Research Focus Areas Research Articles

Disability inclusion studies in the construction industry: a mixed review approach

People with disabilities are an important part of our society and are acknowledged as a wonderful piece of human variety. However, their involvement in the building business is mostly unknown. This report aims to give a critical assessment of disability inclusion studies in the construction industry and identify areas for further research. The Scopus search engine aided in the literature review search, where 253 publications were discovered using relevant keywords. After carefully reviewing the titles, abstracts, keywords, and full texts of the publications, a total of 55 relevant publications were selected. A scientometric study was undertaken to chart the landscape of disability inclusion studies within the construction industry and identify primary areas of research focus within this domain. The top five countries that are actively researching disability in the construction industry include the UK, the United States, Brazil, Canada, and Australia. The emerging areas in disability inclusion research in the construction industry focused on social value, social innovation, social procurement, employment, disability management, policies, discrimination, and disability management maturity model. The study highlighted the essential knowledge areas crucial for enhancing the integration of persons with disabilities in the construction sector to industry practitioners and other stakeholders.

The Impact of Heat Exposure on the Health and Performance of Soccer Players: A Narrative Review and Bibliometric Analysis.

The impact of heat exposure on the health and performance of soccer players is a widely discussed topic. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the international literature that has addressed this issue. To achieve this objective, we initially conducted a bibliometric analysis and a literature review of the main topics that emerged through bibliometric techniques. For the bibliometric analysis, we employed VOSviewer software (version 1.6.20.0) and used documents found in the Scopus database. The analysis ultimately included 133 documents published in 66 sources. Key journals and authors were identified, highlighting significant contributions to the field. Science mapping revealed collaboration networks and research focus areas such as physical health, safety, soccer performance, dehydration and hydration, physiological mechanisms and monitoring, nutrition, fluid intake, and cooling techniques. Based on the key areas highlighted in the identified clusters, which emerged from the co-occurrence analysis of the author keywords, the following three topics were developed in the literature review: (a) the physiology and health of football players; (b) performance impacts; and (c) strategies to prevent negative consequences. The review showed that high heat exposure can reduce the physical and cognitive performance of athletes and prove detrimental to their health. To mitigate the negative consequences, appropriate hydration strategies, heat acclimatization, and cooling techniques have been proposed. Our findings provide the international scientific community with comprehensive knowledge of the existing literature, laying the foundation for future research while simultaneously offering coaches and athletes the necessary theoretical knowledge to help improve safety and performance.

New recyclable and functionalized chitosan-based polyurethane foams for effective and incessant removal of Orange II (OII) and Rhodamine B (RhB) dyes from water

The development of new efficient materials for the removal of water-soluble toxic organic dyes has been one of the focused research areas in the recent past. There is a strong demand for the new materials as most of the reported techniques/materials suffer from serious limitations. In this regard, a series of flexible chitosan-based task-specific polyurethane foams (PUCS-GP, PUCS-CA-GP, PUCS-TA-GP, and PUCS-GA-GP) associated with naturally available hydroxycarboxylic acids was developed. The basis for the preparation of these task-specific and functionalized PU foams is to possess amine groups for trapping the anionic dyes (example: Orange II denoted as OII) and carboxylic acid groups for attracting the cationic dyes (example: Rhodamine B denoted as RhB) under specified pH conditions. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to assess and improve various parametric conditions. The experimental results revealed that the adsorption kinetics closely agree with the pseudo-second-order model having a maximum sorption capacity of 38.3 mg/g at pH 3 for OII on PUCS-GP and 48.4 mg/g at pH 6 for RhB on PUCS-CA-GP. Furthermore, the adsorption process was described by isotherms, kinetic equations and thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°). Notably, the regeneration of OII and RhB dyes from the exhausted PUCS-GP and PUCS-CA-GP materials was effectively accomplished. The recovered PUCS-GP shows >90 % OII and PUCS-CA-GP displays >70 % RhB removal efficiency even after twelve adsorption–desorption processes under mild conditions, demonstrating excellent recyclability/durability. The advantages of these functionalized foam materials are facile preparation, high adsorption capacity, good reusability, and very efficient removal of organic dyes from wastewater streams.

What is the experience of engaging in mentalization-based treatment? A meta-ethnography of client perspectives of the therapeutic process and outcome

PurposeMentalization-based treatment (MBT) is a psychotherapeutic approach that aims to increase mentalizing capacity. The purpose of this meta-ethnography was to synthesize the available qualitative literature on MBT to allow for a more thorough understanding of the lived experience of those who have undergone this therapy.Design/methodology/approachA systematic search of seven databases was carried out. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme was used to appraise the papers suitable for inclusion. The data were synthesized using a meta-ethnographic approach in which the second-order constructs from each paper were translated and reinterpreted creating a line of argument synthesis.FindingsA total of 11 studies were included in the meta-ethnography. Three overarching themes were identified within the included papers which outlined that participant experience of MBT consisted of three different developmental stages. Navigating the therapeutic process describes the participant’s experience of the therapeutic process of MBT. The processes of change in MBT outlined participant reports of mechanisms of change experienced in MBT. Mentalizing self and others described the experience of generalizing new knowledge and skills to the world outside of therapy and unveiled the impact that engaging in MBT had on participants.Originality/valueThis meta-ethnography offers new insights into how clients experience MBT as a therapeutic process and offers suggestions for implementation in clinical practice as well as areas of focus for research of this therapeutic approach.

A bibliometric insight into nanomaterials in vaccine: trends, collaborations, and future avenues.

The emergence of nanotechnology has injected new vigor into vaccine research. Nanovaccine research has witnessed exponential growth in recent years; yet, a comprehensive analysis of related publications has been notably absent. This study utilizes bibliometric methodologies to reveal the evolution of themes and the distribution of nanovaccine research. Using tools such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Scimago Graphica, Pajek, R-bibliometrix, and R packages for the bibliometric analysis and visualization of literature retrieved from the Web of Science database. Nanovaccine research commenced in 1981. The publication volume exponentially increased, notably in 2021. Leading contributors include the United States, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the "Vaccine", and researcher Zhao Kai. Other significant contributors comprise China, the University of California, San Diego, Veronique Preat, the Journal of Controlled Release, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The USA functions as a central hub for international cooperation. Financial support plays a pivotal role in driving research advancements. Key themes in highly cited articles include vaccine carrier design, cancer vaccines, nanomaterial properties, and COVID-19 vaccines. Among 7402 keywords, the principal nanocarriers include Chitosan, virus-like particles, gold nanoparticles, PLGA, and lipid nanoparticles. Nanovaccine is primarily intended to address diseases including SARS-CoV-2, cancer, influenza, and HIV. Clustering analysis of co-citation networks identifies 9 primary clusters, vividly illustrating the evolution of research themes over different periods. Co-citation bursts indicate that cancer vaccines, COVID-19 vaccines, and mRNA vaccines are pivotal areas of focus for current and future research in nanovaccines. "candidate vaccines," "protein nanoparticle," "cationic lipids," "ionizable lipids," "machine learning," "long-term storage," "personalized cancer vaccines," "neoantigens," "outer membrane vesicles," "in situ nanovaccine," and "biomimetic nanotechnologies" stand out as research interest. This analysis emphasizes the increasing scholarly interest in nanovaccine research and highlights pivotal recent research themes such as cancer and COVID-19 vaccines, with lipid nanoparticle-mRNA vaccines leading novel research directions.

Bio-control efficacy of selected indigenous nematophagous fungi against Meloidogyne enterolobii in vitro and on dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important commercialized field crop in South Africa for aiding in food security as a cheap protein source. However, it is highly susceptible to root-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne species. Use of indigenous nematophagous fungi as bio-control agents (BCA) of Meloidogyne nematodes is a promising research focus area. This is because indigenous fungal species are naturally part of the ecosystem and therefore compatible with other biological processes unlike most synthetic chemicals. The objective of the study was to identify indigenous nematophagous fungal BCA and establish their potential efficacy in reducing M. enterolobii population densities on dry bean with and without incorporation of compost. Screened indigenous fungal species included Aspergillus terreus, Talaromyces minioluteus, T. sayulitensis, Trichoderma ghanense, and T. viride. There were observed significant parasitism differences (P ≤ 0.05) among the BCA, with T. ghanense showing the highest egg parasitism (86%), followed by T. minioluteus (72%) and T. sayulitensis (70%). On the other hand, the highest J2 parasitism was observed on T. minioluteus (95%), followed by A. terreus and T. viride (63%). A similar trend was observed under in vivo conditions, with higher efficacy with compost incorporation. This provides a highly encouraging alternative and ecologically complementary Meloidogyne management in dry bean production.

Research hotspots and frontiers of essential tremor from 2013 to 2023: a visualization analysis based on CiteSpace.

ET, one of the most prevalent neurological disorders, presents a significant challenge in terms of disability. Despite the growing focus on ET in recent years, comprehensive bibliometric analysis has been lacking. This study delves into essential tremor research covering the period from 2013 to 2023, utilizing the Web of Science (WOS) database. Employing CiteSpace for quantitative analysis, it examines an array of metrics including annual publication trends, contributions from countries and institutions, authorship patterns, key terminologies, and patterns of reference co-citation. The primary objective is to use CiteSpace for a detailed visual exploration of the literature over the last decade, pinpointing the evolving landscape and key areas of focus in essential tremor research, and thus providing a foundation for future investigative endeavors. There were 2,224 literary works included in all. The amount of published works has been steadily rising in recent years. Of them, the majority originate from the United States, Louis, Elan D. is the publisher of the most publications (161 articles), and Movement Disorders is the journal that receives the most citations. The key words contribution and co-cited literatures suggest that the main research hotspots in recent years are the physiological and pathological mechanism of essential tremor, the determination of optimal targets for deep brain stimulation (DBS) and surgery transcranial magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) in the surgical management of essential tremor and the innovative research of botulinum toxin administration method.

Participatory Assessment of Agriculture Land and Vegetation Associated Issues and Possible Interventions in Gurage Zone, Ethiopia

Land degradation and depletion of natural forests made agriculture unsustainable and threaten communities and ecosystems as a whole. The objective of this participatory assessment was to identify researchable issues related to agricultural land and vegetation cover in Gurage zone. Accordingly, seven representative districts were selected and from each district two representative kebeles were purposively selected. Focus Group Discussion with farmers, development agents and subject matter specialists and direct observation were important primary sources of information. The survey result depicts in the Gurage zone land degradation, undulating steep slope topography, small and overwhelmed land tenure, inappropriate land use system, cultural landscape mismanagement, deforestation of indigenous trees and expansion of eucalyptus tree, and decreasing enset production are the major identified problems associated with land use and vegetation cover of the study area. In the mixed farming system, enset is produced as a homestead farm and its coverage is decreasing due to disease, lack of processing machines, and shortage of organic matter. Due to the expansion of eucalyptus and land use change, the majority of native trees are disappearing or decreasing in area coverage. Therefore, enset and eucalyptus require suitable policy attention. In the mountainous areas of Gurage; limited land availability, soil degradation, shortage of appropriate farm technologies, water scarcity, lack of knowledge for alpine agriculture and inconvenient topography for mechanized farming machines issues threaten agriculture of area. Despite the fact that there are few attempts to control land degradation; the issue still needs much attention. Appropriate agricultural technologies and knowledge suited for mountain agriculture, dense populations, enset-based farming systems, and small land tenure are important priority research focus areas for future research.

An Energy-Balance Clustering Routing Protocol for Intra-Body Wireless Nanosensor Networks

Aims and Background: Numerous sensor nodes spread out across the surveillance region form the Wireless-Sensor Network (WSN), a smart, self-organizing network. Since the lumps can typically only be motorized by batteries, creating a WSN while maintaining an optimal energy balance and extending the network's lifetime is the biggest issue. Methods: A novel network architecture that integrates nanotechnology with sensor networks is known as a Wireless-NanoSensor-Network(WNSN). A new area of focus in research is intra-bodyiWNSNs, which are WNSNs with promising potential applications in biomedicine, damage detection, and intra-body health monitoring. We suggest an energy-balance-clustering-routing protocol (EBCR) for iSN nodes that have limited energy storage, short communication range, and low computation and processing capabilities. The protocol uses a novel hierarchical clustering approach to lessen the communication burden on nano-nodes. Results: Cluster nano-nodes can use one-hop routing to send data directly to the Cluster-Head(CH) nodes, and the CH-nodes can utilize multi-hop routing to send data to the nano control node. In addition, selecting the next hop node to minimize energy usage while guaranteeing successful data packet delivery involves balancing distance and channel capacity. The protocol's strengths in energy efficiency, network-lifetime extension, and data-packet transmission success rate were highlighted by the simulation results. Conclusion: It is clear that the EBCR protocol is a viable option for iWNSNs' routing system.

Mapping the global research landscape on depression for patients with chronic kidney disease: a bibliometric and visualized analysis from 2006 to 2022.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), a complex and multifaceted health issue, significantly contributes to global mortality rates. Accompanying chronic conditions, depression notably exacerbates health outcomes, increasing both mortality risk and the burden on affected individuals. This study employs bibliometric and visual analytics to evaluate the evolution, current trends, and future research directions in the field of CKD and depression. We conducted a thorough investigation using the Web of Science Core Collection, focusing on literature published from 2006 to 2022 that examines the interplay between CKD and depression. The analysis was enriched with bibliometric and visualization tools such as bibliometrix, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer to distill the essence of the research corpus. Our analysis incorporated 2,409 CKD-related publications, with significant contributions from the United States, China, and England. BMC Nephrology emerged as the leading publication outlet, while the American Journal of Kidney Diseases featured the most cited articles. Key terms such as "depression," "quality-of-life," "mortality," "prevalence," and "hemodialysis" dominated the keyword landscape, indicating the research focus areas. This bibliometric analysis offers an in-depth view of the research trajectory in CKD and depression. It provides valuable insights for researchers seeking relevant literature, potential collaborators, and an understanding of the field's current hotspots and emerging frontiers. The findings of this study are instrumental in guiding and enriching future research endeavors in this domain.

Neural interval‐censored survival regression with feature selection

AbstractSurvival analysis is a fundamental area of focus in biomedical research, particularly in the context of personalized medicine. This prominence is due to the increasing prevalence of large and high‐dimensional datasets, such as omics and medical image data. However, the literature on nonlinear regression algorithms and variable selection techniques for interval‐censoring is either limited or nonexistent, particularly in the context of neural networks. Our objective is to introduce a novel predictive framework tailored for interval‐censored regression tasks, rooted in Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) models. Our strategy comprises two key components: (i) a variable selection phase leveraging recent advances on sparse neural network architectures; (ii) a regression model targeting prediction of the interval‐censored response. To assess the performance of our novel algorithm, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation through both numerical experiments and real‐world applications that encompass scenarios related to diabetes and physical activity. Our results outperform traditional AFT algorithms, particularly in scenarios featuring nonlinear relationships.

Impact of Gluten-Free and Casein-Free Diet on Behavioural Outcomes and Quality of Life of Autistic Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review.

Gluten- and casein-containing foods could aggravate the symptoms of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and subsequently impact their quality of life. However, there is a mixed opinion among researchers concerning the impact of alternative diet on reducing ASD symptoms. This scoping review aimed at examining the impact of the "gluten-free, casein-free" (GFCF) diet on health outcomes and the quality of life among autistic children and adolescents. A scoping review of the literature was performed following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines. Four databases, including EbscoHost, Medline, CINAHL, and ProQuest, were used to obtain subject-specific studies relevant to the research question and published between July 2013 and March 2024. A comprehensive search using keywords such as "autism spectrum disorder", "gluten-free diet", and "casein-free diet" was conducted to obtain articles related to the research focus area. Only full-text, peer-reviewed, written in English articles were selected. Data extraction and data analysis were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-extension to Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) protocol. From the initial 586 studies, a total of 27 articles were included in the final analysis of the review. The thematic analysis included "GFCF diet and improvement of the core autistic symptoms", "the gut-brain link", "dietary interventions and autism", "possible side effects due to the GCFC diet", and "inconclusive studies and mixed opinions". A majority of the studies showed a positive effect of the GFCF diet on a variety of autistic symptoms, including positive changes in cognitive skills, behaviour, and gastrointestinal symptoms, while some showed conflicting evidence. The currently available evidence on the impact of the "GFCF" diet on the quality of life of autistic children and adolescents may warrant potentially effective interventions for alleviating symptoms of autism spectrum disorders. However, this scoping review highlights the need for more research to provide more reliable evidence on the health outcomes and quality of life of ASD sufferers to guide practice.

To explore the effectiveness of various ecological security pattern construction methods in many growth situations in the future: A case study of the West Liaohe River Basin in Inner Mongolia

The Ecological Security Pattern (ESP) has emerged as a prominent area of focus in global ecosystem research, offering valuable scientific insights for reconciling ecological preservation with economic progress. Understanding the differences among different approaches to constructing ESP serves as a fundamental step in ensuring its efficacy. However, there has been a scarcity of studies that quantitatively assess the disparities in the effectiveness of various ESP construction methods. This study focuses on the West Liaohe River Basin as its research subject. Leveraging remote sensing data alongside county-level statistical information, the study employs three distinct ecological source identification methodologies to establish ESP frameworks. Subsequently, it analyzes the discrepancies in ecological protection outcomes across different ESP construction methods under varying future development scenarios. The findings reveal that the ESP centered around ecosystem services emerges as particularly suited for diverse development scenarios, consistently yielding optimal ecological protection outcomes. Our research not only furnishes a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for ESP development in the West Liaohe River Basin but also offers methodological insights transferrable to other regions.

Gradual Increase in Birefringence of Antimony Oxalates through Precise Tuning of the Sb3+/[C2O4]2- Ratio.

Birefringent crystals play a crucial role in modulating and controlling the polarization of light in the optical communication and laser industries. Recently, adopting appropriate strategies to enhance the birefringence of crystals has become a prominent area of research focus. Herein, four UV antimony oxalate birefringent crystals, namely, K5Sb2(C2O4)5.5·3H2O, BaSb(C2O4)2.5·3H2O, Na4Sb2O(C2O4)4·6H2O, and Na3Sb(C2O4)2F2·2H2O, have been successfully synthesized. These compounds feature a similar zero-dimensional (0D) cluster structure and share the same functional groups, including π-conjugated [C2O4]2- groups and Sb3+-based distorted polyhedra with stereochemically active lone pairs (SCALPs). Interestingly, we achieved a stepwise increase in birefringence by precisely controlling the Sb3+/[C2O4]2- ratio, ultimately resulting in the compound Na3Sb(C2O4)2F2·2H2O exhibiting a large birefringence (0.21@546 nm). Additionally, we confirmed that the synergistic effects between the π-conjugated [C2O4]2- groups and the distorted polyhedra based on Sb3+ are responsible for the excellent optical properties observed in the reported compounds.

Biomarkers in the Immuno-oncology Interface of Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Scoping Review with Perioperative Considerations.

Identification of biomarkers for immunotherapy treatment in triple negative breast cancer remains crucial for improving outcomes and optimising regimes, particularly in the perioperative setting. There is a need to conduct a scoping review to provide an overview of current research, explore the wider context, and highlight future research considerations in this field. The most commonly assessed biomarkers are PD-L1, TILs and CD8 + cells with correlation to outcomes mainly focused on survival. There is a growing interest in evaluating genetic markers. Conclusions are currently limited by knowledge gaps around contextual factors. Important areas of focus for future research include a greater understanding of complex cellular, genetic and metabolic interactions in the perioperative tumour microenvironment, including patient-specific immune profiles. An important challenge remains elucidating the clinical significance of the immunological effects of interventions at each stage of the perioperative period, including the use of anaesthetic agents.

Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Machine Perfusion Biomarkers in Kidney Graft Evaluation

BackgroundWith the rising prevalence of end-stage kidney disease, the use of expanded criteria donor allografts, seen as essential for meeting organ demand, still proves challenging due to their higher risk of graft loss, delayed function, and rejection. Machine perfusion, a technique in preserving allografts, offers improved allograft outcomes compared to static cold storage while allowing for the noninvasive measurement of kidney injury biomarkers in the perfusate solution. This offers an objective method to assess graft function at various preservation stages. Materials and MethodsWe conducted a narrative review of the databases PubMed and Scopus, including studies written in the English language and published after 2010. ResultsIn this narrative review, we identified biomarkers, like 4-hydroxyproline, taurine, and glutathione transferase, as predictive markers of delayed graft function. Additionally, biomarkers, like extracellular histone h3, vascular cell adhesion protein, and matrix metalloprotease protein, have shown correlation with decreased graft function, although their predictive ability remains inconclusive. DiscussionThe review outlines various suggestions for potential areas of research focus to enhance future expanded criteria donor allograft utilization. However, limitations exist, including the absence of a singular reliable biomarker and the challenges of validating biomarker effectiveness across diverse outcomes.

Bacterial Bisorption as an Approach for the Bioremediation of Chromium Contaminated Soils: An Overview

Study’s Novelty/Excerpt This study presents comprehensive overview of the roles of various bacterial genera, including Alcaligens, Achromobacter, and Bacillus, in the biosorption of chromium from contaminated soils, highlighting specific factors influencing biosorption efficiency. It uniquely addresses the optimization of environmental conditions such as pH, temperature, and nutrient availability to enhance large-scale biosorption processes, bridging gaps noted in previous literature regarding the scalability of bacterial biosorption. Additionally, the manuscript underscores the necessity for further research in biotechnology and molecular engineering to fully harness the potential of bacterial biosorption for chromium remediation, presenting a forward-looking perspective on advancing this bioremediation strategy. Full Abstract Chromium possesses detrimental effects on the health of both plants and animals. Biosorption is a process where biological materials (bacteria, fungi, algae, or agricultural waste) are used to remove pollutants from contaminated sites. Conventional methods of remediating heavy metal-contaminated soils, such as excavation and chemical treatment, are expensive and disruptive, making them less desirable. Factors influencing bacterial biosorption efficiency are promising approaches involving bacteria to remove heavy metals such as Chromium, lead, nickel, cadmium, arsenic, etc., from contaminated soil. Some bacterial genera involved in biosorption include Alcaligens, Achromobacter, Acinetobacter, Alteromonas, Arthrobacter, Burkholderia, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Flavobacterium, and Pseudomonas. These bacteria can adsorb heavy metals such as Chromium and biotransform them into less toxic forms. Some factors influencing bacteria biosorption efficiency include pH, temperature, concentration, bacterial surface compositions, metal ion characteristics, and soil composition. Challenges associated with using bacteria for biosorption, as outlined in previous literature, include the slowness of the process and the fact that it may not be suitable for large-scale application, even though many other authors have proven its applicability on a large scale. Also, the key quality needed from the bacterial biosorbent must be tolerating the heavy metals. Another area of focus in current research is optimizing environmental conditions, such as temperature, pH, and nutrient availability, to achieve a more efficient biosorption at a larger scale. This overview highlighted the roles of bacteria in the biosorption of chromium heavy metal as a strategy for the bioremediation of Chromium contaminated soil. Conclusively, bacterial biosorption has a great potential for use in Chromium- contaminated soil remediation, and more research is needed to fully realize this potential, especially in biotechnology and molecular engineering.

Polysaccharides from Porphyra haitanensis: A Review of Their Extraction, Modification, Structures, and Bioactivities.

Porphyra haitanensis (P. haitanensis), an important food source for coastal residents in China, has a long history of medicinal and edible value. P. haitanensis polysaccharides are some of the main active ingredients in P. haitanensis. It is worth noting that P. haitanensis polysaccharides have a surprising and satisfactory biological activity, which explains the various benefits of P. haitanensis to human health, such as anti-oxidation, immune regulation, anti-allergy, and anticancer properties. Hence, a systematic review aimed at comprehensively summarizing the recent research advances in P. haitanensis polysaccharides is necessary for promoting their better understanding. In this review, we systematically and comprehensively summarize the research progress on the extraction, purification, structural characterization, modification, and biological activity of P. haitanensis polysaccharides and address the shortcomings of the published research and suggest area of focus for future research, providing a new reference for the exploitation of polysaccharides from P. haitanensis in the fields of medicine and functional foods.

Experimental Studies of Bioinspired Shark Denticles for Drag Reduction.

Shark skin is composed of denticles, or complex scale-like features, which have been shown to reduce drag in turbulent and laminar flow. The denticle crown features undulating structures called riblets that interact with the turbulent boundary layer to reduce drag. Two mechanisms thought to contribute to the drag-reducing properties of riblets include the lifting of streamwise vortices and the hampering of spanwise vortex interactions to reduce crossflow, which could translate to similar flow mechanisms for denticles. Because of the varied morphologies of dermal denticles on different shark species, which also depend on body location, the impact of these denticle geometries on flow is of interest to the biology community, including related fields such as fluid mechanics and oceanography. This review highlights the past 15 years of manufacturing techniques and experimental measurements of drag over denticle-inspired surface structures, including real shark skin samples and engineered denticles and riblets. State-of-the-art additive manufacturing and other techniques are primarily limited to mm-length denticle scales, which have demonstrated drag reduction in lower flow speeds, under 1 m s-1. New manufacturing approaches can create sub-mm length denticles and nanotextured surface structures, which have achieved reported drag reductions of up to 31%. We synthesize results from the literature to illustrate the drag reduction properties of bioinspired denticles and riblets according to their geometry and flow conditions. Using these trends, we suggest design features and focus areas for future research, such as increasing studies of different denticle morphologies, hydrophobicity, antifouling properties, and acoustic noise reduction. Continued work on bioinspired denticles for drag reduction has wider implications in comparative biology and applications to design more energy-efficient, persistent vehicles for environmental monitoring.

The research trend of hyperprolactinemia from 2011 to 2023 was analyzed by bibliometrics.

The objective of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of research trends in hyperprolactinemia from 2011 to 2023. This analysis aims to provide researchers with insights into the current hotspots and frontiers related to hyperprolactinemia. It is worth noting that there are currently no existing reports on bibliometric analyses of hyperprolactinemia. The Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) and Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) databases of the Web of Science Core Collection were systematically searched for "articles" and "review articles" related to the topic of hyperprolactinemia from 2011 to 2023. VOSviewer was employed to conduct bibliometric analysis, aiming to analyze the research trends in hyperprolactinemia over the past 13 years. A total of 1865 eligible articles were retrieved, with contributions from 9544 scholars representing 83 countries in the field of research. The United States had the highest number of publications, followed by China. The keywords were categorized into six clusters: (1) etiology of hyperprolactinemia and other related endocrine and metabolic diseases. (2) Hyperprolactinemia and mental illness. (3) Diagnosis and management of hyperprolactinemia. (4) Treatment of hyperprolactinemia and prolactinoma. (5) Detection of macroprolactin and macroprolactinemia. (6) Symptoms of male hyperprolactinemia. Over the past 13 years, there has been a consistent and slightly increasing trend in the number of research papers focusing on hyperprolactinemia. The primary areas of research focus are centered around the diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia caused by antipsychotic drugs or prolactinoma.