conducting comprehensive plant biotechnology researches. However, numerous challenges and opportunities have arisen in the course of attempting to conduct tissue culture experiments in the lab. In fact, the lab highlighted several accomplishments in a few key areas while also tracking improvement over time. Therefore, this walk-through review offers an overall picture of the lab in relation to the research plans, status, and trends. As a result, contribute to the provision of baseline information for future study advancement.

Plant Tissue Culture Research and Development in Ethiopia: A Case Study on Current Status, Opportunities, and Challenges

Plant tissue culture (PTC) is one of the well-adapted and practiced biotechnology tools in Ethiopia. After the initial success of tissue culture at the Ethiopian Institute of Agriculture Research and Addis Ababa University, the technology spread its roots to most of the research institutes and universities across the country. Consequently, the technology continues to extend at the commercial level. However, there is a lack of information at the national level on the capacity of national institutes in terms of available infrastructure and skilled human power, the potential of the laboratories for tissue culture-related activities, and existing challenges that hinder tissue culture research and development. This study aimed to assess the status of tissue culture research and development in Ethiopia and identify gaps that hinder its application in various economic sectors. The primary data were collected from 19 tissue culture laboratories across the country using questionnaires and physical observation. Accordingly, the results of the study revealed that Jimma Agricultural Research Center from the federal research institute and Amhara Regional Agriculture Research Institute, Bahir Dar Laboratory, from the regional research institute are relatively well equipped with facilities and equipment for tissue culture R&D activities. Among the commercial laboratories, Tigray Biotechnology Center is well equipped and has the highest production capacity with 40 million seedlings per year. Besides, the assessment revealed that a total of 54 plant species have been under in vitro protocol optimization and development process across all PTC laboratories. Nevertheless, tissue culture application in public and private sectors in Ethiopia is limited by several technical, administrative, and financial constraints. Therefore, to exploit the maximum benefit of PTC technology in the existing facilities, further intervention is critical in solving the identified challenges.

Digital Photography as a Tool of Research and Documentation in Plant Tissue Culture.

Scientific photography is an important and indispensable tool in plant tissue culture research: photographs should be taken throughout a project for documentation. The aim of photography in plant tissue culture should be to illustrate clearly the differentiation, growth, and developmental stages occurring in vitro. Poor-quality scientific photography in tissue culture research and professional reports results in poor documentation. If visual aspects of the tissue culture are not well documented or not well reproduced in the image, an important part of the research is missed, the resulting report is of limited scientific value, and the research results may not be reproducible. Simple methods for improving the results of photography of materials from plant tissue culture are described and discussed, along with the necessary photographic equipment, suitable backgrounds, the construction of photographic plates, and correct use of electronic files for images. Finally, ethical concerns about image manipulation are discussed.

Bacterial contamination of in vitro plant cultures: confounding effects on somaclonal variation and detection of contamination in plant tissues

Bacterial contamination represents a serious problem for plant tissue culture research and applications. Bacterial interference with normal plant physiology and morphology can generate misleading conclusions if the presence of bacteria is ignored. Bacterial contaminants in in vitro plant culture are typically detected by direct observation; thus, it is assumed that cultures without visible symptoms are bacteria free. Here, we demonstrate that contaminating Bacillus DNA in plant DNA solutions from asymptomatic plants can interfere with the analysis of somaclonal variation in chrysanthemum. We studied somaclonal variation in chrysanthemum using short semi-specific PCR primers based on conserved motifs in NBS–LRR disease resistance genes and in mobile elements. Instead of true somaclonal variation we found three polymorphic bands derived from contaminant bacterial DNA in plant extracts. Although the detection of asymptomatic bacteria in in vitro plant cultures is a major issue, we found that it has not been adequately addressed to date, particularly for studies on somaclonal variation. We reviewed the most commonly cited contaminant bacteria in in vitro plant culture and designed specific 16S rRNA gene-based PCR primers for the main genera causing contamination (Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, Erwinia/Enterobacter and Xanthomonas). Using a panel of pure bacterial DNAs, artificial mixes of bacterial/plant DNAs, and in vitro plant cultures with and without visible contamination we demonstrated that our primers are in most instances both reliable and sensitive, and appropriate for the identification and tracking of the most frequent bacterial contaminants in plant in vitro cultures. Implications of bacterial identification to molecular analysis of somaclonal variation and plant culture decontamination are discussed.

Plant Thin Cell Layers: A 40-Year Celebration

The concept of a thin cell layer (TCL) was initially presented by Tran Thanh Van in two key papers exactly 40 years ago. At that time, Nicotiana tabacum was the model plant used to establish three main pathways for de novo organogenesis by developing a flower, vegetative bud, and root “programme” from pedicel tissue. Over the last 40 years, a wealth of research in plant tissue culture based on TCLs has emerged, fortifying the importance of this very simple technique, and highlighting its fundamental importance as a key tool in plant cell and tissue differentiation as well as organ development. This review not only highlights the achievements made using TCLs in the plant kingdom over these 40 years, it also reports on the success of this technique in ornamentals, fruit and forestry species, vegetables, and medicinal plants. There is overwhelming evidence of the importance of this technique for plant biotechnology, and it provides one solution for the mass clonal propagation of plants, use in bioreactors, genetic transformation, or micropropagation.

Phloroglucinol in plant tissue culture

In plant tissue culture research, there is a constant need to search for novel substances that could result in better or more efficient growth in vitro. A relatively unknown compound, phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene), which is a degradation product of phloridzin, has growth-promoting properties. Phloroglucinol increases shoot formation and somatic embryogenesis in several horticultural and grain crops. When added to rooting media together with auxin, phloroglucinol further stimulates rooting, most likely because phloroglucinol and its homologues act as auxin synergists or auxin protectors. Of particular interest is the ability of phloroglucinol—a precursor in the lignin biosynthesis pathway—to effectively control hyperhydricity through the process of lignification, thus maximizing the multiplication rate of woody species and other species that are difficult to propagate. Phloroglucinol has also been used to improve the recovery of cryopreserved Dendrobium protocorms, increasing the potential of cryopreservation for application in ornamental biotechnology. Phloroglucinol demonstrates both cytokinin-like and auxin-like activity, much like thidiazuron, and thus has considerable potential for application in a wide range of plant tissue culture studies.

ORNAMENTAL PLANT TISSUE CULTURE INDUSTRY IN FLANDERS (BELGIUM)

Plant tissue culture research for ornamental plants in Belgium started in the early 1970s. Ghent University’s Department of Plant Production was an important player and drove the creation of spin-off companies in the 1980s. These companies started to micropropagate high value plants on a commercial scale. Plant tissue culture has remained an important economic activity, with medium to large companies located mainly in Flanders (northern Belgium). Today, most companies have outsourced the labour intensive aspects of micropropagation while maintaining the administrative headquarters and research activities within Flanders. Here we describe some historical aspects of plant tissue culture in Belgium and present the state of the art of micropropagation industry in Flanders. We also summarise the plant tissue culture research activities at universities and research stations.

In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of root extract of tissue cultured Pluchea indica (L.) Less.

SUMMARY The methanolic root extract of tissue cultured Pluchea indica (L.) Less. was tested for itsantibacterial potentiality against 102 different strains of bacteria belonging to both Gram positiveand Gram negative groups. The bacteria could be arranged according to their decreasing order ofsensitivity as follows: Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, Bacillus spp. Vibrio parahaemolyticus,shigellae, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli. The extract was found to be bacteriostatic in natureagainst Salmonella typhimurium NCTC 74. When administered to Swiss strain of white mice at thedoses of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg body weight, the extract could significantly protect the animalschallenged with 50 MLD of S. typhimurium NCTC 74. According to the chi-square test, the in vivodata is highly significant (P < 0.001).Key words: Tissue cultured; Pluchea indica; Root; Antibacterial; Salmonella typhimurium NCTC 74 INTRODUCTION One of the major achievements of medical sciencehas been the control and management of infectiousdiseases. For a long period of time, plants havebeen a valuable source of natural products formaintaining human health, especially in the lastdecade, with more intensive studies for naturaltherapies. Thus plants should be thoroughlyinvestigated to better understand their properties,safety and efficiency. Again plant tissue cultureresearch is multi-dimensional and activities oftissue-cultured plants, if proven would no doubtrevolutionize medicinal plant research. The mainobjective of this study is to evaluate the in vitro andin vivo antibacterial activities of tissue culturedPluchea indica root extract against different bacterialvirulent stains including Salmonella typhimuriumNCTC 74. The plant Pluchea indica (L.) Less. (Family:Asteraceae) is an evergreen large shrub foundabundantly in salt marshes and mangrove swampsin Sunderbans (India), Bangladesh, Myanmar,China, Philippines, Malaysia, Tropical Asia andAustralia. In Indo-China the roots in decoctionprescribed in fevers as a diaphoretic and aninfusion of the leaves is given internally inlumbago (Kirtikar and Basu, 1999). The root andleaves are used in some area as astringent andantipyretics (Kirtikar and Basu, 1999). The plant isalso known to be used in rheumatoid arthritis(Chatterjee, 1996). Root extract has also beenevaluated for (Sen et al., 1991), antiulcer (Sen et al.,1993), and neuropharmacological (Thongpraditchote

Incomplete block design in plant tissue culture research

Most experiments in tissue culture employ either completely randomized or randomized complete block designs. The ability of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) leaf halves and segments from individual leaves of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev.) to respond similarly in vitro to identical treatments allows application of an alternative experimental design based on blocking by leaf. Incomplete block designs conserve experimental materials and reduce labor while maintaining the statistical power and efficiency of more conventional designs. They also allow combination with nesting (hierarchal designs) to monitor different sources of variability or with factorial studies. Application of incomplete block designs for orchardgrass (somatic embryogenesis) and chrysanthemum (shoot organogenesis) leaf cultures are presented.

植物組織培養研究における単位表記

植物組織培養研究における単位表記

Analysing treatment means in plant tissue culture research

Many researchers set up an experiment, make measurements, do an analysis of variance, calculate the mean response for each treatment, and then try to decide if the treatment means are significantly different and why. Much too frequently, Duncan's multiple range test is used to test differences among means. It is only one of a number of techniques that can be used to examine treatment means. Some researchers are unaware of the different techniques and that the interpretation of the results of an experiment is strongly influenced by the technique used i.e. using two different techniques might produce two different interpretations of the results. Selection of the appropriate technique to use for a particular experiment depends upon the nature of the treatments and the objectives of the research. This paper discusses four techniques (ranking treatment means, multiple comparison procedures, fitting response models, and using contrasts to make planned comparisons) that can be used to examine treatment means and presents examples of the use of each one for plant tissue culture research.

Biological and Biochemical Effects of Cytokinin-active Phenylurea Derivatives in Tissue Culture Systems

Abstract Plant growth regulator studies and plant tissue culture research have been closely related and mutually supportive. The manipulation of plant cells, tissues, and organs in culture, with important applications in propagation and genetic modification of plants, is highly dependent on the use of appropriate growth regulator regimes. Conversely, tissue culture systems are useful as bioassays to define the growth-regulating activity of many compounds. The discovery of the cytokinin N-(2-furanylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (kinetin) by Miller et al. (17) was particularly relevant in this respect. Whereas the testing of this cytokinin and its structural analogues for biological activity was dependent on callus culture bioassays, the subsequent availability of synthetic cytokinins created many new opportunities in the field of plant tissue culture.

Suspension cultures of higher plant cells in synthetic media

The cultivation of cells from higher plants is a technical advance in plant tissue culture research which opens new avenues of investigation into cellular and physiological problems. Successful culture of higher plant cells as suspensions in liquid media of complex constitution has been reported by several research groups. Isolated cells or cell suspensions produced in culture have been used in a variety of problems, including the study of cell division [Muir et al, (9, 10); deRopp (5); Torrey (18); Steward et al, (16); Braun, (4) ; Jones et al, (7)], susceptibility of tissues to virus infection [Hildebrandt, (6) ; Bergmann, (2)], cellular differentiation [Steward et al, (15); Reinert, (12)], the production of cell metabolites [Tulecke & Nickell, (21)]. Still many problems remain untouched. The production of cell suspensions has been achieved to date only with complex nutrients such as coconut milk, yeast extract, or other complex media, which limit the usefulness of the technique, especially where analysis of chemical changes is desired. Our purpose is to report relatively simple techniques devised to allow the cultivation of large numbers of isolated viable cells in suspension under defined nutrient and cultural conditions. We give an account of the course of development of liquid cultures with respect to increases in fresh weight and numbers of cells in suspension.