Research Framework Research Articles

ОРТАҒАСЫРЛЫҚ АҚТӨБЕ (БАЛАСАҒҰН) ҚАЛАСЫ АУМАҒЫНДАҒЫ ЖҮРГІЗІЛГЕН АРХЕОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ ЗЕРТТЕУ ЖҰМЫСТАРЫНЫҢ МАҢЫЗЫ

In the history of the Kazakh steppe, many hills and urban settlements have been studied. As evidence, we can talk about the early medieval city of Aktobe (Balasagun), which is located on the Shu River, belonging to the territory of the Zhambyl region. The article examines it within the framework of research conducted in the early medieval city of Aktobe (Balasagun), which was the center of the Karakhan state, the capital of the Karakhan era, which was of great importance in history. The fact that on our vast land there are ancient cities, inherited from our ancestors, possessing unique luxury, is already quite known to Kazakh society today. Really, by excavating and exploring the territories in which such historical complexes are located, we can obtain new data and information of great historical and archaeological significance, providing unique information about the society in which our ancestors lived. In history, there were scientists who hastily declared the city of Akbeshim located in Kyrgyzstan as the city of Balasagun. Such a controversial issue requires accurate data and consistent research. There are similarities and differences in the medieval cities along the Silk Road. The central part, consisting of castles and shakhristan, built by local townspeople, is of particular interest to archaeological researchers. The length of collapsed piles in the central part of cities here ranges from three kilometers to tens of kilometers or more. It describes the unique features of each city. Medieval cities were also divided into groups according to importance.

Imprinting and Workplace Well-Being among Generation Z Hotel Employees

This study investigated the dynamic imprinting processes that shape Generation Z hotel employees’ workplace well-being. An integrated research framework was built based on the insights of imprinting theory and positive psychology. Photo-elicitation interviews and narrative analysis were used as the key research techniques. Findings illuminate the dynamic processes of imprinting among Generation Z hotel employees, encompassing the formation, evolution, and outcomes of imprints which are originated from the employees’ childhood and adolescence. Six dimensions of workplace well-being, including self-drive, personalization, responsibility, tolerance, realization, and identification, are identified. The multi-dimensional workplace well-being emerges through the ongoing melting, regeneration, and manifestation of different kinds of imprints. This study offers theoretical contributions to imprinting theory, positive psychology, and employees’ wellbeing research. Practical implications are provided to attract and motivate young employees in the hotel industry.

Implications of Identity in AI: Creators, Creations, and Consequences

The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly advancing, with significant potential to transform society. However, it faces a notable challenge: lack of diversity, a longstanding issue in STEM fields. In this context, this position paper examines the intersection of AI and identity as a pathway to understanding biases, inequalities, and ethical considerations in AI development and deployment. We present a multifaceted definition of AI identity, which encompasses its creators, applications, and their broader impacts. Understanding AI's identity involves analyzing the diverse individuals involved in AI's development, the technologies produced, and the social, ethical, and psychological implications. After exploring the AI identity ecosystem and its societal dynamics, We propose a framework that highlights the need for diversity in AI across three dimensions: Creators, Creations, and Consequences through the lens of identity. This paper presents a research framework for examining the implications and changes needed to foster a more inclusive and responsible AI ecosystem through the lens of identity.

Determinants of appropriate antibiotic and NSAID prescribing in unscheduled outpatient settings in the veterans health administration

BackgroundDespite efforts to enhance the quality of medication prescribing in outpatient settings, potentially inappropriate prescribing remains common, particularly in unscheduled settings where patients can present with infectious and pain-related complaints. Two of the most commonly prescribed medication classes in outpatient settings with frequent rates of potentially inappropriate prescribing include antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In the setting of persistent inappropriate prescribing, we sought to understand a diverse set of perspectives on the determinants of inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics and NSAIDs in the Veterans Health Administration.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and Theory of Planned Behavior. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with clinicians, stakeholders, and Veterans from March 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021 within the Veteran Affairs Health System in unscheduled outpatient settings at the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System. Stakeholders included clinical operations leadership and methodological experts. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and de-identified. Data coding and analysis were conducted by experienced qualitative methodologists adhering to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies guidelines. Analysis was conducted using an iterative inductive/deductive process.ResultsWe conducted semi-structured interviews with 66 participants: clinicians (N = 25), stakeholders (N = 24), and Veterans (N = 17). We identified six themes contributing to potentially inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics and NSAIDs: 1) Perceived versus actual Veterans expectations about prescribing; 2) the influence of a time-pressured clinical environment on prescribing stewardship; 3) Limited clinician knowledge, awareness, and willingness to use evidence-based care; 4) Prescriber uncertainties about the Veteran condition at the time of the clinical encounter; 5) Limited communication; and 6) Technology barriers of the electronic health record and patient portal.ConclusionsThe diverse perspectives on prescribing underscore the need for interventions that recognize the detrimental impact of high workload on prescribing stewardship and the need to design interventions with the end-user in mind. This study revealed actionable themes that could be addressed to improve guideline concordant prescribing to enhance the quality of prescribing and to reduce patient harm.

A qualitative exploration of professionals' perspectives on the implementation of reablement intervention programs in community care.

Reablement is considered a complex intervention due to its multicomponent, person-centered, holistic approach promoting older adults' active participation in daily activities. It is important to consider the unique context in which complex interventions are implemented, as contextual factors may interact and influence implementation outcomes. As part of the European TRANS-SENIOR project, this qualitative study aimed to gain insight into professionals' experiences with reablement implementation in Dutch community care. Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, four focus groups were conducted comprising 32 professionals. Two groups were formed: one at operational level, including therapists, nursing staff, social workers, and domestic support; and one at organizational/strategic level, including project leaders, managers, directors, municipality representatives and health insurers. Participating care organizations had at least 6 months of experience with deploying and implementing reablement. Findings reflected three themes: (1) strength of interdisciplinary collaboration; highlighting significance of sharing goals and beliefs, (2) integrating the reablement philosophy into the organization; underscoring managements role in fostering support across all organizational layers, and (3) achieving a culture change in the healthcare system; emphasizing current funding models impeding value-based care tailored to the individual's goals and needs. The results offer valuable insights for implementation of complex interventions, like reablement.

Reach, Adoption, and Implementation Strategies of a Telehealth Fall Prevention Program: Perspectives From Francophone Communities Across Canada.

Introduction. A fall may impact a person's physical, emotional, and psychological well-being. Fall prevention programs are being implemented to reduce these negative outcomes. However, linguistic barriers in health services may reduce access to such prevention programs. A telehealth fall prevention program was designed to increase access to such programs in French for Francophone minority communities in Canada. This capacity-building project aimed to support community partners to deliver this telehealth program and document strategies used to reach, adopt, and implement the program within various Francophone and Acadian Minority Communities. Methods. A sequential explanatory mixed methodology was used to document reach, adoption, and implementation strategies and describe the lived experiences of program facilitators and organization representatives. Reach, adoption, and implementation were documented and analyzed descriptively, while lived experiences were analyzed using content analysis following the Consortium Framework for Implementation Research. Results. Twelve organization representatives or program facilitators from eight organizations operating in four different provinces participated in the study. Three themes emerged from the qualitative data on reach and adoption: external context, internal context, and capacity building. Four themes were identified as barriers and facilitators to implementation: level of preparation and time management, interpersonal relations and telepresence, exercise facilitation and safety, and technological problem-solving. Conclusion. Using tailored reach and adoption strategies such as prioritizing provinces with higher proportions of needs and training local community program facilitators may lead to the successful implementation of a new telehealth fall prevention program. Results from this study could potentially inform other primary prevention programs or telehealth program implementation.

Formative research to adapt a cardiac rehabilitation program to breast cancer survivors: the heart health after cancer treatment (HEART-ACT) study.

Breast cancer survivors are disproportionately at risk for cardiovascular disease; exercise-based interventions may improve cardiovascular health. The objective of this formative research is to better understand the needs of patients and barriers to participation in an adapted cardiac rehabilitation program for diverse breast cancer survivors in an urban safety net setting. We recruited 30 participants (10 English-speaking, 10 Spanish-speaking, and 10 Cantonese-speaking) who had received treatment with curative intent for breast cancer from an urban safety net hospital between November 9, 2021, to August 30, 2022. Participants completed surveys and interviews about perspectives on health behaviors and participating in an adapted cardiac rehabilitation program. Interviews were qualitatively analyzed using rapid template analysis with pre-selected constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, as well as emergent codes. We developed a Participant User Journey for a program based on responses and conducted human-centered design sessions with 8 participants to iteratively revise the Participant User Journey. Among 30 participants, mean age was 56.7 years (standard deviation [SD] 10.2) with 100% female sex assigned at birth; 1 participant withdrew before completing study procedures. Most participants had limited health literacy (18/29, 62%). Mean body mass index was 31.4 (SD 8.3), 21/29 (72%) had blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg, and 12/29 (41%) had blood pressure below 130/80. Mean 6-minute walk distance was 384.9 meters (SD 78.3). The desired benefits of a program included healthy living and prevention of cancer recurrence. Barriers to participation included motivation, social support, transportation, and concerns about exercise safety. Participants emphasized the need for practicality, such as fitting physical activity into daily life and nutrition support, including recipes and shopping lists. Trusted experts and cultural and language concordance were viewed as important aspects of the program. Through participant interviews and human-centered design sessions, we developed the HEART-ACT program, a 12-week multi-disciplinary program addressing physical activity, nutrition, emotional well-being, cardiovascular risk, survivorship, and other components if indicated (e.g., tobacco cessation). Future research will test the effects of this program on patient-centered outcomes.

Design and analysis of soft-switching and small-signal model grid-connected micro-inverter based on staggered parallel connection

Grid-connected micro-inverters, known for their straightforward wiring and operational stability, have garnered increasing interest from both industry and academia. However, the operational inefficiency of conventional inverters, the issue of distorted output waveforms, and the safety concerns with alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) safety isolation limit the wide availability and utilization of micro-inverters. In order to overcome this problem, this research proposes a circuit topology consisting of two flyback circuits connected in parallel on the primary side of the transformer for safe isolation. Additionally, soft switches are incorporated into the flyback circuit at the front stage, with a voltage total harmonic distortion (THD) of less than 3.0 %. This study also develops a small-signal model to help with obtaining the current loop parameters. Parametric design and simulation studies with PLECS software confirmed the circuit architecture and control technique's accuracy. A 600 W prototype's design, analysis, and experimental validation are described. The proposed inverter has an efficiency of up to 97.2 %. The design and control methods employed in this paper offer a conceptual framework and engineering reference for relevant research and practical applications.

Integration of Complex Mathematical Approaches and Statistical Methodologies in Machine Learning for Design of Robust Prediction Models

The disease known as breast cancer continues to be one of the most common and potentially fatal diseases that affect women all over the world. In order to provide effective therapy and more favorable outcomes for patients, early detection and correct diagnosis are absolutely necessary. This research explores the integration of operational research (OR) methodologies and advanced statistical methods within machine learning frameworks to enhance the prediction accuracy of breast cancer outcomes. By harnessing the power of nonlinear optimization and statistical techniques, including regression analysis and probability distribution models, we aim to refine the predictive capabilities of existing algorithms. The research employs a comprehensive dataset derived from clinical trials and patient records, analyzed through a series of machine learning models that incorporate elements of combinatorial optimization, decision analysis, and stochastic modeling. Key performance metrics, such as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, are evaluated against standard benchmarks to determine the efficacy of the integrated approaches. Preliminary results indicate that incorporating OR and statistical methods significantly improves model robustness and predictive accuracy. The study not only demonstrates the potential of applied mathematics in medical diagnostics but also provides a framework for future research in enhancing machine learning models for health outcomes prediction through mathematical innovations. This investigation contributes to the field of mathematical oncology by demonstrating how applied nonlinear analysis can bridge the gap between theoretical mathematical approaches and practical clinical applications, offering new pathways for early and more accurate detection of breast cancer.

Unlocking the potential of Industry 4.0 in BRICS nations: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

PurposeThis study is intended to introduce and summarise Industry 4.0 practices in BRICS nations (the abbreviation “BRICS” is made up of the first letters of the member countries: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) and determine each nation’s current contribution to Industry 4.0 practice implementation based on past literature. As the BRICS countries continue to play an essential role in the global economy, it is significant to understand Industry 4.0, focussing on these emerging economies.Design/methodology/approachTo assess the present research work on Industry 4.0 practices and research studies in BRICS nations, a systematic literature review (SLR) is performed using the articles available on the SCOPUS database. This study is a descriptive analysis based on the frequency and year of publications, the most influential universities, most influential journals and most influential articles. Similarly, this study consists of category analysis based on multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods, research design used, research method utilised, different data analysis techniques and different Industry 4.0 technologies were used to solve different applications in the BRICS nations.FindingsAccording to the analysis of past literature, the primary identified practices are centred on operations productivity, waste management, energy reduction and sustainable processes. It also found that despite the abundance of research on Industry 4.0, the major academic journal publications are restricted to a small number of industries and issues in which the manufacturing and automotive industries are front runners. The categorisation of selected papers based on the year of publication demonstrates that the number of publications has been rising. It is also found that China and India, out of the BRICS countries, have contributed significantly to Industry 4.0-related publications by contributing 61 percent of the total articles identified. Similarly, this study identified that qualitative research design is the most adopted framework for research, and empirical triangulation is the least adopted framework in this field. The categorisation of selected articles facilitates the identification of numerous gaps, such as that 67.14% of the literature research is qualitative.Practical implicationsUnderstanding Industry 4.0 in the BRICS nations helps to identify opportunities for international collaboration and future cooperation possibilities. This study helps to promote collaboration between BRICS countries and other nations, organisations or businesses interested in capitalising on these growing economies' assets and capabilities related to Industry 4.0 technologies. This study helps to provide essential insights into the economic, technological and societal impacts, allowing for effective decision-making and strategic planning for a sustainable and competitive future. So, this contribution links the entire world in terms of the better utilisation of resources, the reduction of downtime, improving product quality, personalised products and the development of human resource capabilities through the application of cutting-edge technologies for nearly half of the world’s population.Originality/valueIn this study, BRICS nations are selected due to their significant impact on the world regarding social, economic and environmental contributions. In the current review, 423 articles published up to August 2022 were selected from the SCOPUS database. The comparison analysis of each BRICS nation in the form of applications of Industry 4.0, the primary area of focus, leading industry working, industry involvement with universities and the area that needs attention are discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most recent SLR and meta-analysis study about Industry 4.0 in BRICS nations, which analysed the past available literature in nine different descriptive and category-wise classifications, considering a total of 423 articles. Based on this SLR, this study makes some important recommendations and future directions that will help achieve social, economic and environmental sustainability in BRICS nations.

Improving collaborative innovation performance in megaprojects: a system dynamic approach

PurposeThe development and evolution of stakeholder collaborative innovation in megaprojects is impacted by various influencing factors. The effect of influencing factors on collaborative innovation performance (CIP) in megaprojects is not a simplistic linear relationship but an iterative and non-linear relationship that requires a dynamic perspective to analyze. Therefore, this paper adopts the system dynamic (SD) approach to investigate the dynamic and interactive relationships between the CIP and the influencing factors.Design/methodology/approachThe study first develops a research framework with the system boundary of “CIP system – organizational collaboration subsystem – knowledge collaboration subsystem – strategic collaboration subsystem”. Then, the causal relationship model, the stock-flow model, and the mathematical equations were determined based on the literature review and the expert interviews. Finally, five performance improvement scenarios were designed according to the practice context of CIP in megaprojects, and simulations were performed using the Vensim PLE software to investigate the CIP from a dynamic perspective.FindingsThe findings reveal that the effect of different influencing factors on CIP grows non-linearly, with the cumulative effect becoming more pronounced as time advances. The incentive mechanism has the most significant effect, and the combined effect of multiple influencing factors has a highly significant facilitating effect on improving CIP. Strategic collaboration, organizational collaboration and knowledge collaboration are mutually conditional and reinforcing with each other, which ultimately promotes the improvement of CIP.Originality/valueThis study uncovers the inherent pattern and the interactive dynamic mechanism of factors for improving CIP in the context of megaprojects. It enriches the theoretical research in the area of collaborative innovation in megaprojects and provides practical management strategies for improving CIP.

Greening the hospitality industry: examining institutional influences and perceived benefits of EMS in Malaysian SME hotels

PurposeThe majority of Malaysian firms are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and the hospitality industry is no exception. However, a study on environmental management systems (EMS) reveals that relatively few studies have observed EMS implementation in small and medium-sized enterprises hotels (SMEHs). Hence, this study aims to determine the link between institutional influences and mediating effects of top managers' perceived benefits toward EMS implementation by Malaysian SMEHs.Design/methodology/approachThe results of a questionnaire survey of 252 SMEHs managerial-level professionals using Smart-PLS software provide some explanation for the marginal action taken by these SMEHs to improve their environmental performance.FindingsBased on the findings, five variables might stimulate the implementation of an EMS: regulatory influences, customer influences, competitor influences, employee influences and manager attributes influences.Research limitations/implicationsThis study significantly advances understanding of EMS and SMEHs, offering a replicable research framework applicable across industries and countries. Scholars can leverage the framework for further exploration, while managers should recognize institutional influences on EMS implementation.Originality/valueGiven that this study is one of the few that investigates the institutional influences and perceived benefits of EMS implementation, it may provide valuable information for future research on the hospitality industry and the SMEHs among researchers and practitioners.

Between surveillance and self‐surveillance: What institutionalised girls in Ciudad Juárez (reveal that they) know about sexuality

AbstractWe describe how girls aged 7 to 12 from social care homes in Ciudad Juárez (Mexico) talk about sexuality in workshops that we led, focusing on how mechanisms of surveillance and self‐surveillance operate in a context in which the research framework opens up new norms for socially acceptable ways of talking about sexuality. We analysed data emerging from 13 drawings that answered the question ‘What is sexuality?’

Electric Vehicle Supply Chain Risk Assessment Based on Combined Weights and an Improved Matter-Element Extension Model: The Chinese Case

In order to meet energy and environmental challenges, many countries will implement the replacement of fuel vehicles for the future clean energy transition; so, the number of electric vehicles (EVs) operating in cities will grow significantly. It is crucial to assess the risks of the electric vehicle supply chain (EVSC) and prevent them. Based on this, this paper proposes an EVSC risk research framework with combined weights and an improved matter-element extension model: (i) Firstly, the EVSC evaluation index system is constructed from the six stages of supply chain planning, sales, procurement, manufacturing, distribution, after-sales, and external risks. (ii) The subjective and objective weights are calculated by the decision laboratory method and entropy weight method, respectively, and then the minimum deviation method is used for a combined design to overcome the defects of a single method. (iii) An improved matter-element extension model (MEEM) is constructed by introducing asymmetric proximity degree and risk bias. (iv) The model is applied to a case study and its feasibility and superiority are verified through sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis. The final results show that the method and framework proposed in this paper are in line with EVSC risk assessment standards and superior to other models, which can help EVSC managers to identify potential risks, formulate appropriate risk prevention measures, promote the stable development of electric vehicles, and provide a reference for the development of energy and environment.

Modeling the Factors Influencing the Quality of Life of Rural Left-Behind Women in Guangxi, China

Background: Based on the theoretical foundations of social support theory, empowerment theory and endogenous development theory, this study examines the relevant literature on "quality of life", "social services access", "socio-economic status", "organizational cooperation", "rehabilitation strategy" and "self-esteem" and other related literatures were sorted out. An exploratory study of the relationship between social service access, socioeconomic status, organizational cooperation, rehabilitation strategies, self-esteem and quality of life was conducted. Latent and observed variables are extracted to construct a model of factors influencing the quality of life of rural left-behind women in Guangxi, and relevant research hypotheses are proposed. This study attempts to clarify the relationship and interactions between social service access, socioeconomic status, organizational cooperation, rehabilitation strategy, self-esteem and quality of life, in order to explore the overall quality of life of rural left-behind women in Guangxi and related influencing factors, and to improve the quality of life of rural left-behind women in Guangxi. Objective: The objective was to find influencing factors to improve quality of life rural left behind women. Theoretical Framework: Through the above analysis, this study establishes a model of factors influencing the quality of life of rural left-behind women in Guangxi, China. Th(Wu Jing & Lang Ying, 2021)e model includes five independent variables: access to social services, socioeconomic status, organizational cooperation, rehabilitation strategies, and self-esteem, and one dependent variable, quality of life of left-behind women. The research framework model is shown in Figure 1 for reference: Method: This was a conceptual study Results and Discussion: The study found that social services access, socioeconomic status, organizational cooperation, rehabilitation strategies, and self-esteem have an impact on the quality of life of rural left-behind women in Guangxi. Social support, including government support, support from social organizations, support from other kinds of cooperative organizations, and support from the families of left-behind women, is very important to improve the quality of life of rural left-behind women. At the same time, the development of left-behind women themselves, including self-esteem and socio-economic status, is also important to improving their quality of life. Research Implications: The framework can help in human capital development of China with respect to women population who are left behind in rural area. Originality/Value: This study is not conducted yet in context of Guangxi province

Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Customer Experience

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely adopted in the service sector to enhance the customer experience and gain a competitive advantage. However, there are a limited number of papers that focus on the relationship between AI and customer experience, and there is no clear framework to reveal how AI influences the customer experience. Therefore, this paper will address how AI affects the customer experience and develop a conceptual framework of AI applications in customer experience along the customer journey. A two-step research design is adopted in this paper. The first phase aims to identify a framework through an extensive systematic literature review of the relevant databases. The findings cover three main themes: AI experience, AI functions, and AI services. A research framework is created on the basis of the findings. This paper contributes to consumer behavior and services by integrating AI with customer experience and providing a comprehensive framework for guiding future research. The study also offers practical implications for practitioners to enhance customer experience.

Assessing the post-construction support for solar water-pumping systems in rural communities in Indonesia

AbstractCommunity-scale solar water-pumping systems (SWPSs) have become ideal alternatives for remote villages that lack electricity and water access. In Indonesia, SWPSs have been installed in many villages, but they often malfunction. Although technical studies are available, evidence showing the effect of post-construction support on the interplay in SWPS projects is scarce. Therefore, this study examined the post-construction support from the perspectives of the communities and local actors in four SWPS projects in rural Indonesia using a questionnaire survey. Three types of support were considered in the research framework and selected as dependent variables for regression analysis: capacity building, financial assistance, and technical assistance. Data were collected from 275 beneficiaries and 11 local actors, including local governments and implementing organizations, and statistical analysis was conducted. The results showed that, on average, the communities perceived that the community-based organization (CBO)–a local team that manages SWPS projects–was incapable of solving problems independently. Moreover, the existing support was inadequate and did not meet the requirements of the communities. This study found three determinants of the need for support: technical skills, funds for technical assistance, and financial management (eigenvalues of 2.89, 1.51, and 1.23, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed that technical skills were particularly crucial because this factor significantly determined the need for all types of support (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). However, relying on the support of local actors is difficult, because of their limited resource availability. These findings highlight the significance and role of the support aspect in achieving the sustainability of renewable energy projects in rural areas. Although increased effort to improve the capabilities of the CBOs is necessary, future projects must also consider the trade-off between renewable energy technology and the consequent need for support. Accordingly, designing projects that promote support from all stakeholders is imperative.

Neural Machine Translation for Low-Resource Languages from a Chinese-centric Perspective: A Survey

Machine translation—the automatic transformation of one natural language (source language) into another (target language) through computational means—occupies a central role in computational linguistics and stands as a cornerstone of research within the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). In recent years, the prominence of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has grown exponentially, offering an advanced framework for machine translation research. It is noted for its superior translation performance, especially when tackling the challenges posed by low-resource language pairs that suffer from a limited corpus of data resources. This article offers an exhaustive exploration of the historical trajectory and advancements in NMT, accompanied by an analysis of the underlying foundational concepts. It subsequently provides a concise demarcation of the unique characteristics associated with low-resource languages and presents a succinct review of pertinent translation models and their applications, specifically within the context of languages with low-resources. Moreover, this article delves deeply into machine translation techniques, highlighting approaches tailored for Chinese-centric low-resource languages. Ultimately, it anticipates upcoming research directions in the realm of low-resource language translation.

Patient and public involvement in cancer-associated thrombosis research: necessary or glorified tokenism?

The advantages of patient and public involvement (PPI) in research are becoming more widely known, however different research organizations have different rates of adoption. Comparably, some groups provide tokenistic participation in the research process, which is inconsistent with the extent to which PPI partners are truly involved. Recent developments in the field of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) research have shown how crucial PPI is to the foundation of the entire research process, from formulating the research question to disseminating the findings. This manuscript aims to present an overview of PPI within the framework of CAT research and demonstrate how, when used appropriately, PPI can improve a project’s overall success, rigor, and relevance.

The behaviour of e-commerce users: An empirical investigation of online shopping

This paper investigates the relationship between information and communication used by users on electronic commerce platforms. This study is underpinned by the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) to understand the factors contributing to electronic users' intention to use online shopping platforms. The primary data was collected using a self-administrated online survey from 422 respondents of online electronic commerce shopping users and analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 28. Empirically, this study shows that trust between e-commerce users in the digital platform as a medium, consumers’ intention to use the digital platform to make purchases and consumers’ behavioural attitudes significantly influence consumers’ intention to use online shopping platforms. The study's premises on user trust are beneficial for regulators, online business owners and the government because they help them identify the traits that give customers more confidence to use electronic commerce transactions. This study suggests that users’ trust in the information provided when dealing through electronic commerce transactions is vital for the parties involved. This study provides a theoretical framework for future research to examine the effect of these factors and determine the influence of diversification on electronic commerce behaviour.