Rescue Facilities Research Articles

Estimating the impact of sarcoptic mange epidemic on the population size of wild raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) from wildlife rescue data

The impact of infectious diseases on host populations is often not quantified because it is difficult to observe the host population and infectious disease dynamics. To address this problem, we developed a state-space model to simultaneously estimate host population and disease dynamics using wildlife rescue data. Using this model, we aimed to quantify the impact of sarcoptic mange on a Japanese raccoon dog population by estimating the change in their relative population size. We classified the status of rescued raccoon dogs into four categories: i) rescued due to infection with mange, ii) rescued due to traffic accidents without mange, iii) rescued due to traffic accidents with mange, and iv) rescued due to causes other than traffic accidents or mange. We modelled the observation process for each category and fitted the model to the reported number of raccoon dogs rescued between 1990 and 2010 at three wildlife rescue facilities in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The mortality rate induced by mange was estimated to be 1.09 (95% credible interval (CI): 0.47–1.72) per year. The estimated prevalence of sarcoptic mange ranged between 4–80% in the study period. When a substantial prevalence of mange was observed (1995 to 2002), the host population size decreased by 91.2% (95% credible intervals: 86.3–94.7). We show that the impact of infectious disease outbreak on the wildlife population can be estimated from the time-series data of wildlife rescue events due to multiple causes. Our estimates suggest that sarcoptic mange triggered a substantial decrease in the Japanese wild raccoon dog populations.

Two-stage problems of optimal location and distribution of the humanitarian logistics system’s structural subdivisions

Purpose. To ensure the rational organization of the evacuation of people from a region affected by an emergency by developing a mathematical and algorithmic toolkit that will allow for the early distribution of transport and material resources, maximizing coverage of the affected areas while minimizing evacuation time. Methodology. System analysis of evacuation processes; mathematical modeling, the theory of continuous problems of optimal partitioning of sets, non-differentiable optimization. Findings. The object of the study is the two-stage evacuation logistic processes that occur when serving the population of areas affected by emergencies of a natural or technogenic nature. The research considers the possibility of optimally distributing human flows within the transportation system, the structural subdivisions of which are first-stage centers (first aid stations that carry out the reception of citizens from areas affected by the disaster) and second-stage centers (specialized units of the emergency aid system that provide further services to the evacuated population). The proposed mathematical model deals with the problem of optimally partitioning a continuous set with the placement of subset centers and additional connections. Methods for its solution have been described. We demonstrate the versatility of these models, as they can be used to describe logistic evacuation processes, organize assembly points, intermediate locations, evacuation reception points, and those providing primary assistance to the affected population. We calculate the appropriate number of essential products and deliver them from existing warehouses through distribution centers to the affected areas. Originality. As preventive measures to increase the level of population safety during an emergency, we consider the optimal placement of rescue facilities and the zoning of the territory to distribute evacuation traffic. We also address the problem of the optimal distribution of human flows in the transport and logistics system. Practical value. The presented models, methods, and algorithms enable the solution of many practical problems related to the development of preventive measures and the planning of rescue operations to ensure the population’s safety in case of emergencies. The theoretical results obtained are translated into specific recommendations that can be utilized when addressing logistical problems related to the organization of primary evacuation of the population from affected areas and their subsequent transportation to safer locations for further assistance.

Preparedness of Rumah Ilmu Library in Facing Fire Disasters: Safety Education for Campus Society

Due to its contents and amenities, Rumah Ilmu, a library building at Universitas Negeri Semarang, is vulnerable to fire disasters. The goal of this study is to analyse the safety aspects of Rumah Ilmu building. In this study, a qualitative methodology and a descriptive strategy were applied and a direct interview with the informants was conducted to collect the data needed. This study was carried out between February and March of 2023. Rumah Ilmu building has met all the government's standards with the fulfilment of 10 components (71.42%), However, 3 components (21.42%) consisting of fire extinguishers, evacuation directions, and assembly points have been implemented but have not met the standards, and 1 component (7.16%) has not been implemented at all, namely the main gate. Suggestions for the preparedness of the Rumah Ilmu in dealing with disasters include increasing the number of fire extinguishers, sprinklers, and rescue facilities, such as installing emergency lighting, adding an area for assembly points, checking periodically related to exit door locking, and arranging an evacuation plan. Additionally, disaster mitigation education should be provided through training, educational videos, and posters to staff and visitors.

Do Safety Education Show in Implementation of Health and Safety Standard?

Emergency is an unplanned event that can cause death or serious injury to people affected, shutdown/disrupt work processes, and cause physical and environmental damage. Disasters can be caused by natural disasters and human error, and are usually emergencies in nature. This study aims to obtain an objective description and evaluate the safety situation at building of research centre as an emergency response effort to minimize the risk of loss during an emergency. This research was conducted at the building of research centre building using a comparative descriptive research design and using a case study research design. Data collection process was carried out primarily by field observations and interviews with visitors and workers. Based on the observations that have been carried out in the building of research centre, the results are that the implementation of the disaster protection and prevention system consisted of 29 points, i.e., 4 active protection components and 8 components of rescue facilities. Hence, the conclusion is that the disaster management in building of research centre still needs a lot of improvements, due to some shortages in the disaster management facilities.

A passive ‘One Health’ surveillance system to track canine rabies in urban India

Abstract Robust and widely implementable ‘One Health’ surveillance systems are required to detect and control the spread of zoonotic infectious diseases. Using technological tools coupled with a rapid field response and rapid diagnostics can help in the surveillance of deadly diseases such as rabies, even in densely populated urban areas. Here, we describe the use of an animal rescue system (Hawk Data Pro) that was adapted as a passive surveillance tool for rabies in a large metropolis in India. We used a Webline and helpline that reported injured or sick animals to an animal rescue facility to determine possible rabies cases in street animals in Pune city in western India. Suspected rabid animals were tested using lateral flow assays and this information was used to direct awareness materials on rabies as well as in conducting mass dog vaccinations in areas that reported multiple cases. Over a ~4-year period, we received over 90,700 calls or reports, of which 1162 calls were for suspected rabies cases in dogs, and 6 for other animals (cats, goats and cattle). Of these, 749 dogs and 4 other animals tested positive for rabies. Most of the cases were reported from the densely human-populated central Pune region. In response, ~21,000 people were provided with educational materials on post-bite management, and ~23,000 dogs were vaccinated. We show that the adoption of the Hawk Data Pro system as a passive surveillance tool allowed us to document an ongoing outbreak of rabies in a large metropolis in India. Such systems can be modified or adapted to other areas as well to meet the surveillance and reporting requirements of the WHO’s Zeroby30 strategy to eliminate rabies globally. One Health impact statement India is a priority country for the action plan for rabies elimination by 2030. Yet, systematic surveillance for rabies in the primary reservoir remains weak. Here, we showcase a collaboration with an animal welfare organization and adaptation of their bespoke animal rescue system for passive surveillance of rabies in dogs and other animals in Pune city in western India. This method allowed us to improve the detection of potentially rabid animals, rapidly ensure post-exposure prophylaxis and provide awareness materials for exposed human victims. To the best of our knowledge, this collaboration between scientists and civil society organizations resulted in the detection of the largest number of rabies cases reported in an urban area anywhere in the world. The use of this system highlights the scope of the problem in urban India and also provides practical guidance on how to improve surveillance using basic technological tools.

Multi-constraint spatial coupling for the body joint quadruped robot and the CPG control method on rough terrain

Quadruped robots have frequently appeared in various situations, including wilderness rescue, planetary exploration, and nuclear power facility maintenance. The quadruped robot with an active body joint has better environmental adaptability than one without body joints. However, it is difficult to guarantee the stability of the body joint quadruped robot when walking on rough terrain. Given the above issues, this paper proposed a gait control method for the body joint quadruped robot based on multi-constraint spatial coupling (MCSC) algorithm. The body workspace of the robot is divided into three subspaces, which are solved for different gaits, and then coupled to obtain the stable workspace of the body. A multi-layer central pattern generator model based on the Hopf oscillator is built to realize the generation and switching of walk and trot gaits. Then, combined with the MCSC area of the body, the reflex adjustment strategy on different terrains is established to adjust the body’s posture in real time and realize the robot’s stable locomotion. Finally, the robot prototype is developed to verify the effectiveness of the control method. The simulation and experiment results show that the proposed method can reduce the offset of the swing legs and the fluctuation of the body attitude angle. Furthermore, the quadruped robot is ensured to maintain stability by dynamically modifying its body posture. The relevant result can offer a helpful reference for the control of quadruped robots in complex environments.

Challenges of Artisanal Fisheries Towards the Transformation of the Emerging Blue Economy in Zanzibar

Purpose: This study examined the challenges of artisanal fisheries in Zanzibar. The artisanal fishery is among the key segments of the emerging Zanzibar blue economy. Therefore, it is more than significant to examine the challenges of artisanal fisheries for spearheading the blue economy transformation in the country.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was conducted in five villages in Zanzibar with a sample of 333. A cross-sectional research design was applied to generate quantitative and qualitative data. The IBM Statistical Software Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS) version 25 was used to code and compute descriptive statistics of frequencies and percentages for quantitative while the qualitative data were analysed thematically.
 Findings: Analysis of the data found that lack of capital, traditional and ineffective fishing facilities, poor market systems, overfishing, decline of marine fish stock, absence of fishers’ rescue facilities and weak enforcement of fisheries laws and regulations were the major artisanal fisheries challenges in the study area.
 Implications/Originality/Value: The study provided strategic recommendations to the governmental and other fisheries stakeholders to take action on the scenario and drastically enable the artisanal fisheries to become sustainable.

HGV fire risk assessment method in highway tunnel based on a Bayesian network

The complex characteristics of long-distance highway tunnels may lead to serious loss of life and property in fire incidents. According to the statistical analysis, heavy goods vehicle (HGV) is one of the primary risk factors for tunnel fires. In this study, a quantitative risk assessment model of HGV-involved tunnel fires is established based on the functional resonance analysis method (FRAM) and Bayesian network (BN). Using FRAM, the mechanisms of the incident occurrence and evolution and critical risk factors of HGV-involved tunnel fires are determined, and the BN model is used to quantify the risk based on a probabilistic analysis. Focusing on operational management, monitoring system construction, type of transporting goods, emergency rescue, and egress facilities, the incident severity is determined in terms of casualties and economic losses. The proposed risk assessment method is expected to assist the tunnel operational management and the fire services in identifying critical risk factors in HGV-involved tunnel fires.

New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase–producing Escherichia coli among dogs at an animal rescue facility—Wisconsin, 2022

Background: New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)–producing Escherichia coli are highly resistant organisms that spread quickly. In the United States, organisms with blaNDM are rare and mostly associated with healthcare settings. However, in other countries, blaNDM can be relatively common and are found in community settings. State veterinary and public health partners detected NDM E. coli in a dog from Iran living at a Wisconsin animal rescue facility (ARF), where 40% of dogs had international origins. We investigated to determine spread among dog and human contacts and prevent further transmission. Methods: We screened dogs and humans at the ARF, a local veterinary clinic (clinic A), and ARF staff homes (homes A and B) for colonization with blaNDM. We reviewed veterinary records and conducted a case–control analysis to identify risk factors for blaNDM acquisition among dogs. We evaluated ARF infection control practices. Screening specimens that were positive for blaNDM were cultured. We conducted an analysis of short- and long-read whole-genome sequencing data to evaluate isolate relatedness. We compared NDM E. coli sequences from dogs to all NDM E. coli sequences from humans collected in Wisconsin and nearby states. Results: Screening identified blaNDM colonization in 27 (37%) of 73 ARF dogs and 4 (56%) of 7 dogs in home A, but not in ARF or staff in clinic A. Among ARF dogs with blaNDM, 20 (74%) 27 had international origins and 22 (81%) had ≥1 medical condition. Dogs sharing the same space (OR, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.8–14.7) were associated with blaNDM acquisition. We observed high animal density, soiled environments, and insufficient hand hygiene. ARF staff wore workwear and work shoes off site, including to home A. Sequencing identified 3 multilocus sequence types (STs) using the Achtman scheme among 27 isolates with blaNDM-5. Most isolates were ST361 (20 of 27, 74%) followed by ST167 (6 of 27, 22%) and ST1163 (1 of 27, 4%). Within-MLST cluster variability was <1–3 high-quality single-nucleotide variant differences, each harboring a ST-specific plasmid with blaNDM-5. No NDM-E. coli sequences from humans appeared related. Conclusions: Investigation of a single isolate led to identification of widespread NDM-E. coli transmission among dogs at an ARF. There were multiple NDM E. coli introductions to the ARF, likely by dogs of international origin. Poor hygiene contributed to transmission among ARF dogs and to dogs outside the ARF. Transmission of blaNDM-5 at the ARF and offsite spread to home A demonstrate the potential for unrecognized community sources to disseminate NDM E. coli in community settings. Strategies and lessons learned from interventions to prevent antibiotic resistance in human healthcare settings may inform and support prevention in animal care.Disclosures: None

Studi Revitalisasi Fasilitas Ruang Tunggu Terminal Penumpang Domestik Bandar Udara Internasional El Tari Kupang Pasca Badai Seroja


 Facilities at the airport are divided into two main parts consisting of the land side and the air side. Existing facilities on the land side consist of: passenger terminal, cargo terminal, operational building, air traffic control tower or Air Traffic Control (ATC), SAR (Search and Rescue) building, meteorological building, main/VIP class building, entrance , fueling building, as well as administrative and office buildings. While the facilities on the air side consist of: runways, taxiways, aircraft parking areas, runway strips or runway end safety areas, as well as aviation accident rescue and fire fighting facilities. This research uses a type of qualitative research and descriptive research type. The purpose of the authors using qualitative research is to describe and reveal the facts and symptoms contained in the research problem, namely to analyze and describe the revitalization of the waiting room for the domestic passenger terminal at El Tari Kupang International Airport.The strategy for repairing damaged and unfit for use due to the Seroja storm has been realized and the damaged and unfit for use facilities have received proper and prompt treatment due to good coordination and cooperation between operating units and related units that were damaged. In addition, efforts to maintain. The quality of facilities is an important thing to prioritize because it has a high level of importance, but in practice there are still many complaints from service users who feel unsatisfied regarding the quality of the facilities available at El Tari Kupang International Airport, especially in the waiting room.
 Keywords: Security,Waiting Room, and Comfortness

Hierarchical integrated spatial risk assessment model of fire hazard for the core city areas in India

Proliferating fire accidents in the era of rapid Indian urbanisation causes heavy loss of life and property. It is a man-made disaster and has greater scope towards reduction of its risk, hazard and vulnerability. India's core city exhibits the typical character of haphazard development and intricacies of the built-environment having concentration of on-street activities with combustible substances such as flammable goods and commodities that magnifies the existing threat of fire hazard. Such complex spatial identification and its simplification has been demonstrated in this paper for a study area in India. A hierarchical integrated spatial risk assessment is carried out at three levels, i.e., area, unit and substance of fire hazard, to understand the chain of events that transforms a fire accident into catastrophe as spatial risk. Hazard mapping of physical (PVS) and social (SVS) parameters were looped towards spatial integration aided with Geographical Information System (GIS) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) of fire risk assessment. Further, the paper conceptually applies the equation of risk, threat, exposure, vulnerability and coping capacity to visualise the risk of fire hazard. Thus, coping mechanisms such as building safety clearance, approach and accessibility of rescue services, facilities and infrastructure have been featured in this paper. Further, it guides the designing of a Fire Information System (FIS) through a hierarchical integrated spatial risk assessment model of fire hazard.

Spatial Accessibility of Emergency Facilities to Road Accident Victims in Federal Capital City

This paper studied the spatial accessibility of emergency facilities to road accident victims in Federal Capital City to determine the sufficiency of existing emergency health care facilities and rescue facilities in servicing accident victims. This is useful for developing means of saving the lives of accident victims in the Federal Fapital City (FCC). The data used comprised of Nigerian Sat II 2013 multispectral imagery (5 m multispectral and 2.5 m Panchromatic) of FCC obtained from the National Space Research and Development Agency (NARSDA), coordinates of seventy (70) accident black spots, five (5) zebra points and sixteen (16) emergency health care facilities obtained from Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC). ArcGIS 10.0 software was used to display, visualize, identify and extract features from the imagery, and create maps from different layers of the spatial data, choose colors and symbols, create buffer zones, analyze spatial relationships, and design map layouts. Purposeful sampling method was adopted to administer 99 questionnaires to accident victims in the hospitals within the FCC. The spatial data were used to determine the time of rescue, type of rescue and coverage time of rescue operation. The statistical data were used to assess the spatio-temporal distribution of accidents and determine the level of response by the rescue teams. The results show that accident victims have adequate access to health facilities but inadequate access to zebra points, and passers-by have more effective accident response than the government action agencies. Specific points for the creation of additional zebra points were identified through buffering, and the creation of sustainable Good Samaritan programs and training for community persons in first aid were suggested. Meanwhile, further research to determine the impact of time of rescue, type of rescue and category of hospital on the accident victims was suggested.

Zoonotic and non-zoonotic intestinal parasites in shelter dogs at admission and before discharge

Introduction: The prevalence of intestinal parasites, notably zoonotic ascarids and hookworms, is higher in shelter dogs, compared to dogs in homes, making parasite control within shelter facilities a public health priority. Objective: The objective of the study reported here was to measure and compare the frequency of dogs infected with zoonotic or non-zoonotic intestinal parasites at admission and before discharge at a shelter facility. Methods: Ninety-two dogs were tested for diagnosis of intestinal parasites at admission and before discharge. Results: At admission, 50/92 (54%) dogs were diagnosed with intestinal parasites. Most dogs (43/50) were diagnosed with mono-infections with Ancylostoma spp., or co-infections with Ancylostoma spp. and Toxocara sp. or non-zoonotic parasites. Sixty-five dogs had a complete fecal study performed, which included an intake and exit sample analyzed for presence of parasite ova. Among the 65 study dogs, the frequency of dogs with intestinal parasites was lower before discharge (23 or 35%), compared to that at admission (33 or 50%) (P = 0.02). Fifty-one of 65 (78%) dogs were adopted, transferred to an outside rescue facility, or returned to their owners. Of these 51 dogs that left the shelter during the study period, 16/51 (31%) dogs were infected with intestinal parasites, and 8 of the 16 infected dogs were diagnosed with zoonotic parasites. Finally, among 37 dogs that tested negative and 28 that tested positive to zoonotic parasites at admission and re-tested later, four (11%) and six (21%) dogs, respectively, tested positive to zoonotic parasites when tested later. Conclusion: The frequency of shelter dogs infected with intestinal parasites at admission and before discharge was high (≥35%), and most infections were caused by Ancylostoma spp., an intestinal parasite in dogs that can be transmitted to humans, particularly children. We offer health policy options that shelter veterinarians/managers and local policymakers can consider for possible implementation and evaluation.

Research on the Application of VR/AR Interactive Design Technology in the Field of Public Security

Disease, earthquake, fire, stampede, malignant injury and so on. In all kinds of sudden events, the design of public emergency rescue facilities is more and more important. Public emergency refers to an emergency that occurs suddenly, causes or may cause heavy casualties, property losses, ecological environment damage and serious social harm, and endangers public security, which is characterized by abruptness, severity and wide impact. The occurrence of these incidents will destroy the normal social operation mechanism and the normal social order, cause a huge social psychological crisis, hinder social stability and development.

Artificial light at night correlates with seabird groundings: mapping city lights near a seabird breeding hotspot.

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a growing conservation concern for seabirds, which can become disoriented and grounded by lights from buildings, bridges and boats. Many fledgling seabirds, especially Procellariiformes such as petrels and shearwaters, are susceptible to light pollution. The Hauraki Gulf, a seabird hotspot located near Tāmaki Makaurau/Auckland, Aotearoa—New Zealand’s largest urban city, with a considerable amount of light pollution and regularly documented events of seabird groundings. We aim to identify the characteristics of locations especially prone to seabird groundings. We used an online database of seabirds taken to a wildlife rescue facility by the public to map 3 years of seabird groundings and test for correlations between seabird groundings and the natural night sky brightness. We found that areas with lower amounts of natural night sky brightness and greater light pollution often had a higher number of seabirds grounded. Further, we identified important seasonal patterns and species differences in groundings. Such differences may be a by-product of species ecology, visual ecology and breeding locations, all of which may influence attraction to lights. In general, seabird groundings correlate with the brightness of the area and are species-specific. Groundings may not be indicative of human or seabird population abundance considering some areas have a lower human population with high light levels and had high amounts of seabird groundings. These findings can be applied worldwide to mitigate groundings by searching and targeting specific brightly lit anthropogenic structures. Those targeted structures and areas can then be the focus of light mitigation efforts to reduce seabird groundings. Finally, this study illustrates how a combination of community science, and a concern for seabirds grounded from light attraction, in addition to detailed animal welfare data and natural night sky brightness data can be a powerful, collaborative tool to aid global conservation efforts for highly-at-risk animals such as seabirds.

Research on Detection and Early Warning Mechanism of Emergency Public Health Medical Education System Based on Internet of Things Technology.

Sudden public health and medical education events have tested the stability of society to a great extent. The government need to strengthen capacity building, make use of system dynamic supervision, warn public health events in advance, and minimize the impact scope and related harmfulness of events. This not only facilitates the rapid mobilization of resources by the later government but also facilitates the comprehensive and detailed deployment and arrangement of decision-makers. As we all know, the Internet of Things is used by all walks of life because of its outstanding advantages of low power consumption, low cost, and wide range. Therefore, this article takes the Internet of Things as the technical basis of the system. According to the actual demand and resource design, it includes two system functions: detection and early warning. The results show that: (1) considering the practical principle, the evaluation system interface found that the scores of font size and color style are all below 80%, which need to be optimized and adjusted; the overall interface basically meets the needs of users. (2) The throughput of the three methods is different. The CoAP-E has superior throughput. (3) With the increase in packet loss rate, the request success rate of the CoAP method decreases in a “drop” manner. The CoAP-E method in this article has the best performance. (4) When the packet loss rate is 25%, the network adaptability of this method is the strongest, and the retransmission rate is less than 18%; the CoAP method is as high as 35%. (5) When the number of concurrent requests is less than 2500, there is no obvious difference between the three methods; the optimal performance of the dynamic load balancing method is 10.1 s. (6) The system comprehensively considers various factors of five site selections. The highest comprehensive score of Final Site, 5 is 8.7, which can be used as the resettlement place of emergency rescue facilities. This article starts from the characteristics and needs of public emergencies, and the final set of the system runs well. It can quickly reflect public health emergencies and medical education events. Use the most effective system functions for risk control, and maximize the analysis, organization, and coordination of events. The follow-up optimization of system details needs to be studied.

Towards resilient and smart urban road networks: Connectivity restoration via community structure

In the time of global warming, smart and resilient cities need to have the ability to give quick responses to today’s frequent natural disasters. Building a resilient urban transportation system that can timely recover the accessibility of the rescue facilities is vital to the survival chances of citizens. From the perspective of selectively road restoration, we proposed a mixed integer programming model that is based on community hierarchy to provide quick disaster response for damaged urban road networks. This model can efficiently find roads that should give repairing priority to maximize the connectivity in a limited repairing scale. Network community structure has been innovatively introduced into our model, which can remarkably simplify the searching process by extracting critical connectivity information. The model has been tested on square-shaped road networks and Istanbul road networks. The results show that our community structure model gives superior solutions in significantly reduced computational time, and is practical in solving complex real-world large-scale connectivity repairing problems. These findings provide new insights into the understanding of the important role played by mesoscopic topological knowledge of road networks when seeking strategies and solutions for connectivity emergency restoration, which is significant for the development of resilient and sustainable cities. • We propose a community-based MIP approach for connectivity restoration. • The restoration strategies take the advantage of the mesoscopic structure. • The community structure markedly facilitates the optimization process. • The developed algorithms operate on large-scale urban road networks.

Surveillance and examination of dental problems in captive sloth bears

Sloth Bear is classified as vulnerable species in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list data of threatened species under vulnerable animal in 1990 and is a protected wild animal, under the Schedule I of Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 (IWPA,1972). Sloth bears (Melursus ursinus) are omnivorous in general. This retrospective study period (from 2006 to 2015) was carried out to survey the dental problems and management measures adopted, in rescued sloth bears in rescued sloth bear from Agra Bear Rescue Facility, Agra, Uttar Pradesh. Out of 224 rescued sloth bears, 11 sloth bears were noticed with dental problems during the study period and the common dental problems of sloth bears were found to be broken canine and incisor, broken canine and incisor with peri-apical abscess, and over-grown gums/tissue lesions. During examinations of oral cavities of bears under study, some of the animals had infected root canals, peri-apical abscesses, and overgrown gums tissues with evidence of infections. From this area, swabs were obtained and subjected to bacterial culture. The bacterial culture revealed Beta hemolytic Streptococci and Anaerobic Bacteroides, Coagulase positive Staphylococci, Pseudomonas species, beta-hemolytic Streptococci, Pseudomonas profuse, Klebsiella, etc. Antibiotic sensitivity tests using 40 antibiotics were used in this study and management-related measures concerning the dental problems encountered and studied in the rescued Sloth bears were revealed in this study.

A method to improve the resilience of multimodal transport network: Location selection strategy of emergency rescue facilities

This paper studies the location selection strategy of emergency rescue facilities in the multimodal transport network to improve the resilience of the network. Based on the overall perspective, we propose a cooperative coverage model. On one hand, it helps network operators improve the recovery speed of the entire multimodal transport network in the event of a disaster. On the other hand, it maximizes the effect of the rescue cost of government managers. But we must note that in most transport networks, failure data is difficult to be collected or is insufficient. Therefore, we propose the premise that the network failure may occur at any point. The rescue demand is quantified by the links/nodes importance, which is calculated by the multi-attribute decision-making method based on hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy set-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS). Then, a multi-objective non-linear programming model is established, and fast non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-cellular automata (NSGA-II-CA) is designed to solve the model. Taking the multimodal transport network in the Sichuan-Tibet region of China as an example, calculation and analysis are performed to verify the effectiveness and advancement of the proposed model and algorithm. The innovation of this paper is to propose a method of emergency rescue facility location from the perspective of global optimization.

Prevalence and type of ocular disease in a population of aged captive nondomestic felids.

Report of prevalence and type of ocular disease in a captive population of nondomestic felids. Medical records of 202 cats from 1993 to 2018 were reviewed. Species, age at diagnosis, sex, ocular examination abnormalities, systemic/physical examination abnormalities, type of examination (visual, sedated, or anesthetized), ocular structures affected, other diagnostics, therapy, and resolution of ocular disease were recorded. A total of 202 nondomestic felids including 18 different species (bobcat, caracal, cougar, Fishing cat, Geoffroy's cat, jaguar, jungle cat, leopard, leopard cat, liger, lion, lynx, ocelot, Sand cat, Savannah cat, serval, snow leopard, and tiger) from a rescue facility were evaluated. Forty-six ocular lesions were diagnosed in 33 (16.3%) cats from 8 different species (bobcat, caracal, cougar, leopard, lion, ocelot, serval, and tiger) with a mean age of 16±5.9years at time of diagnosis. Ocular lesions included corneal disease (37%) (ulcerations, perforations, keratitis, corneal scars), cataracts (23.9%), hyphema (8.7%), lens luxation (6.5%), retinal detachment (6.5%), uveitis (4.3%), conjunctival disease (4.3%), retinal degeneration (2.1%), glaucoma (2.1%), and optic neuritis (2.1%). Therapies included medical (topical antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, serum, etc.) and/or surgical management (enucleation, intracapsular lens extraction, corneoconjunctival transposition, and corneal burr debridement). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the prevalence of ocular disease in a population of captive nondomestic felids. It is difficult to diagnose and treat ocular disease in nondomestic cats due to challenges related to handling, diagnostics, and therapeutics in nondomestic species. Ocular disease seen in this population is similar to that found in domestic cat populations.