Research Design Considerations Research Articles

Developing A Framework of Effective Risk Communication for Crisis Management in The Abu Dhabi Police Department

chapter one provides a clear outline of different engaging steps in current research. This chapter includes the background of the study, research objectives, problem statements, and operational definitions used in the research study. This chapter gives a comprehensive study of how the research is going to be conducted and it will engage the reader to move to the next chapter. chapter two has reviewed the previous literature on the importance of effective communication in crisis management. Also, the communication approach is used to deal with crises. Next, reviewed Important Constructs in Effective Communication for the team. The theoretical review looks at attribution, situational and image repair theory. The empirical review has considered the objectives of the study. On the role of channels of communication in crisis management, the study has considered a review of literature in the role of traditional and social media during crisis management. Considering barriers to effective communication in crisis management, the literature review considers technological, organizational, and social barriers to effective communication in crisis management. The last objective presents a new model that should be considered by organizations for effective communication in crisis management. From the review of the literature, no research has already been done on the role of effective communication during crisis management specifically. This creates a research gap that needs to be considered. Therefore, there is a need for this research study to identify the importance of effective communication during crisis management in the Police Department of Abu Dhabi. The methodology chapter has provided a clear breakdown of various steps in which the researcher engages in conducting the interview. The aspects of sampling, data collection methods, research design, data analysis, instruments, and ethical considerations have been well discussed in this chapter.

The reality of remote extended reality research: Practical case studies and taxonomy

Remote user studies—those where the experimenter and participant are not physically located together—offer challenges and opportunities in HCI research in general, and extended reality (XR) research specifically. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced this form of research to overcome a long period of unprecedented circumstances. However, this experience has produced a lot of lessons learned that should be shared. We propose guidelines based on findings from a set of six remote virtual reality studies, by analyzing participants' and researchers' feedback. These studies ranged from one-session types to longitudinal ones and spanned a variety of subjects such as cybersickness, selection tasks, and visual search. In this paper, we offer a big-picture summary of how we conducted these studies, our research design considerations, our findings in these case studies, and what worked well and what did not in different scenarios. Additionally, we propose a taxonomy for devising such studies in a systematic and easy-to-follow manner. We argue that the XR community should move from theoretical proposals and thought pieces to testing and sharing practical data-informed proposals and guidelines.

Discussion of “Consistency in Management Earnings Guidance Patterns”

In this discussion of Tang [( 2022 ). Consistency in management earnings guidance patterns, The International Journal of Accounting, 57, p–p. https://doi.org/xxxx], I point out the research design considerations and provide some directions for future research in the area of voluntary disclosures related to management earnings guidance.

Transforming Dementia Care: Implementation Challenges Moving Evidence-Based Programs to Health Care

Although evidence for dementia care programs continues to grow, families and health providers do not have ready access to programs, nor have they been widely disseminated and routinized in healthcare. Understanding implementation considerations when embedding evidence-based programs in healthcare systems can inform ways to effectively transform dementia care. This symposium will examine similarities and differences in implementation challenges encountered and strategies used when implementing four evidence-based programs being tested in different healthcare environments using distinct study designs. Dr. Gaugler et al., will discuss implementation challenges encountered with a staff-delivered intervention (ADS Plus) to support caregivers in adult day services that is being tested using a mixed methods hybrid trial design in >50 sites nationally. Dr. Hodgson et al., will discuss adaptions and their measurement to COPE, a home-based dyadic support program being embedded in 10 PACEs of a large healthcare system using a noninferiority trial testing staff training strategies. Dr. Forester et al., will examine implementation of the Care Ecosystem for dementia patients in a high-risk, integrated care management program using a pilot embedded pragmatic trial. Dr. Hepburn et al., will explore tactical challenges of implementing Tele-Savvy, an online caregiver psychoeducation program, within the context of a pilot pragmatic clinical trial. Drawing upon implementation science, themes discussed include balancing adaptations and fidelity, measurement of implementation outcomes and organizational readiness, and staff training implications. Also highlighted are research design considerations. Dr. Czaja, an expert in the design and implementation of dementia care interventions from in-person to technology-based will be the discussant.

Using LIWC to Analyze Participants' Psychological Processing in Accounting JDM Research

SUMMARY This paper provides methodological guidance for judgment and decision-making (JDM) researchers in accounting who are interested in using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) text analysis program to analyze research participants' written responses to open-ended questions. We discuss how LIWC's measures of psychological constructs were developed and validated in psycholinguistic research. We then use data from an audit JDM study to illustrate the use of LIWC to guide researchers in identifying suitable measures, performing quality control procedures, and reporting the analysis. We also discuss research design considerations that will strengthen the inferences drawn from LIWC analysis. The paper concludes with examples where LIWC analysis has the potential to reveal participants' deep, complex, effortful psychological processing and affective states from their written responses.

Research design considerations for randomized controlled trials of spinal cord stimulation for pain: Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials/Institute of Neuromodulation/International Neuromodulation Society recommendations.

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an interventional nonpharmacologic treatment used for chronic pain and other indications. Methods for evaluating the safety and efficacy of SCS have evolved from uncontrolled and retrospective studies to prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Although randomization overcomes certain types of bias, additional challenges to the validity of RCTs of SCS include blinding, choice of control groups, nonspecific effects of treatment variables (eg, paresthesia, device programming and recharging, psychological support, and rehabilitative techniques), and safety considerations. To address these challenges, 3 professional societies (Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials, Institute of Neuromodulation, and International Neuromodulation Society) convened a meeting to develop consensus recommendations on the design, conduct, analysis, and interpretation of RCTs of SCS for chronic pain. This article summarizes the results of this meeting. Highlights of our recommendations include disclosing all funding source and potential conflicts; incorporating mechanistic objectives when possible; avoiding noninferiority designs without internal demonstration of assay sensitivity; achieving and documenting double-blinding whenever possible; documenting investigator and site experience; keeping all information provided to patients balanced with respect to expectation of benefit; disclosing all information provided to patients, including verbal scripts; using placebo/sham controls when possible; capturing a complete set of outcome assessments; accounting for ancillary pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments in a clear manner; providing a complete description of intended and actual programming interactions; making a prospective ascertainment of SCS-specific safety outcomes; training patients and researchers on appropriate expectations, outcome assessments, and other key aspects of study performance; and providing transparent and complete reporting of results according to applicable reporting guidelines.

Making Qualitative Interviews in Music Therapy Research More Accessible for Participants Living With Dementia – Reflections on Development and Implementation of Interview Guidelines

Purpose. This paper reports findings from a project that sought to develop accessible guidelines for including people with dementia in qualitative interviews in a music therapy study, based on experience from people previously involved in qualitative music therapy research. Method. People with previous experience of qualitative music therapy research were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews about how the interview process could be made more accessible. Participants included four family-caregivers and three music therapy-researchers. Interview data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings were used to develop guidelines for a subsequent study; reflections on the implementation of these guidelines are provided. Results. Five themes were identified: (a) motivators and barriers to participating in interviews; (b) pragmatic elements that impact interview participation; (c) relationship dynamics may impact the interview; (d) familiarity fosters comfort, enables preparation and support and (e) broader considerations for accessible research design. Conclusions. Themes identified align with reports from the extant literature. Reflections on implementation of the guidelines reveal the need for more clarity around the ethics of building rapport in qualitative research. Implications about future uses of the guidelines, including the use of music as a research tool are discussed.

The Chicken or the Egg? Causal Inference in Entrepreneurial Orientation–Performance Research

While entrepreneurial orientation (EO) correlates with many organizational phenomena, we lack convincing evidence of causal relationships within EO’s nomological network. We explore the challenges to establishing causal relationships with a systematic review of EO–performance research. We then use a simulation to illustrate how popular research designs in EO research limit our ability to make causal claims. We conclude by outlining the research design considerations to move from associational to causal EO–performance research. Our message is that while experiments may not be practical or feasible in many areas of organizational research, including EO, scholars can nevertheless move towards causal understanding.

Causal Mapping as a Teaching Tool for Reflecting on Causation in Human Evolution

Teleological reasoning is viewed as a major hurdle to evolution education, and yet, eliciting, interpreting, and reflecting upon teleological language presents an arguably greater challenge to the evolution educator and researcher. This article argues that making explicit the role of behavior as a causal factor in the evolution of particular traits may prove productive in helping students to link their everyday experience of behavior to evolutionary changes in populations in ways congruent with scientific perspectives. We present a teaching tool, used widely in other parts of science and science education, yet perhaps underutilized in human evolution education—the causal map—as a novel direction for driving conceptual change in the classroom about the role of organism behavior and other factors in evolutionary change. We describe the scientific and conceptual basis for using such causal maps in human evolution education, as well as theoretical considerations for implementing the causal mapping tool in human evolution classrooms. Finally, we offer considerations for future research and educational design.

Developing an Applied Biostatistical Sciences (ABS) network.

Access to qualified biostatisticians to provide input on research design and statistical considerations is critical for high-quality clinical and translational research. At diverse health science institutions, like the University of Michigan (U-M), biostatistical collaborators are scattered across the campus. This model can isolate applied statisticians, analysts, and epidemiologists from each other, which may negatively affect their career development and job satisfaction, and inhibits access to optimal biostatistical support for researchers. Furthermore, in the era of modern, complex translational research, it is imperative to elevate biostatistical expertise by offering innovative training. The Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research established an Applied Biostatistical Sciences (ABS) network that is a campus-wide community of staff and faculty statisticians, epidemiologists, data scientists, and researchers, with the intention of supporting both researchers and biostatisticians, while promoting high-quality clinical and translational research. Since its inception in early 2018, the ABS Network has grown to several hundred faculty and staff members across a range of health and research disciplines. The ABS Network offers free trainings on innovative methods and tools in the biostatistical field, a web-based portal with resources and training lectures, and connections to U-M faculty and/or staff members for consultation and collaboration. Although challenging, if approached strategically, the creation of a collaboration network of biostatisticians can be accomplished. Furthermore, the process can be adopted and implemented for establishing collaboration with any network of professionals with common interests across different disciplines and professional fields regardless of size.

The potential of digital phenotyping to advance the contributions of mobile health to self-management science

Digital phenotyping consists of moment-by-moment quantification of behavioral data from individual people, typically collected passively from smartphones and other sensors. Within the evolving context of precision health, digital phenotyping can advance the use of mobile health -based self-management tools and interventions by enabling more accurate prediction for prevention and treatment, facilitating supportive strategies, and informing the development of features to motivate self-management behaviors within real-world conditions. This represents an advancement in self-management science: with digital phenotyping, nurse scientists have opportunities to tailor interventions with increased precision. In this paper, we discuss the emergence of digital phenotyping, the historical background of ecological momentary assessment, and the current state of the science of digital phenotyping, with implications for research design, computational requirements, and ethical considerations in self-management science, as well as limitations.

Embodied tableaux: A drama method for social work arts-based research

Due to the increased interest of social workers in arts-based research, there is a need for guidance in how to apply arts-based research methods to social work questions and research. The lack of detailed methodological procedures in the existing literature potentially inhibits social work researchers’ ability to select and implement appropriate arts-based research methods. This article thus provides a step-by-step procedural guide for a drama-based arts-based research method called embodied tableaux. Adapted from Boal’s Image Theatre techniques and tableaux exercises common in drama therapy, this ABR method can serve as a rich source of embodied, aesthetic, imaginal, and relational data suitable for many of the populations and social issues that social work researchers typically focus on. This article also highlights ways to adapt this method for the various stages of the research process and explores important ethical issues. Illustrative examples of the embodied tableaux method are included from a recent study conducted with drama therapists who are employed in schools. Implications and considerations for future research design are included.

Medication adherence for atrial fibrillation patients: triangulating measures from a smart pill bottle, e-prescribing software, and patient communication through the electronic health record.

ObjectiveOur primary objectives were to examine adherence rates across two technologies (e-prescribing software and smart pill bottle) with cross-validation from alert-triggered messaging within the patient electronic health record (EHR) portal and to explore the benefits and challenges faced by atrial fibrillation (AF) patients in using a smart pill bottle.Materials and MethodsWe triangulated the rate of oral anticoagulant medication adherence among 160 AF patients over 6 months using an EHR in combination with data from the AdhereTech© Wireless Smart Pill Bottle and Surescripts©. In addition, we collected qualitative feedback on patients’ Smart Pill Bottle usage through structured interviews with 153 participants.ResultsPatients maintained an average adherence rate of 90.0% according to the smart pill bottle; however, when dose misses were calibrated based on patient or provider feedback, the adjusted adherence was 93.6%. Surescripts adherence rates for refills were 92.2%. Participants generally found the bottle easy to operate but suggested that its size and functionality did not fit seamlessly into their existing routine, as many used weekly pill organizers to manage multiple medications.DiscussionThough each method of tracking adherence has positive and negative attributes, combining them and seeking patient feedback may help capture a more accurate adherence rate than any single technological intervention. Technologies may have different design considerations for research and consumer use.ConclusionOverall, these technologies provide useful but imperfect adherence data for research purposes, and smart pill bottles could be improved with patient-centered design.Lay SummaryMedication adherence is very important for those with chronic health issues. For those with heart disease, medication adherence not only offers opportunities for improving quality of life, but it also can be life-saving. Nonetheless, many patients with heart disease, including those with atrial fibrillation (the target group for this study) do not take their medications regularly. As technologies advance, there is unprecedented opportunity to track patients’ medication adherence through various methods, which might provide motivation and information to patients as they make daily choices about medication use. In this study, we cross-referenced the results of two of these measures over 6 months—a smart pill bottle, which we used to track pill bottle openings, and e-prescribing software, which we used to track medication refills. We also supplemented these measures with nurse-patient communication via the EHR messaging portal to record exceptions (eg, travel and medication changes) and interviewed patients about their medication use during the 6-month trial. Overall, the tracking technologies worked relatively well to track patient (n = 160) medication behavior; however, they did not capture exceptions. Hence, triangulating data from different sources, with a patient feedback loop, appears critical for gathering accurate data on medication adherence.

The Intersection between Systems Change, Implementation Science, and Human Beings: A Call to Investigate People and Context in Future Systems-Level Consultation Research

ABSTRACT Systems-level consultation and implementation science research has resulted in increased understanding of how to facilitate large-scale use of evidence-based practices. This article aims to build upon what has been learned to-date by calling for consultation researchers to focus more on the human interactions within change processes. The rationale for increased focus on how consultants, consultees, and clients make sense of and experience systems change processes is provided. Additionally, a vision for a research agenda is shared, including potential research questions, design and analysis considerations, and potential outcomes of engaging in this line of research.

Wanting Too Much and Too Soon – The Therapist´s Clinical Perspective

This article is a response to commentaries by Kristin Osborn (2020) and Bjorn Philips (2020) on three case studies I conducted (Frankl, Wennberg, Berggraf & Philips, 2020), which involved the use of a 10-session Affect Phobia Therapy (APT) with individuals diagnosed with mild to moderate Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). The response focuses on four main areas: (a) the tension between the need for systematic assessment and core conflict formulation in each case versus the need for efficiency and accessibility in the design of a "first-line," 10-session version of APT, which is typically much longer in length; (b) specific considerations in applying APT to AUD; (c) research design considerations associated with the three case studies; and (d) my personal experience as the therapist in conducting the 10-session APT with these three AUD cases. I conclude with a proposal for incorporating the critical points from the commentaries into future studies.

Best practices for Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR) research: A practical guide to coding and processing EAR data.

Since its introduction in 2001, the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR) method has become an established and broadly used tool for the naturalistic observation of daily social behavior in clinical, health, personality, and social science research. Previous treatments of the method have focused primarily on its measurement approach (relative to other ecological assessment methods), research design considerations (e.g., sampling schemes, privacy considerations), and the properties of its data (i.e., reliability, validity, and added measurement value). However, the evolved procedures and practices related to arguably one of the most critical parts of EAR research-the coding process that converts the sampled raw ambient sounds into quantitative behavioral data for statistical analysis-so far have largely been communicated informally between EAR researchers. This article documents "best practices" for processing EAR data, which have been tested and refined in our research over the years. Our aim is to provide practical information on important topics such as the development of a coding system, the training and supervision of EAR coders, EAR data preparation and database optimization, the troubleshooting of common coding challenges, and coding considerations specific to diverse populations.

Adherence to e-mental health among youth: Considerations for intervention development and research design.

E-mental health programmes have great potential to provide young people with access to mental health support. However, it is commonly reported that adherence to these programmes is low. Low adherence can be problematic, particularly if young people do not receive the full benefits of a programme. In a research trial setting, non-adherence to treatment recommendations can prevent researchers from drawing strong conclusions about effectiveness. Although adherence has been recognised as an issue in need of attention, many of the reviews available are focused on adults and lack clear direction towards what strategies to employ. This paper presents a broad review of the adherence literature, focusing on factors associated with improving adherence to e-mental health among youth. Our view on the key elements to improve adherence identified from the existing literature are presented, and key recommendations for e-mental health intervention design are provided. These include: developing and communicating adherence guidelines based on individuals’ needs and symptom severity, including customisable features to provide a tailored experience and promote a sense of agency, including engagement checks and adopting a user-centred approach by utilising strategies such as co-design. This paper provides guidance to intervention designers and researchers by outlining recommendations and considerations for intervention development and research design.

A beginner’s guide to applied educational research using thematic analysis

Interest in applied educational research methodology is growing as educators and researchers strive to seek empirical evidence about what is effective teaching within distinctive contexts. However, for beginner researchers who are interested in conducting case studies within educational settings and are looking for an appropriate starting point, there is limited literature that shapes comprehensively the theory and application of a rigorous research design. This article outlines the theoretical foundation, philosophical assumptions and application of a research design suitable for implementation in educational settings. For researchers and educators pursuing a case study approach within a specific context, an inquiry framework provides the roadmap to navigate the journey. The main components of this systematic inquiry framework include the interconnected practices for: identifying the issue; collecting the data; preparing and engaging with the data; analysing thematically the data; interpreting the data analysis; and composing the research findings and generalisations. Throughout the discussion, examples are drawn from a case study to illustrate how the innovative design and the sixstage qualitative data collection and thematic analysis were implemented to investigate the prevalent roles that teachers play in generating environments for self-regulated learning. Finally, research design considerations are discussed to reflect high standards of ethical practice for reporting research findings and interpretations that can be trusted and contribute practically, theoretically and methodologically to educational research.

Considerations for human–computer interaction: user interface design variables and visual learning in IDT

The purpose of this study is to discuss approaches for developing human–computer interaction (HCI) in educational technology (ET) based on definitions of visual design, learning variables and user-interface design principles in the field of instructional design and technology (IDT). We will do in several stages, first, we will review historical definitions of HCI and its developments in education and considerations for defining visual literacy for learning with instructional design (ID) models. Then, we will review each definition of visual principles for user interface design (UID) or user experience design (UED) and learning from screens. HCI and its roles with the perceptional approach will be discussed as previous definitions in the type of theories such as cognitive load, activity and paying particular attention to primary concepts included in each definition based on the ID model approach. We will also present some of the historical criticisms of the definitions, which provided designing and developing user interfaces. The process should indicate or address possible performance design approaches in ID steps for developing learning and teaching in learning environments as well as developing UID or UED in ET. This also indicates approaches in philosophy of ET and its theory, definition and applications of new technologies as well as UID or UED perspectives and visual design variables. In this study, we review the visual design techniques from past to present that multimedia project design teams should follow the strategies and rules for designing learning environments in industry, business and military based on philosophy of ET and HCI design with ID models by using the newest technologies. The process compares both understanding global UID or UED requirements and visual strategies and considerations for research and product design by ID models. The steps include recognising terminology in ET practice concept, psychological, technological and pedagogical foundations in ID as well as ET approaches and using visual rules for conducting multimedia projects in last decays. At the end of the study, conceptions of ET, ID models and HCI will be discussing to indicate design standards for multimedia projects in the field of IDT. We will also present the relationships between ET and designing problems for creating instructional materials in education. All steps in visual design, UID, UED and HCI design based on philosophical approaches and evaluations in the field are given at the end of the study.
 Keywords: User interface design, visual designs, human–computer interaction (HCI), user experience design, educational technology, IDT.

Considerations for human–computer interaction: user interface design variables and visual learning in IDT

The purpose of this study is to discuss approaches for developing human–computer interaction (HCI) in educational technology (ET) based on definitions of visual design, learning variables and user-interface design principles in the field of instructional design and technology (IDT). We will do in several stages, first, we will review historical definitions of HCI and its developments in education and considerations for defining visual literacy for learning with instructional design (ID) models. Then, we will review each definition of visual principles for user interface design (UID) or user experience design (UED) and learning from screens. HCI and its roles with the perceptional approach will be discussed as previous definitions in the type of theories such as cognitive load, activity and paying particular attention to primary concepts included in each definition based on the ID model approach. We will also present some of the historical criticisms of the definitions, which provided designing and developing user interfaces. The process should indicate or address possible performance design approaches in ID steps for developing learning and teaching in learning environments as well as developing UID or UED in ET. This also indicates approaches in philosophy of ET and its theory, definition and applications of new technologies as well as UID or UED perspectives and visual design variables. In this study, we review the visual design techniques from past to present that multimedia project design teams should follow the strategies and rules for designing learning environments in industry, business and military based on philosophy of ET and HCI design with ID models by using the newest technologies. The process compares both understanding global UID or UED requirements and visual strategies and considerations for research and product design by ID models. The steps include recognising terminology in ET practice concept, psychological, technological and pedagogical foundations in ID as well as ET approaches and using visual rules for conducting multimedia projects in last decays. At the end of the study, conceptions of ET, ID models and HCI will be discussing to indicate design standards for multimedia projects in the field of IDT. We will also present the relationships between ET and designing problems for creating instructional materials in education. All steps in visual design, UID, UED and HCI design based on philosophical approaches and evaluations in the field are given at the end of the study. Keywords: User interface design, visual designs, human–computer interaction (HCI), user experience design, educational technology, IDT