Rescue Vehicle Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE FIRE-FIGHTING DELIVERY HOSES USED TOGETHER WITH THE FIRE-RESCUE EQUIPMENT

The urgency of the issue of substantiation of technical requirements to fire-fighting layflat delivery hoses for fire-rescue equipment is given. Fire hoses are a significant component of fire fighting equipment. According to DSTU 2273, a fire hose is a flexible conduit fitted at the ends with connecting heads intended for the transport of extinguishing agents. Among the technical means intended for the transportation of extinguishing agents to the fire cell, the main role is certainly played by delivery fire hoses. According to DSTU 2273 delivery fire hoses (in EU countries they are classified as "layflat") are intended for transportation of extinguishing agents under excess pressure. At present, there are a number of standards in Ukraine and in the leading countries of the world that set the technical requirements for delivery fire hoses, in particular those used in conjunction with fire rescue equipment, namely DSTU 3810-98, DIN 14811, EN 14540: 2004 + A1: 2007, etc. In addition, a draft state standard is being developed in the Republic of Belarus. Considering the process of gradual integration of Ukraine into the European Union and the fact that the requirements of the current national standard DSTU 3810-98 do not meet the modern European requirements for layflat delivery hoses for fire-fighting equipment, a pressing issue is the justification such types of hoses. In order to assist in solving this problem, the Ukrainian Research Institute of Civil Protection is currently conducting a research work "Justification of fire hose test methods", within which a national standard will be developed, which regulates general technical requirements and test methods for the fire-fighting layflat hoses for fire – rescue vehicles. The basic technical requirements for the specified hoses, which meet the modern requirements of the EU and which, after appropriate experimental justification, can be considered in the draft national standard, which regulates the general technical requirements and test methods for the fire-fighting layflat hoses for fire – rescue vehicles to be developed. This publication lists six tables that provide basic specifications for delivery fire hoses. Keywords: abrasion, burst pressure, layflat delivery fire hoses, fire – rescue vehicles, proof pressure, technical requirements, specifications, working pressure.

An integrated location-routing problem with post-disaster relief distribution

Quick and wise decisions made regarding depot location and vehicle routing in emergency logistics play an important role in the relief of affected areas after a disaster. We address an integrated location-routing problem with post-disaster relief distribution, seeking to design an assignment system for a fleet of homogeneous rescue vehicles from a set of candidate depot locations to deliver relief supplies to affected areas after a disaster. Each affected area is associated with a soft time window, during which it is expected to receive the relief supplies. Two objective functions are involved: the penalty for time window violation, and the total operational cost comprising the depot opening cost, vehicle fixed cost, and transport cost. The overall objective to find the opened transfer depots, the number of vehicles used, and the route of each used vehicle so as to identify the approximate Pareto frontier comprising the trade-offs between the conflicting objectives. To achieve this, we develop a hybrid ant colony optimization algorithm for which we use particles as operators to more widely search for enabled depots among alternative ones and then assign clients to them so that ants can find the most effective and balanced vehicle routes for every selected depot. We conduct extensive numerical experiments to assess the performance of the developed algorithm by comparing with three algorithms. The numerical results confirm the efficacy of the developed method in terms of its computational efficiency and solution quality.

An international survey on the use of low titer group O whole blood for the resuscitation of civilian trauma patients in 2020.

An international survey on the use of low titer group O whole blood for the resuscitation of civilian trauma patients in 2020.

Robotics Real Time Vehicle Accident Detection Using GPS and GSM

This paper presents audit on the mishap identification strategies and some future potential outcomes in this field. Presently a-days heaps of mishaps occur on roadways because of increment in rush hour gridlock and furthermore because of rash driving of the drivers. Furthermore, by and large the relatives or the rescue vehicle and police expert isn't educated in time. This bring about deferring the assistance came to the individual endured because of mishap. Street mishaps comprise the real piece of the mishap .The reason for the task is to discover the vehicle where it is and find the vehicle by methods for communicating something specific utilizing a framework which is set within vehicle framework. Most of the occasions will most likely be unable to discover mishap area since don't have a clue where mishap will occur. Our undertaking Real Time Vehicle Tracking and Accident Detection with GPS is intended to maintain a strategic distance from such circumstances.

ABOUT IMPROVEMENT OF THE REGULATORY BASE FOR TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS FOR DELIVERY FIRE HOSES

The urgency of the development of the corresponding national standard, which regulates the technical requirements and test methods for the layflat delivery fire hoses for fire vehicle. Currently, the Operative Rescue Service mainly uses pressure hoses of the “T” type (for fire vehicle ) with a diameter of 51 mm and 77 mm, the technical condition of which often does not meet the requirements, which may not withstand the pressure that pumps of even traditionally used fire vehicle develop when extinguishing fires. The use of such hoses in extinguishing real fires can limit the ability, reduce the effectiveness of operational and tactical operations of operational and rescue units, as well as put personnel at risk. Today, there are a number of complaints from Civil Protection Operations and Rescue units regarding substandard fire hoses being purchased and operated. Basically, the complaints concern the non-conformity of these products with respect to the pressure requirements and the wear resistance of the surface of the material from which it is made. Over the past three years, the State Emergency Service has purchased about 120 fire vehicle each year, which are completed with fire delivery hoses with diameters of 51 and 77 mm. The requirements of the current national standard DSTU 3810-98 in Ukraine are outdated and do not meet the practical needs of today. Taking into account that new types of fire hoses and technologies of their creation have appeared in the leading countries of the world, and considering that the standard in Ukraine DSTU EN 15889: 2017 does not apply to layflat delivery fire hoses for fire vehicles, the issue of developing a national standard for this type of fire hose is urgent. In addition, European regulatory document CEN / TR 16099 states that the EU does not have a single standard that sets the technical requirements for "flat-fire attack hoses", ie those used with fire-fighting pumps. In EU countries, this issue is likely to be governed by the individual national standards of the Member States. This is confirmed by the German national standard DIN 14811-2008 / A1-2012, A2-2014. The technical characteristics and test methods of fire hoses in accordance with current DSTU 3810-98 and German standard DIN 14811-2008 are given. On the basis of analytical research the methods of testing layflat delivery fire hoses are specified, which will be given in the draft national standard. Keywords: layflat delivery fire hoses, rescue vehicles, specifications, test methods.

OF THE TYPES, NOMENCLATURE AND BASIC PARAMETERS OF THE DELIVERY FIRE HOSES FOR FIRE-RESCUE EQUIPMENT

The urgency of the substantiation of modern classification requirements and technical parameters to delivery fire hoses for fire-rescue equipment is given. The types, nomenclature, classification and basic parameters of layflat delivery fire hoses of domestic production and production of leading countries of the world are analyzed. The basis for ensuring the operational and tactical actions of the units of the Operational Rescue Service of the Civil Protection Service of Ukraine for the elimination of natural and man-made emergencies, including extinguishing fires and carrying out rescue operations. His technical status, ability of personnel to properly operate the equipment at his disposal depends on the efficiency and tactical capabilities of the operational and rescue units. Fire hoses are a significant component of fire fighting equipment. Among the technical means intended for the transportation of extinguishing agents to the fire cell, the main role is certainly played by delivery fire hoses. Currently in Ukraine information on the types, nomenclature, classification and basic parameters of delivery fire hoses for rescue vehicles is given in the current national standard DSTU 3810-98. Given that the requirements of the national standard DSTU 3810-98 to some extent obsolete and do not meet the practical needs of today, it is urgent to justify the current classification requirements and technical parameters to layflat delivery fire hoses for firefighting equipment. Known research reports provide research findings on the establishment of classification requirements and technical parameters for delivery fire hoses, in particular those used in conjunction with fire and rescue equipment. At the same time, these studies do not fully reflect the current experience of EU countries on the subject. In order to solve this problem, at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Civil Protection a research work is being conducted "Grounding of fire hose test methods", within which a national standard will be developed that will establish, in particular, the classification requirements parameters to the layflat delivery fire hoses for fire vehicles. Keywords: classification, layflat delivery fire hoses, rescue equipment, technical parameters.

Improvement of the active safety of the vehicle for driving on the irregularities by the method of control of vertical reactions on wheels

Countries with large territories have numerous roads of relatively nobody’s quality, characterized by the presence of large irregularities. There are improved roads, but they are badly damaged by inappropriate exploitation or by geophysical and climatic hazards. Such roads are characterized by unevenness, periodic or randomness. The speedy movement of medical transport, rescue vehicles and special services can be difficult because of the possible loss of vehicle stability, which leads to accidents. Often, the loss of stability in such situations is associated with the appearance of resonance vibrations of the vehicle’s wheels, which leads to a deterioration of the wheel to the road, reducing the transverse stability of the axle and thus allowing it to slide transversely. There are many active safety systems, such as ABS, directional stability system and others, which lose their effectiveness in these circumstances. This inconvenience can be avoided by applying the stabilization system for vertical reactions to the vehicle’s wheels (SVRDK).

Methodological approaches to emergency recovery onboard the International Space Station

Keeping parameters of the atmosphere within a manned space complex close to those on Earth is a pre-requisite for the crew’s being able to live and work in space. Any relatively small change in atmospheric parameters may pose a threat to the life of the crew and calls for an immediate response to the situation. The emergencies which are to be handled exclusively by the crew of the manned space complex include depressurization of pressurized volumes, fire and toxic contamination of the atmosphere. Crew actions in such situations are governed by special flight procedures. The paper describes main assumptions and requirements taken as a basis for developing crew procedures for response to emergencies onboard the International Space Station (ISS), as well as methodological techniques embodies in the flight procedures, which make it possible to optimize crew emergency response taking into account the locations of the modules and crew rescue vehicles within the Russian Segment of the ISS. Key words: manned space station, emergency, International Space Station

Deep submergence rescue vehicle docking based on parameter adaptive control with acoustic and visual guidance

In view of the difficulties in the attitude determination of wrecked submarine and the automatic attitude matching of deep submergence rescue vehicles during the docking and guidance of a submarine rescue vehicle, this study proposes a docking method based on parameter adaptive control with acoustic and visual guidance. This study omits the process of obtaining the information of the wrecked submarine in advance, thus saving considerable detection time and improving rescue efficiency. A parameter adaptive controller based on reinforcement learning is designed. The S-plane and proportional integral derivative controllers are trained through reinforcement learning to obtain the control parameters in the improvement of the environmental adaptability and anti-current ability of deep submarine rescue vehicles. The effectiveness of the proposed method is proved by simulation and pool tests. The comparison experiment shows that the parameter adaptive controller based on reinforcement learning has better control effect, accuracy, and stability than the untrained control method.

Bismo Jelantik Joyodiharjo PENDEKATAN BIOMIMICRY PADA DESAIN SARANA SEARCH AND RESCUE DENGAN TEKNOLOGI ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

As a young species of 200.000 years, human is part of earth ecosystem. For 3.8 billion years, other livingbeings have evolved, adapting and selected by nature, until we came and disrupt the balance. Populationgrowth and climate change impact all of earth’s ecosystem. Urbanization and deforestation resulted in floodingin parts of Indonesia. Flooding is worse in urban areas as more risks involved. The Search and Rescueoperation can benefit from remote controlled unmanned vehicles to help save people. Conventional propulsionuses propeller, however in urban flooding condition, there are lots of debris in the water and the propeller canget stuck. Biomimicry uses nature’s genius to solve problem with emphasis on sustainability. This approachseeks nature’s advice in designing an alternative solution to the propeller problem in certain condition. Mobuliformswimmers, such as Manta Rays, present a model of efficient and debris-proof propulsion that can be used inthe search and rescue unmanned vehicles. This paper will highlight the Biomimicry process in designing aSearch and Rescue vehicle, called RCM3D-SAR that uses inspiration from Manta Ray’s pectoral fins. Thedesign is based on additive manufacturing technology and form follows function approach.

The Commercial Model of Car Breakdown Recovery Service in China

With the rapid increasing of automobiles in China, there are the pressing needs of highefficient vehicle rescue system. However, lagging development of the latter brings heavy economic losses in China currently. In order to improve the roadside assistance system, this paper carries out a survey of both car owner’s and service providers’ opinions toward the Chinese current vehicle rescue service. According to deciding factors the extensive road exploration has been conducted to select elementary service providers with starting scores. Applying algebraic algorithm and information technology, this paper finally builds a commerce-based model, comparing with membership-based model in abroad, to calculate the Service Providers’ Value (abbreviated as SV) to choose the optimal service provider. The result of this study would help working companies to conduct a more efficient and cost-efficient automobile rescue service.

Antenna Optimization for Decode-and-Forward Relay in Magnetic Induction Communications

Magnetic Induction (MI) communication is effective in underground tunnels for emergency rescue vehicle due to the small-size antenna. It can highly benefit from a cooperative decode-and-forward (DF) relay to achieve a higher data rate. However, its channel gain is extremely position-and-orientation-selective. The unreachable space increases the complexity of the antenna deployment. To find the best antenna position and orientation (PO) of the relay achieving the higher data rate, this paper formulates the optimization problem of the relay MI antenna PO with tunnel constraints. To solve the problem more quickly, we propose to use geometric modeling to eliminate the tunnel constraints and develop a random-search algorithm achieving a fast convergence and excellent global search ability. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm can quickly converge to one optimum which signifies a noticeable improvement of data rate for vehicle MI systems with weak signals.

Investigation and Analysis on the Vehicle Cross Passages of Highway Tunnels

Vehicle cross passages are critical infrastructure for emergency rescue in highway tunnels but how to use them is disputed in the industry. This paper investigates 9 expressway operation and management companies in China and 292 highway tunnels in their charge through site interviews and questionnaires to understand and analyze traffic routes of general vehicles and rescue vehicles and the use of vehicle cross passages during routine operation & maintenance, traffic accident and fire incident handling by each company. The survey results show: it is difficult for large vehicles to pass through vehicle cross passages due to the small radius of turning circle at the corner, and the influence on traffic safety in the adjacent tube is great. It is not recommended to use vehicle cross passages if traffic in the adjacent tube is not interrupted. The use of vehicle cross passages should be limited to rescue vehicles in initial stage of fire incidents.

A hybrid algorithm Tabu Search – GRASP for wounded evacuation in disaster response

Natural and triggered-disasters, have devastating and profound negative effects on human lives that require a speedy declaration of an emergency in order to minimize their severe consequences. Hence, a prompt disaster response, in addition to effective measures such as informed decision making, organized evacuation plan, right hospital selection, proper rescue vehicles, efficient resources assignment and timely vehicle scheduling are critical actions needed to organize successful secured operations that could, if well prepared, save many injured bodies and lessen the human distress. To reach this ultimate goal, a complicated procedure should be in place and any failure can potentially increase the number of causalities, thus a complete alertness and full caution should be exercised. In this paper, we treat the Integrated Problem of Ambulance Scheduling and Resource Assignment (IPASRA) in the case of a sudden disaster. The main resources to be assigned are the ambulances and the hospitals. While, the hospitals serving capacities might be considered or not according to the extent of disaster and particularly to the wounded bodies’ total number. We formulate the (IPASRA) as a linear model, furthermore a novel hybrid algorithm based on Tabu Search (TS) and Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP) is offered to tackle this complex problem. Simulation tests are also presented to prove the efficiency of our modelling and resolution approaches.

Effects of diameter and suction pipe opening position on excavation and suction rescue vehicle for gas-liquid two-phase position

The speed of an excavation and suction rescue vehicle (ESRV) can be adjusted by adjusting the opening position/diameter of the vertical suction component in the gas-liquid flow field within the pipe. In this study, changes in gas-liquid flow in a vertical suction pipe were observed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in ANSYS Fluent software. A total of 95 geometric models were established for analysis. The opening diameter is found to substantially affect the gas-liquid two-phase flow within the pipe; a larger opening diameter results in a larger vortex by the gas phase within the pipe at the initial stage, which in turn increases the deformation of the liquid phase. An optimal suction scheme was designed with an opening of 5 mm diameter in any position of the pipe. In this case, the mass flow of liquid at the suction port is about 93.5 kg/s when stable. Openings in the upper part of the pipe are preferable when other opening diameters are used.

Emergency treatment in Lombardy: a new methodology for the pre-Hospital Drugs management on Advanced Rescue Vehicles.

Background and aim of the work:The main objectives of our work were the regional harmonization and standardization of pharmaceutical supplies on MSA in Lombardy.Methods:The retrospective investigation was articulated in 2 phases: the first was the collection of data in every area of the Region (2012), the second was the analysis and elaboration of the information retrieved.Results:Beginning with 24 common drugs used by 8 AATs out of 12 an evaluation of the chemical-therapeutic characteristics was performed. The temporary list, including over 80 drugs classified in more than 25 therapeutic groups, was finally reduced to provide bags that were easier to handle but at the same time complete. Between October and November 2014, the proposed supply, including 71 formulations and approved by the Technical Board of AREU, officially entered into force. At the same time, the working group followed the same procedure to define the standard equipment for the Region’s helicopters, with only 58 formulations for relatively reduced weight allowed on board.Conclusions:In conclusion, we can state that, thanks to the support of experts, of the literature review, and thanks to the practical experience of the members of the AREU working groups and thanks to the documents coming from AIFA and EMA, the first operative regional project of unified pharmacological supply for MSA was delivered.

Deep characteristics analysis on travel time of emergency traffic

Owing to the rapid development of emergency rescue transportation in cities and the frequent emergencies, demand for emergency rescue is increasing drastically. How to select an emergency rescue route quickly and shorten the rescue travel time under the condition of limited urban road resources is of great significance. Based on the characteristics analysis of emergency rescue, this paper classifies priority levels of different emergency traffic, moreover, the travel times are also analysed with three scenarios: 1) emergency rescue vehicles encountering no queues; 2) encountered queues but lanes available; 3) encountered queues with no available lanes. Related case study shows that model in this paper can effectively shorten travel time of emergency traffic in the route and improve its efficiency.

A multi-objective emergency vehicle scheduling optimisation model

Various types of emergencies incidents occur frequently, which may cause casualties and huge economic losses. How to optimise the scheduling of emergency rescue vehicles and improve their rescue efficiency is of great significance. Based on the analysis of its influencing factors the emergency vehicle scheduling optimisation model was firstly established, which was oriented to achieve three objects, minimising total travel time, total cost of dispatching travel, and maximising the path reliability. Moreover, the model was solved by Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm with elite strategy (NSGA-II algorithm). Finally, the local road network in Huangpu District, Shanghai, China was taken as to verify the model in this study. The results show that the optimal solution of the model can achieve the optimal total travel time, and total travel cost and path reliability of the scheduling scheme can also satisfy requirements, which means good validity and practicability.

Online Adaptive Critic Learning Control of Unknown Dynamics With Application to Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle

As a powerful tool for nonlinear systems robust controller design, robust adaptive dynamic programming (RADP) methods require initial admissible control and prior knowledge of disturbance to be effective. As the most effective approach to provide robustness to uncertainties, active disturbance attenuation (ADA), was rarely considered in RADP literatures. To combine ADA with RADP, a neural-network identifier was developed initially to approximate the plant dynamics and the imposed external disturbance. System states was extended with the approximated disturbance to establish ADA actor-critic learning. To relax the initial admissible control constraint, a novel auxiliary system were created based on the identifier dynamics. Theoretical analysis and simulations on unstable nonlinear system show that the approximated control law with respect to the auxiliary system and a newly proposed cost function itself could guarantee asymptotic stability of the original system. Simulations and comparison with other model-free control techniques demonstrated the excellent performance and robustness of the proposed method. Applicability of the proposed method was validated by applying it to trajectory tracking control of a deep submergence rescue vehicle.

Automatic Path Maker for Emergency Vehicles

Automatic path maker for emergency vehicles” is the most convenient solution for the people. It is adequate condition into the traffic lights systems, as the emergency vehicles as route concerned in the higher priorities among the junctions as the road. At emergency vehicles as included into ambulances, rescue vehicles, fire brigades, polices, & VIP persons. Which is many problem for then the problems, in while it is depended at the injury at the patients, personal accidents, fire fighting’s, robbery, & several vital situation. And can compulsory as implementing at techniques as to solve into situation. The proposed system is for interrupt the running traffic signal when ambulance or VIP is near traffic signals lane. This RFID readed will send these messages to the traffic signal junction to release the news.