Course Of Research Research Articles

Nursing Students' Attitudes Towards Research at College of Nursing, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Jinnah Hospital Lahore

Background: Nursing research advocates for the highest quality of patient care by emphasizing evidence-based nursing practices. The attitude of students towards research serves as a driving force, inspiring them to actively participate in research endeavors, cultivate essential research skills, and implement research discoveries within clinical environments, ultimately enhancing positive patient outcomes. Aim: This study aims to examine undergraduate nursing students' attitudes toward the research component to identify implications for enhancing teaching and learning practices. Materials and Methods: From March to August 2023, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Nursing, AllamaIqbal Medical College, Jinnah Hospital Lahore, involving a convenient sample of n = 100 undergraduate students. Participants signed informed consent and completed a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 25 items rated on a Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23. Results: The majority of nursing students hold a positive attitude towards research, as evidenced by a mean score of 74.05% with a standard deviation of 6.580. A vast majority (91.2%) acknowledge the utility of research in their profession. Specifically, 86.88% of nursing students demonstrate a positive attitude towards research, while 72.75% recognize its significance in both professional and personal life. However, a notable proportion (41.2%) finds research challenging, viewing it as difficult, complicated, and stressful, with 55.3% expressing difficulty with statistical aspects. Conclusion: While a significant portion of students recognize the value of research in nursing and maintain a positive attitude towards it, some find the research course stressful. Many students express negative feelings and anxiety about the research process. To improve student experiences, it's suggested to integrate research courses into pre-university curricula and involve statistical experts from research centers to teach effective learning strategies.

Applying Front-end Analysis Insights in the Development of a Data Management Course for Biomedical Researchers

In this article, we describe how our design team used front-end analysis to identify the training needs, gather design precedents, conduct a learner analysis study, and apply the insights in designing a data management course for biomedical researchers. In-person and online versions of the course were developed and implemented with cohorts of a research training and mentorship program for biomedical researchers. The course development project adds to the emerging literature base of design precedents for instruction on research data management guided by the FAIR principles of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability of research data.

Justification of directions for improving the means of regulating innovative relations within the limits of the sustainable development policy in the European Union

The object of this study is existing regulatory approaches to determining the place and purpose of innovations within the economic system of the European Union (EU), in the context of the implemented policy of sustainable development. In the course of research and generalization of the sustainable development policy of the European Union, it was established that the purpose and role of innovations have not been properly identified. Only the absolute nature of innovation rights is registered while no restrictions in favor of meeting public interests are recorded. It has been proven that this does not meet the needs of the participants of innovative relations and negatively affects the scaling and implementation of innovations. The expediency of improving the existing normative concept of determining the place and role of innovations within the framework of the sustainable development policy of the European Union has been substantiated. Recommendations regarding areas of such improvement have been formed. As such recommendations, the need to formalize the definition of the normative construction of innovations on the basis of international recommendations "Oslo" is highlighted. The need to spread regulatory restrictions on the impact of innovations based on such criteria as industrial and man-made safety has been proven. The expediency of introducing additional guarantees for developers of innovations is also substantiated. The need to make changes to the provisions of such international treaties and agreements as the Horizon Europe Framework Program has been proven. The study is aimed at forming general theoretical foundations for improving the essence of regulatory techniques for identifying forms of technology transfer. The practical significance of the research results is that the generated results could be used in the formation of international normative acts, recommendations of international institutions, acts of national legislation, and serve as a basis for further scientific research on these issues

Finding connections to help students move forward

Jason Shrontz is a full‐time faculty member at Klamath Community College, where he teaches courses in research writing, film, screenwriting, and fiction. He also supports local high school teachers who offer writing courses for college credit and works closely with administration and faculty to design and integrate ethical AI use in the classroom. He earned his PhD in English at the University of Rhode Island and wrote his dissertation on corporeality and human connection in the digital world. He, his wife, and four children enjoy biking the trails in southern Oregon.

Current Status and Influencing Factors of Nursing Students’ Health Education Ability in Tertiary Vocational Colleges in Nanjing China

Objective: This study aims to survey the current health education ability of nursing students in Nanjing, China and explore influencing factors affecting their ability of health education. Methods: Using a cross-sectional descriptive design and convenience sampling, 282 tertiary vocational college nursing interns from 8 triple-A hospitals are investigated using by Health education ability self-assessment scale for nursing students. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS20.0. Results: The total healthy education ability score of nursing interns is 157.95 ± 21.90. None of the dimensions qualifies the “basic level” of health education ability. School GPA, nursing research courses, attendance in health education activities, passion for the nursing career, awareness of the importance of health education, receiving skills on health education are statistically significant influencing factors on healthy education abilities (t/F scores are 2.873, 3.025, 3.289, 9.506, 5.884, 2.043; p < 0.05). Based on multi-regression analysis, passion for the nursing career, nursing research courses and attendance in health education activities are the key influencing factors (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The overall health education abilities of nursing interns from tertiary vocational colleges are relatively low. These colleges should strengthen research abilities of nursing students and promote the teaching of health education skills and abilities.

ENSURING THE WORLD-CLASS TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COMBAT ARMORED VEHICLES BY SUBSTANTIATING THE DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS FOR ELEMENTS OF LOADING MECHANISMS: BASIC APPROACHES AND MODELS

The work is aimed at ensuring high tactical and technical characteristics of domestic armored combat vehicles by increasing the contact strength of the most critical and loaded elements of the charging mechanisms. This is due to the fact that due to the conditions of combat operations in modern conditions, the load on these elements of armored combat vehicles is sharply increasing. In such conditions, traditional methods for calculating the contact strength of these elements by conditional stresses with correction factors are not applicable. Therefore, in the course of research, we improved the models of contact interaction based on the development of the theory of variational inequalities. This model includes both variable and sought-after modifications of the shape of the working surfaces of the contacting elements of armored combat vehicles and the properties of the materials of the surface layers. A search for progressive design and technological solutions for these elements has been carried out. This makes it possible to develop a new generation of charging mechanisms that allow for an increase in the caliber of weapon projectiles and the rate of fire from advanced standard weapons. Such advanced solutions make it possible to ensure the tactical and technical characteristics of domestic advanced armored combat vehicles at the world level. The regularities of the influence of the varied parameters (geometric shape and properties of surface layers) on the contact strength of the elements of the charging mechanisms of armored combat vehicles are established. In particular, a significant asymmetry of the area of contact interaction between rollers and drive sprockets was found. This effect is caused by the general deformation, first of all, of the rollers. In this case, the contact area is shifted to the periphery of the working surface. Accordingly, the modification of this working surface (the formation of a “barrel”) has a positive effect on the load capacity of the contacting elements. The levels of contact pressure and equivalent Mises stresses decrease.

STRENGTH AND STABILITY OF MOVEMENT OF ROTOR SYSTEMS OF TANK ENGINE AIR SUPERCHARGER

The work researches the processes and states that occur in the impeller of the air supercharger of tank engine. The influence of the tension in the connection of the impeller with the shaft and the yield strength of its material on the stress-strain state and critical speeds of movement is studied. For this purpose, appropriate mathematical and numerical models were built. Parametric models of the studied processes and states have also been developed. A number of varied parameters are considered. This makes it possible to study the influence of these parameters on the performance and strength of the rotor part of the air compressor. On this basis, a specialized database with research results can be built. The analysis of these results is the basis for establishing certain regularities, as well as for substantiating progressive technical solutions of the rotor parts of the air blowers of tank engines according to the criteria of strength and performance. The impeller of the air compressor of the tank engine limits its strength and durability. As determined in the course of research, a direct increase in the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy material from which it is made is not productive. Among the significant factors, it is necessary to take into account the acting loads from centrifugal forces and tension in the coupling "shaft - impeller", and in their combination. It is also important to take into account the elastic-plastic deformation of the material of the impeller. Recommended are not separate measures and solutions regarding the rotary parts of the air compressor, but their combination for the purposeful improvement of the characteristics of strength and durability.

Система учета обстоятельств, влияющих на размер уголовного наказания

Introduction. The gradual development of the institution of punishment in the Russian criminal law has predetermined the legislative consolidation of a multidirectional and diverse system of sanctions for unlawful behaviour of a person having violated a criminal-legal prohibition; humanisation of types and amounts of punishment; expansion of the list of additional circumstances characterising the unlawful act or the person that committed it, which the court take into account when passing a sentence. However, the problem of proper understanding of the circumstances affecting the amount of criminal punishment, as well as their uniform consideration in determining the measure of responsibility of a person who has violated a criminal-law prohibition, continues to be one of the most urgent for the national criminal law, because without solving it, judicial and investigative practice will lack a regulator preventing the overgrowth of permissible discretion into lawlessness, and the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation will retain an unreasonable volume of legislative criminal- legal prohibitions. Methods. In the course of scientific research, we used general scientific methods (dialectical, system analysis, structural, formal-logical, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy, functional) and special-legal methods of research (technical-legal, dogmatic, comparative-legal). Results. The article states and justifies the proposal, according to which creating a more effective mechanism of differentiation and individualisation of criminal liability requires a fundamentally new system of taking into account the circumstances, characterising the criminal act and the person who committed it, implying maximum specification of the degree of influence of these circumstances on the type and amount of punishment imposed. The above proposal is also aimed at “unloading” and “easing” to a certain extent the constructions of the overwhelming majority of criminal-legal prohibitions of the Special Part of the RF Criminal Code. To implementthe formulated proposal, the author considers it necessary to make appropriate amendments to the current RF Criminal Code.

A mathematical model of the movement of an unmanned tractor with front steerable wheels during the «rearrangement» maneuver

BACKGROUND: the movement of an unmanned tractor can be represented in the form of elementary primitives, one of which is the «rearrangement» maneuver. Taking into account the kinematic limitations of a wheeled mover with front steerable wheels, it is necessary to calculate in advance the coordinates of the beginning of the maneuver depending on the magnitude of the displacement and the speed of movement for accurate and effective planning of the trajectory. AIMS: development of a mathematical model of the movement of an unmanned wheeled tractor with front steerable wheels when performing the «rearrangement» maneuver, obtaining analytical dependences of the length of the maneuver and the time of the control signal from the speed of movement and the required displacement value. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To achieve this goal, a mathematical model of the kinematics of the curvilinear motion of a wheeled tractor with front swivel wheels was developed. The description of the maneuver and possible trajectories of movement are given. RESULTS: In the course of theoretical research, the dependences of the time of the control signal and the length of the maneuver were obtained, depending on the required amount of displacement when the tractor is moving at different speeds. The approximation of the obtained data made it possible to obtain analytical dependencies. CONCLUSION: the obtained dependencies can be used to control unmanned tractors with front steerable wheels at different displacement values and when moving at different speeds to perform the «rearrangement» maneuver clearly at specified waypoints.

Economic Aspects of Sustainable Development: Eco-Branding in Manufacturing Enterprises from Kazakhstan

Economic science provides a rich methodological toolkit for sustainable development combined with the principles of the circular economy and green marketing. The practical adaptation of a set of assessment tools helped the realisation of the goal of this study in the form of the systematisation of interaction factors between economic growth and environmental branding of industrial companies in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Descriptive models were used to assess the economic and technological state of enterprises and to analyse the effectiveness of capital investments for the implementation of green technology projects and social environmental investments. In the course of research of the population’s requests to manufacturers of industrial products, it was found out that the requirements to the environmental characteristics of finished products have increased, and the price of ecological products is of concern. Producers and end consumers can be brought closer together through eco-branding, creation of special platforms for green integration participants. To unlock the reserves of economic growth, it is proposed that green investment flows with the participation of industrial capital should be intensified in order to increase investments in the eco-cultural transformation of eco-consumers of the new generation.

Казуальные средства противодействия суицидальному поведению в российском уголовном законодательстве

Introduction: the author states that anti suicidal norms in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are not limited by Articles 110 – 1102 but involve other – “casual” or case-by-case” – means to prevent suicidal behavior that impact on the definition of the acts in the event of the committing suicide by the victim. Bearing in mind that these norms nave not been analyzed, the purpose of the study is to fill the gap in the legal doctrine. Materials and Methods: the author used general and juridical research methods, namely, dogmatic, system, and logical. During the study the author used legal acts, court acts, court decisions, studies of legal academics, as well as poll results (594 criminal law practitioners). Results: during the course of the present research the author considers controversial issues related to the qualification of crimes for which suicide is not a constituent element, but, however, a factor that affects their juridical appraisal. Based on the results of the study, the author suggests some guidelines for legal practitioners. Discussion and Conclusions: the author concludes that casual means of counteracting suicidal behaviour take place both in the General and in the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Most often they take the form of the “grave consequences” aggravating factor. Despite the fact that this understanding has become widespread in practice, a number of controversial issues related to it remain unresolved and require answers at the level of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.

Современная оценка факторов, определяющих эффективность воспроизводства рыб в низовьях р. Урал

The Aral-Caspian basin plays a crucial role in the formation of commercial fish stocks, which have been de-clining in recent years due to a decrease in the efficiency of natural reproduction due to an unfavorable hydrological regime. The results of studies carried out in 2019-2023 in the lower reaches of the Ural River on the influence of the hydrological regime and the number of producers in spawning areas on the reproduction efficiency are presented using the example of semi-migratory fish: roach, bream, walleye, carp, asp. It is shown that over the past 10 years, low- and medium-water years with a flood flow volume of 2-3 km3 prevailed, and only 3 years were high-water (more than 4 km3). Unfavorable years in terms of water content had a negative impact on the efficiency of fish reproduction in the Ural River, which led to a decrease in the number of offspring and, as a result, a reduction in commercial fish stocks in the region. It was found that in high-water years, even with a low number of producers in spawning grounds, the number of life-resistant sloping juveniles of the studied fish species was greater than in low-water years with a high number of producers. In the course of research, it was found that unfavorable hydrological conditions in the Ural River had a lesser impact on the roach and bream, and the number of juveniles of the latter has increased over the years. Commercially valuable walleye, asp and carp are in a depressed state, the number of recorded juveniles of which was ten times less than bream and roach. The state of reproduction of the carp is alarming, the number of juveniles of which reached a critical level in low-water 2019. According to the results of the study, it is recommended to implement a number of comprehensive measures of fisheries reclamation to improve the state of commercial stocks in the Ural-Caspian region.

Artificial Intelligence and Environmental Impact: Moving Beyond Humanizing Vocabulary and Anthropocentrism.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and its applications in digital health, bioengineering, and society have significant material impacts on the environment owing to AI's vast energy demands and energy consumption, carbon footprints, and water usage to cool data centers and generate electricity to power the data centers. Yet, the environmental footprints of AI remain underappreciated and inadequately acknowledged. This is significant, particularly in this era of climate emergency and ongoing threats to planetary energy and water supplies. The vocabulary attached to AI often aims to mimic positive human capacities such as "warmness" and "care." However, these attempts to humanize AI and digital technology come with an anthropocentric gaze and blind spots that bracket out the environmental impacts and footprints of AI and privilege humans and technology over nonhuman animals and planetary ecological limits. In medicine, the environmental impacts of large language models range from water consumption and carbon emission to rare mineral usage. This commentary and innovation analysis question and queer the popular imagination of AI and digital technology as things that only exist in the immaterial world of cyberspace. In the course of research on AI in planetary health, we must be cognizant of its materiality, ecological impacts, and massive energy and water demands. We argue that moving away from anthropocentric narratives and vocabulary in AI design and praxis would bode well to live within planetary ecological limits so that AI and emerging digital technologies best serve robust and responsible science and all life on the planet Earth.

Сезонная активность и сроки появления сеголеток настоящих ящериц (Sauria, Lacertidae) Карадагского заповедника в Крыму и их связь с климатическими параметрами

In the course of multi-year field research (2002–2022, and partially 2023) in the Karadag Nature Reserve (southeastern Crimea; 44.9º N, 35.2º E) the seasonal activity frame and terms of the emergence of juveniles were studied in two common species of lacertids: the Balkan wall lizard (Podarcis tauricus) and the Crimean rock lizard (Darevskia lindholmi). Activity during the winter period is characteristic for both species: over 22 years of observations, P. tauricus and D. lindholmi were observed in the winter months during 20 and 16 seasons, respectively. In P. tauricus the average for all years dates of the first and last observations of active individuals are February 13 and December 4; those in D. lindholmi are February 18 and November 26. The length of the activity period, determined by the dates of the first and last records, in P. tauricus is 65–91% of the total duration of the year, and in D. lindholmi is 62–89% of the year. The duration of the period of full activity (from the beginning of the species’ regular activity to the hibernation) is 236–321 days (273 days on average) in P. tauricus, and 227–302 days (260 days on average) in D. lindholmi. Egg-laying in P. tauricus occurs mainly in May–July (two clutches per season), while in D. lindholmi it occurs in July, but may continue into August (usually the only clutch per year). Therefore, the average for all years dates of the first registration of hatchlings differ by approximately seven weeks: July 12 in P. tauricus, August 29 in D. lindholmi. The timing of the emergence of yearlings of both species is positively correlated at a statistically significant level. In both species, a statistically significant correlation with the climatic characteristics of the area of study was found for a number of phenological phenomena. In many cases, the relationship between the phases of the lizards' life cycle and climatic parameters at the trend level was confirmed.

Teaching Graduate Student Practitioner-Scholars with Affordable Learning Materials (ALMs): Closing the Research-to-Practice Gap

The research-to-practice gap is often discussed in higher education, particularly in practitioner-oriented programs geared for adult learners. Instructors are encouraged to design courses that support students to apply what they learn in their courses to their professional practice as “evidence-based practice.” When learning about research methods, students are encouraged to consider both how to use existing research to improve their professional practice and how to conduct new research to solve problems of practice. Course content, such as readings, lectures, and videos, serves as the foundation for this activity. But, which materials actually help students build this connection between the concepts in a research course, using research, and evidence-based practices in their professional lives? How do students learn from course materials to make meaning from them that can be applied outside the classroom? And how can instructors create learning environments that support these activities? In this paper, we examine these questions and present our experiences teaching an online introduction to research methods course as an example. Using Affordable Learning Materials (ALMs), we created an accessible and affordable online course geared toward encouraging students to apply research to solve problems of practice in their own professional lives. In using ALMs, we, as instructors, were forced to step outside the use of traditional, commercial textbooks and consider what may be more beneficial to adult learners. This essay describes a more student-oriented approach to teaching and learning research methods.

The place and role of information technologies in forensics

The article examines the place and role of information technologies in criminology based on current legislation. The subject of the study is the regularities related to the nature and features of electronic information, the formation of methods, means and techniques used in the course of detection, fixation (consolidation), research, verification (comparison), and evaluation (processing) of electronic forensically significant information at various stages of criminal judiciary. The purpose of the work is the formation of a scientifically based concept of the application of information technologies and the circulation of digital data in forensics, based on the patterns of the movement of electronic forensically significant information and its use as evidence. The methodological basis was the method of materialistic dialectics, a systematic approach to the study of information technologies of proof using a set of general scientific and private scientific methods of scientific knowledge: historical, logical, comparative, generalization and classification, analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, comparative legal, formal legal and legal modeling. It is noted that when using electronic sources of evidentiary information, there is a qualitative change in the information processes taking place in criminal proceedings, and the share of such changes is more and more noticeable and increases every year. Accordingly, in criminology, it is objectively necessary to develop and improve the foundations of the use of information and communication technologies, which allow them to be scientifically and tactically correctly applied in the process of investigation and trial of criminal proceedings. It has been established that information technologies and the circulation of digital data eliminate the subjective nature of the perception of information when it is used to prove the circumstances of a crime. In the conditions of the dynamic development of information technologies, the transformation of electronic forensic information into evidence in the process of applying these technologies and the circulation of digital data is an actual scientific and conceptual direction in forensics.

Effect of written corrective feedback in research writing competence of non-education students

This research addressed several key problems: the extent of use of teachers' feedback strategies, the effects of WCF on students' performance, and the significant correlation among the variables. A quantitative descriptive research design was used, and 153 participants were surveyed through the messenger platform and Google Forms. Research findings indicate that among the four types of written corrective feedback (WCF), direct feedback was the most frequently employed strategy by teachers, while focused feedback was the least utilised. Furthermore, results indicate that students value reflective learning facilitated by teachers' written corrective feedback, especially in error recognition and constructive feedback responses, as non-education students displayed positive attitudes toward receiving feedback. The study also revealed a positive correlation between WCF and research writing performance, regardless of age, gender, or degree program, with relatively low values at 0.022, 0.003, and 0.005, respectively, using partial eta squared. Additionally, significant correlations were observed between students' GPAs in research courses and the impact of WCF, revealing a disparity in GPAs between Research 1 and Research 2. As direct, unfocused, and indirect written corrective feedback showed a statistically significant relationship in the extent of use of teachers' written corrective feedback, focused feedback shows no significant correlation. The findings emphasise the importance of evaluating different written corrective feedback strategies to enhance students' research writing outcomes. Findings call for the strategic use of written corrective feedback based on the specified needs and level of performance of non-education students. Furthermore, students, teachers, and the institution are to work hand in hand to create a culture of continuous improvement of students in research writing and academic performance through written corrective feedback.

THE TECHNOLOGY OF OBTAINING POWDERS USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF SOLID ALLOYS

The scientific and practical study on contemporary technologies and methods for generating powders (cobalt and tungsten carbide)-the building blocks of tungsten carbide-cobalt-based solid alloys that are widely utilized in the mining and metallurgy industries-is presented in this article. In the course of research, it was studied how to obtain pure cobalt powder from cobalt oxide and pure tungsten carbide powder from tungsten oxide. Cobalt is a binder that affects the hardness, brittleness, density, bending strength, tempering temperature and abrasive wear resistance of hard alloys. The binder is required to be sufficiently flexurally strong, tough and resistant to abrasive wear under operational conditions and this requires obtaining pure cobalt powder. Today, the main raw materials for the production of hard alloys at the “SPA to produce rare metals and the hard alloys” under “Almalyk MMC” JSC are brought from the waste cakes in the territory of the SPA and the Ingichka mine located in the Samarkand region and hydrometallurgically processed tungsten oxide takes up to (WO3).To solve this task, the electron microscopic method was used during the research. All studies were performed on a JSM-IT200 (JEOL, Japan) scanning electron microscope at the “Uzbekistan-Japan Youth Innovation Center”.

Ecological and faunistic characteristics of taxoсenes of Collembola in the agrocenoses of Zhovkivsky (Lviv District

As a result of the conducted research, a total of 43 species of collembola were found, which belong to 29 genera and 10 families. In the course of longer and larger-scale research in agrocenoses, it is possible to detect significantly more species (according to literature data, no less than 70). The studied coenotic fauna (αb-diversity) includes from 5 to 21 species of collembola (on average 13.9). One soil sample (αa-diversity) contains from 1 to 8 species of Collembola (on average 2.1). The highest capacity of the medium for collembola at the level of αa-diversity is characteristic of wheat agrocenosis, and the smallest – of potato. The βa-diversity index of collembola (differentiating diversity) of the studied agrocenoses is 3.5 times higher than in natural biotopes of the broad-leaved forest zone, which is associated with a greater contrast of edaphic conditions of the arable environment. The noted high values of the βa-diversity index in agrocenoses are associated with relatively small values of the so-called point αa-diversity. A noticeable decrease in the ecological capacity of the environment for collembola at the level of αa-diversity in the studied agrocenoses is due to the contrast of physical and chemical conditions in specific edaphotopes, the weak edifying effect of the cultivated crop, as well as the implementation of agrotechnical measures. The analysis of the βα-diversity index shows that the greatest unevenness of intracenotic conditions for collembola was found in agrocenoses of wheat (βα-diversity = 5.9), the average in potatoes (5.3), and the smallest in rapeseed (4.7, respectively). The indicator of the average population of collembola in the studied types of agrocenoses varies in a 30-fold interval of values. It has the highest average value in wheat agrocenosis and the lowest value in potato. However, in comparison with natural forest and meadow coenoses, the maximum indicator of the number of pintails in the studied agrocenoses is about an order of magnitude lower. The obtained data on the share of families in the studied coenotic fauna generally agree with the literature data that are known for the natural coenoses of western Ukraine.

Accuracy and reliability of large language models in assessing learning outcomes achievement across cognitive domains.

The advent of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and Gemini, has significantly impacted the educational landscape, offering unique opportunities for learning and assessment. In the realm of written assessment grading, traditionally viewed as a laborious and subjective process, this study sought to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of these LLMs in evaluating the achievement of learning outcomes across different cognitive domains in a scientific inquiry course on sports physiology. Human graders and three LLMs, GPT-3.5, GPT-4o, and Gemini, were tasked with scoring submitted student assignments according to a set of rubrics aligned with various cognitive domains, namely "Understand," "Analyze," and "Evaluate" from the revised Bloom's taxonomy and "Scientific Inquiry Competency." Our findings revealed that while LLMs demonstrated some level of competency, they do not yet meet the assessment standards of human graders. Specifically, interrater reliability (percentage agreement and correlation analysis) between human graders was superior as compared to between two grading rounds for each LLM, respectively. Furthermore, concordance and correlation between human and LLM graders were mostly moderate to poor in terms of overall scores and across the pre-specified cognitive domains. The results suggest a future where AI could complement human expertise in educational assessment but underscore the importance of adaptive learning by educators and continuous improvement in current AI technologies to fully realize this potential.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The advent of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and Gemini has offered new learning and assessment opportunities to integrate artificial intelligence (AI) with education. This study evaluated the accuracy of LLMs in assessing an assignment from a course on sports physiology. Concordance and correlation between human graders and LLMs were mostly moderate to poor. The findings suggest AI's potential to complement human expertise in educational assessment alongside the need for adaptive learning by educators.