Mental Retardation Research Research Articles

Current issues in applied research with mentally retarded persons.

There has been an increasing concern on the part of the courts and certain professional and citizen advocacy groups with protecting the rights of those mentally retarded persons who participate in research. The present article discusses some of the issues raised by current court-mandated policies and by various professional groups regarding research ethics and practices, and their implications for the conduct of applied mental retardation research.

Mental Retardation Research, Ecological Validity, and the Delivery of Longitudinal Education Programs

The paper discusses the schism that has developed between mental retardation research and the programmatic reform activities taking place in the educational and residential sectors. Principles for conducting more ecologically valid research are advanced to end this separation between fields and to improve the scientific status of mental retardation research. It is suggested that the researcher redefine his/her professional role to a more collaborative one with the staff of the research site. Finally, two examples are presented where ecologically valid research could be fruitfully generated.

International Review of Research in Mental Retardation, Vol. 9

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article ArticleNo AccessInternational Review of Research in Mental Retardation, Vol. 9NORMAN R. BERNSTEINNORMAN R. BERNSTEINSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:1 Apr 2006https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.136.3.365-aAboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail "International Review of Research in Mental Retardation, Vol. 9." American Journal of Psychiatry, 136(3), pp. 365-a–366 Access content To read the fulltext, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access. Personal login Institutional Login Sign in via OpenAthens Purchase Save for later Item saved, go to cart PPV Articles - American Journal of Psychiatry $35.00 Add to cart PPV Articles - American Journal of Psychiatry Checkout Please login/register if you wish to pair your device and check access availability. Not a subscriber? Subscribe Now / Learn More PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5 library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development. Need more help? PsychiatryOnline Customer Service may be reached by emailing [email protected] or by calling 800-368-5777 (in the U.S.) or 703-907-7322 (outside the U.S.). FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited byNone Volume 136Issue 3 March 1979Pages 365-a-366 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 April 2006 Published in print 1 March 1979

Finding the Common Denominator: A Phenomenological Critique of Life History Method

EthosVolume 7, Issue 1 p. 68-94 Free Access Finding the Common Denominator: A Phenomenological Critique of Life History Method Gelya Frank, Gelya Frank Gelya Frank is Staff Research Associate, Socio-Behavioral Group, Mental Retardation Research Center, School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesSearch for more papers by this author Gelya Frank, Gelya Frank Gelya Frank is Staff Research Associate, Socio-Behavioral Group, Mental Retardation Research Center, School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesSearch for more papers by this author First published: Spring 1979 https://doi.org/10.1525/eth.1979.7.1.02a00050Citations: 43 Preparation of this paper was made possible by the Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles (HEW Grant HD-04612-05). I want to thank Dr. L. L. Langness and Dr. Michael Moerman, of the Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, and Dr. Eiichi Shimomissé, of the Department of Philosophy, California State University, Dominguez Hill, for their generous encouragement and assistance. AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume7, Issue1Spring 1979Pages 68-94 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Synthesis of glycosphingolipids in mouse glial tumors.

Journal of NeurochemistryVolume 32, Issue 2 p. 637-641 Synthesis of glycosphingolipids in mouse glial tumors1 Allen C. Stoolmiller, Allen C. Stoolmiller Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Mental Retardation Research Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Il 60637, U.S.A. Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center for Mental Retardation, 200 Trapelo Road, Waltham, MA 02154, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this authorGlyn Dawson, Glyn Dawson Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Mental Retardation Research Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Il 60637, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this authorStephen F. Kemp, Stephen F. Kemp Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Mental Retardation Research Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Il 60637, U.S.A. Department Of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this authorMelitta Schachner, Melitta Schachner Department of Neurosciences, Children's Hospital Medical Center Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A Department Of Neurobiology, University Of Eidelberg, 69 Heidelberg, West Germany.Search for more papers by this author Allen C. Stoolmiller, Allen C. Stoolmiller Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Mental Retardation Research Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Il 60637, U.S.A. Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center for Mental Retardation, 200 Trapelo Road, Waltham, MA 02154, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this authorGlyn Dawson, Glyn Dawson Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Mental Retardation Research Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Il 60637, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this authorStephen F. Kemp, Stephen F. Kemp Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Mental Retardation Research Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Il 60637, U.S.A. Department Of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this authorMelitta Schachner, Melitta Schachner Department of Neurosciences, Children's Hospital Medical Center Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A Department Of Neurobiology, University Of Eidelberg, 69 Heidelberg, West Germany.Search for more papers by this author First published: February 1979 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1979.tb00397.xCitations: 16 1 Portions of this work were presented at the 6th annual meeting of the american society for neurochemistry. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume32, Issue2February 1979Pages 637-641 RelatedInformation

Input capability and speed of processing in mental retardation.

The minimum stimulus duration for criterion accuracy and the minimum interval between presentation of a test and presentation of a masking stimulus for criterion accuracy were determined for mildly and moderately retarded adults and normal controls of the same mental and chronological age. The procedure was replicated three times in three separate sessions. Results indicated that both retarded groups required longer stimulus durations as well as longer masking intervals for criterion accuracy than did both the mental age and the chronological age control groups. Results were interpreted as consistent with deficiencies in both iconic storage and speed of information processing in mental retardation. These deficiencies, furthermore, cannot be accounted for on the basis of low mental age. Information processing theory, which assumes human behavior can be analyzed in terms of discrete stages or processes, has opened new avenues of research in psychopathology. In viewing a response as only the end product of a series of processes, it becomes possible to specify the correlates of observed performance deficits more accurately than could otherwise be done. In mental retardation research, for example, considerable controversy has centered around the underlying source of performance deficits related to visual information processing (see Spitz, 1973). One major issue concerns whether observed differences between retarded and nonretarded persons on tasks related to visual processing can be explained solely on the basis of low mental age in the retarded persons (e.g., Galbraith & Gliddon, 1972; Spitz & Thor, 1968; Thor, 1970; Welsandt & Meyer, 1974). Another major unresolved issue concerns which stage or stages of processing are most impaired in retarded persons. Libkuman and Friedrich (1972) spoke of limitations in brief perceptual memory or, as Neisser (1967) called it, iconic

Learning theory research in mental retardation. Implications for teaching. by Cecil D. Mercer and Martha E. Snell (Merrill, 1977, pp.330, distributed in Australia by Bell and Howell Aust. Pty. Ltd.

Learning theory research in mental retardation. Implications for teaching. by Cecil D. Mercer and Martha E. Snell (Merrill, 1977, pp.330, distributed in Australia by Bell and Howell Aust. Pty. Ltd.

Review of International review of research in mental retardation, Vol 9.

Review of International review of research in mental retardation, Vol 9.

A survey of tardive dyskinesia in psychiatric outpatients

The authors found a high prevalence--43.4% of tardive dyskinesia in a sample of psychiatric outpatients, a population previously thought to be at nominal risk for development of this syndrome. There was no significant relationship between the presence of dyskinesia and age, sex, years of neuroleptic use, or various organic factors. The effects of dentures and of drug combinations are discussed, and it is noted that structured scales of dyskinesia and videotope recordings are important tools in diagnosing and following the course of dyskinesia.

Dealing with Retardation: The Mentally Retarded and Society . A Social Science Perspective. Proceedings of a conference, Niles, Mich., April 1974. Michael J. Begab and Stephen A. Richardson, Eds. University Park Press, Baltimore, 1975. xx, 492 pp. $17.50. NICHD Mental Retardation Research Center Series.

Dealing with Retardation: <i>The Mentally Retarded and Society</i> . A Social Science Perspective. Proceedings of a conference, Niles, Mich., April 1974. Michael J. Begab and Stephen A. Richardson, Eds. University Park Press, Baltimore, 1975. xx, 492 pp. $17.50. NICHD Mental Retardation Research Center Series.

Review of International review of research in mental retardation, Vol. 8.

Review of International review of research in mental retardation, Vol. 8.

The syndrome of autism: a critical review.

The authors review the clinical features and behavioral characteristics of autism; differential diagnosis of the syndrome; clinical, neurophysiological, and biochemical research; and its medical management and treatment. They conclude that autism is a behaviorally defined, specific syndrome that is manifested at birth or shortly thereafter. Its symptoms are expressive of an underlying neuropathophysiological process that affects developmental rate; modulation of perception; language, cognitive, and intellectual development; and the ability to relate. The long-term prognosis is guarded; almost all patients manifest severe symptomatology throughout their lives. Further basic research into the neuropathophysiological process underlying the syndrome is necessary in order to reach the ultimate goal of developing etiologically specific treatment programs.

THE EFFECTS OF GUTTMAN WEIGHTS ON THE RELIABILITY AND PREDICTIVE VALIDITY OF OBJECTIVE TESTS WHEN OMISSIONS ARE NOT DIFFERENTIALLY WEIGHTED

Journal of Educational MeasurementVolume 12, Issue 3 p. 179-185 THE EFFECTS OF GUTTMAN WEIGHTS ON THE RELIABILITY AND PREDICTIVE VALIDITY OF OBJECTIVE TESTS WHEN OMISSIONS ARE NOT DIFFERENTIALLY WEIGHTED PAUL RAFFELD, Corresponding Author PAUL RAFFELD University of OregonRAFFELD, PAUL. Address. Rehabilitation Research and Training Center in Mental Retardation, College of Education, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403. Title. Research Associate. Degrees: B.A. University of California, Los Angeles, M.A. California State University at Long Beach, Ph.D. University of Oregon. Specialization: Psychometric theory, computer scienceSearch for more papers by this author PAUL RAFFELD, Corresponding Author PAUL RAFFELD University of OregonRAFFELD, PAUL. Address. Rehabilitation Research and Training Center in Mental Retardation, College of Education, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403. Title. Research Associate. Degrees: B.A. University of California, Los Angeles, M.A. California State University at Long Beach, Ph.D. University of Oregon. Specialization: Psychometric theory, computer scienceSearch for more papers by this author First published: September 1975 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3984.1975.tb01020.xCitations: 6AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume12, Issue3September 1975Pages 179-185 RelatedInformation

Teacher attitudes and the labeling process.

This study tested three assumptions which appear to underlie the decision making process that permits the systematic labeling of the so called six hour retarded child. Subjects were 36 randomly selected teacher clusters (8 teachers per cluster) in the field-test network of the Curriculum Research and Development Center in Mental Retardation (Yeshiva University). Each cluster was randomly assigned one of nine hypothetical but realistic profiles of students. Teachers were then asked to evaluate the adaptiveness of the child and the appropriateness of a mental retardation label. The results support the notion that teachers' labeling decisions tend to be biased against the lower socioeconomic levels and thus contribute to the inappropriate labeling of these children.

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Nutrition, the Nervous System, and Behaviour. Proceedings of the Seminar on Malnutrition in Early Life and Subsequent Mental Development, Mona, Jamaica, January 10–14, 1972. Teaching Educable Mentally Retarded Children: Methods and Materials. By James C. Mainford and Harold D. Love. The Mentally Subnormal. Social Work Approaches. Edited by Margaret Adams and Howard Lovejoy. Drama and Movement in Therapy. By Audrey C. Wethered. Education and the Severely Handicapped Child. By Peter Cummings. A Language Program for the Non‐language Child. By B. B. Cray and B. P. Ryan. Assessment for Learning in the Mentally Handicapped. Institute for Research in Mental Retardation. Study Group No. 5. Edited by Peter Mittler. The Young Retarded Child—Medical Aspects of Care. Edited by Margaret I. Criffiths. The Forgotten Ones. A Sociological Study of Anglo and Chicano Retardates. By Anne‐Marie Henshel.

A Study of the Social Functioning of Institutionalized Mentally Retarded “CRIB” Patients

Introduction It is the belief of many authorities that three out of every one hundred children are born mentally retarded.1 This statistic alone provides strong reason to conduct research in the field of mental retardation. Research that has been done in this field has been concentrated on medical and psychological phenomena such as chromosone and metabolic processes, muscular-neurological skill development, and intellectual functioning associated with retardation. The arena of social research in mental retardation is still open for much pioneer study. The need for social research is particularly dire in the area of the more severe cases of retardation involving non-ambulation. These cases are professionally referred to as cases and require full-time nursing care for their daily physical functioning. These patients, however, are too often collectively written off by the removed and sometimes the not-so-removed lay public as vegetable cases. In view of this paucity of social research and the prevalence of myths concerning the potential social functioning of crib patients, I chose to investigate whether social groups exist among institutionalized mentally retarded patients on a crib ward, and if they exist, to further explore the contributing and inhibiting factors associated with their existence.2

Review of International Review of Research in Mental Retardation, Vol. 5.

Review of International Review of Research in Mental Retardation, Vol. 5.

Review of International Review of Research in Mental Retardation. Vol. 4.

Review of International Review of Research in Mental Retardation. Vol. 4.

Child Care in Health and Disease

This book records a symposium celebrating the dedication of the Wyler Children's Hospital and the Kennedy Mental Retardation Research Center at the University of Chicago in the late summer of 1966. The contributors are internationally renowned experts from many different countries and the topics are diverse, ranging from general aspects of child care in developing countries to the mapping of gene loci on the X chromosome. At first sight one might have doubts about the wisdom of accumulating such varied subject matter in a single book, particularly one with this title, which is neither a text nor a "Recent Advances," since almost all the scientific content has already been published, some of it a good many years ago. However, as one of the contributors, Andrea Prader, says, pediatrics has now become so subspecialized that there is a danger of losing sight of the child as a whole. It is only

International Review of Research in Mental Retardation. Vol. 2

International Review of Research in Mental Retardation. Vol. 2