Rescue Attempts Research Articles

I ♡ Wild Cats

I ♡ Wild Cats

Lincoln Club of Orange County v. City of Irvine, 292 F. 3d 934 (9th Cir. 2002)

Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and PolicyVol. 1, No. 4 Recent Election Law DocumentsLincoln Club of Orange County v. City of Irvine, 292 F. 3d 934 (9th Cir. 2002)Published Online:6 Jul 2004https://doi.org/10.1089/153312902760403941AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited bySorry, Not Sorry: An Empirical Review of Excessive Force Claims Focusing on Inconsistent Reasonableness Standards and Expressions of SympathySSRN Electronic Journal, Vol. 645Zombie LawsSSRN Electronic Journal, Vol. 182Privacy Class ActionsSSRN Electronic Journal, Vol. 995The Americans with Disabilities Act and the Constitution of the United States (Dissertation)SSRN Electronic JournalRemedies and Respect: Rethinking the Role of Federal Judicial ReliefSSRN Electronic Journal, Vol. 677Abandoning Presidential Administration: A Civic Governance Agenda To Promote Democratic Equality and Guard Against Creeping AuthoritarianismSSRN Electronic JournalBroadening PrecedentSSRN Electronic JournalGoing 'Clear'SSRN Electronic JournalTaking Liberty Decisions Away from 'Imitation Judges'SSRN Electronic JournalIn the Name of Diversity: Why Mandatory Diversity Statements Violate the First Amendment and Reduce Intellectual Diversity in AcademiaSSRN Electronic JournalUp in the Air: The Status & Future of Drone Regulation in HawaiiiSSRN Electronic JournalPrivacy, Property, and PublicitySSRN Electronic JournalRecent Developments in Patent Law (Spring 2017)SSRN Electronic Journal, Vol. 1314The Letter and the Spirit: A Unified Theory of OriginalismSSRN Electronic JournalPraying for an Answer: The Constitutional Inadequacies with Legislative Prayer in Bormuth v. 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City of Irvine, 292 F. 3d 934 (9th Cir. 2002).Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy.Dec 2002.591-599.http://doi.org/10.1089/153312902760403941Published in Volume: 1 Issue 4: July 6, 2004PDF download

The Son Tay Raid: An Intelligence Paradox

AbstractThe Son Tay raid in November 1970 during the Vietnam War was one of the most daring and courageous rescue attempts in history. Although it occurred more than thirty-five years ago, it remains a subject of interest and controversy. U.S. Special Forces penetrated deep into enemy territory, only twenty-three miles northwest of Hanoi, to bring home approximately fifty-five of their countrymen who were being held prisoners of war (POWs).

A Study of Pet Rescue in Two Disasters

Pet rescues endanger public and animal health in disasters and are a direct consequence of pet evacuation failure. This study characterized pet rescue attempts in two disasters. A random digit dial telephone survey was conducted of 397 households in Yuba County, California, where residents were under an evacuation notice due to flooding. A mail survey was conducted of 241 households in Weyauwega, Wisconsin, where residents evacuated from a hazardous chemical spill. Risk factors for pet rescue were identified using multivariate logistic regression. Case households were defined as those that evacuated without pets and later attempted to rescue them, while control households were those that evacuated without their pet and did not attempt a rescue. Approximately 20 percent and 50 percent of pet-owning households that evacuated failed to take their pet with them in Yuba County and Weyauwega, respectively. Approximately 80 percent of persons who reentered the evacuated area did so to rescue their pet. Attempts to rescue a pet was most common by households with children. Predisaster planning should, therefore, place a higher priority on facilitating pet evacuation so as to minimize the subsequent need to rescue pets.

Part II. Overexpression of bcl-2 family members enhances survival of mammalian cells in response to various culture insults.

A number of bioreactor configurations have been developed for the manufacture of products from mammalian cell hosts. Even in the most efficient of these, however, problems such as nutrient exhaustion, growth factor deprivation, and toxin accumulations may arise. Consequently, the current effort focused on the feasibility of overexpressing anti-apoptosis genes in baby hamster kidney (BHK) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as a means of limiting cell death upon exposure to three such insults. Extended periods of glucose deprivation, serum withdrawal, and treatment with ammonium chloride each caused significant damage, often apoptotic in nature, to BHK and CHO cells, typically rendering cultures completely nonviable. The overexpression of bcl-2 and bcl-x(L), however, was able to abrogate the cell death in BHK cultures, though to varying degrees. For instance, the presence of Bcl-2, which did little to suppress apoptosis upon glucose deprivation, significantly improved the viabilities of these cells during serum withdrawal. In contrast, bcl-x(L) overexpression provided BHK cells with enhanced protection in the absence of glucose, allowing cultures to remain viable throughout the entire three week study. CHO cultures, on the other hand, displayed similar trends in survival in response to both glucose and serum deprivation. During these studies, Bcl-x(L) was consistently able to afford cells the highest degree of protection, though Bcl-2 also enhanced culture viabilities and viable numbers. Death suppression following exposure to 50 mM ammonium chloride was observed to a limited extent in both BHK and CHO cells overexpressing bcl-2 and bcl-x(L). However, even during such harsh treatment, Bcl-x(L) was able to enhance the survival of both cultures, providing CHO cells with viable numbers that were nearly 20-fold that of the controls after five days of exposure. Furthermore, the extensions in cell survival provided by the anti-apoptosis gene products enabled the recovery of many of the cultures during rescue attempts in which the death-inducing stimulus was removed. Clearly, engineering cells to better withstand and recover from the insults common during the large scale cultivation of mammalian cells has a number of potential applications in the biopharmaceutical industries where cell death can limit culture productivities.

Perpetual Crisis: The Politics of Saving the ABC

In recent years there has been a rally to ‘save’ the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). This paper explores the assumptions about the national broadcaster which often inform such rescue attempts. The ABC seems to have entered a state of ‘perpetual crisis ‘following government funding cuts, political accusations of bias, issues of structural change and the Mansfield inquiry. Even more than usual, the identity, functions and future of the national broadcaster have become a public issue. While fully supporting a strong national public broadcaster as a space for public contestation, I argue that saving the ABC should not render it ‘safe’, returning it to some prior privileged state and established identity. Rather, drawing on an ‘agonistic model of democratic politics’. I argue that the ABC needs to be conceptualised as a site which produces ‘dilemmatic space’ and that the crises of the ABC are those which necessarily constitute the institution as a public broadcaster.

Saving zebrafish mutants

At present, the zebrafish Danio rerio is the only vertebrate species for which a large-scale mutagenesis effort to identify developmental genes has been reported. Several laboratories are now intensely pursuing the molecular characterization of the genes affected by these mutations. One important criterion for the identity of the mutated gene is the rescue of the mutant phenotype by a wild-type (wt) copy of the gene. Until recently, most rescue attempts were carried out by injecting wt messenger RNA (mRNA) into fertilized eggs. A report by Yan and collaborators shows the partial rescue of floatinghead mutants by injection of genomic fragments cloned in either bacterial artificial chromosomes or bacteriophage lambda vectors. Combined with other ongoing efforts to characterize the zebrafish genome, this approach of mutant rescue opens interesting avenues for a systematic functional analysis of vertebrate genes.

Saving zebrafish mutants

At present, the zebrafish Danio rerio is the only verteberate species for which a large-scale mutagenesis effort to identify developmental genes has been reported. Several laboratories are now intensely pursuing the molecular characterization of the genes affected by these mutations. One important criterion for the identity of the mutated gene is the rescue of the mutant phenotype by a wild-type (wt) copy of the gene. Until recently, most rescue attempts were carried out by injecting wt messenger RNA (mRNA) into fertilized eggs. A report by Yan and collaborators(1) shows the partial rescue of floatinghead mutants(2) by injection of genomic fragments cloned in either bacterial artificial chromosomes or bacteriophage λ vectors. Combined with other ongoing efforts to characterize the zebrafish genome, this approach of mutant rescue opens interesting avenues for a systematic functional analysis of vertebrate genes. BioEssays 1999;21:94–98. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

How can videolaparoscopy be used in a peritoneal dialysis programme?

Recently videolaparoscopy is considered to have a vaster use in surgery due to the undeniable benefits such as low operatory traumatism, quick recovery of canalization, a short stay in the hospital and minor scarring. Forty patients were treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD); 15 videolaparoscopic procedures were performed on 13 patients before starting PD and two during the course of PD. The videolaparoscopy procedure was started by inducing pneumoperitoneum after initiation of general anaesthesia through endotracheal intubation. Peritoneal catheter placement was carried out in 11 ESRD patients showing abdominal scars due to previous laparotomies; their abdominal condition precluded safe PC placement using conventional non-laparoscopic procedures with local anaesthesia. Release of adhesions was performed only in two patients. Videolaparoscopy was also used in three patients for elective cholecystectomy; 2/3 underwent concomitant PC insertion. One patient was submitted to cholecystectomy during the course of CAPD; following the procedure we left the peritoneum dry overnight and then we started temporary IPD, using small volumes, avoiding haemodialysis (HD). Regular CAPD was resumed 6 days later. Finally, videolaparoscopy was also used for diagnostic purpose i.e. in one 59-year-old man patient who had a peritoneal catheter obstruction. Repeated rescue attempts using urokinase solution to irrigate the peritoneal catheter had been used in vain attempts prior to the procedure. Videolaparoscopy proves to be a useful tool in a PD programme. Firstly, it may be used as a technique for catheter implantation, not as a routine procedure but in patients with extensive abdominal scars due to previous laparotomy, i.e. at risk for accidental viscera perforation due to the possibility of adhesions between intestinal loops and parietal peritoneum. Secondly, videolaparoscopy used for abdominal surgery allows the resumption of PD immediately after surgical procedure and thus avoiding HD. Videolaparoscopy is fundamental for diagnosis and rescue of catheter dysfunction and has an integral role in the successful management of these patients in extending catheter function and permitting safe replacement of peritoneal catheter if it becomes necessary. Along with the undeniable advantages, remains the disadvantages that it must be carried out by an expert surgeon in an operating theatre while the patient is under general anaesthesia.

The EMS Response to the Oklahoma City Bombing

This is a descriptive study of the Emergency Medical Services response to a bombing of a United States Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma on 19 April 1995. The explosion emanated from a rented truck parked in the front of the building. The force of the explosion destroyed three of the four support columns in the front of the building and resulted in a pancaking effect of the upper floors onto the lower floors. There were three distinct phases of the medical response: 1) Immediately available local EMS ambulances and staff; 2) Additional ambulances staffed by recalled, off-duty personnel; and 3) mutual-aid ambulances and personnel from the surrounding communities. There were 361 persons in the building at the time of the explosion, 163 of these perished. Within the first hour of the explosion, 139 patients were transported to area hospitals. Of these, 32% were in critical condition. During the day of the explosion, 444 persons were treated for physical injuries: 410 of these were related to the explosion and 14, including one with fatal injuries, were sustained during search and rescue attempts. A total of 354 (80%) were treated and released from emergency departments, and 90 (20%) were admitted to hospitals. Six of the transported victims either were dead on arrival to the emergency department or died after admission to the hospital. Of those who died, 95% of the deaths were related to blunt trauma associated with the collapse of the structure. Only three persons were extricated alive after the first five hours following the explosion. The scene became flooded with volunteers who, although their intentions were to provide help and aid to those injured, created a substantial logistical problem for Incident Command. Several other lessons were learned: 1) Telephone lines and cells became overloaded, but the Hospital Emergency Administrative Radio system was operational only in three of the 15 hospitals; 2) Volunteer personnel should have responded to the hospitals and not to the scene; and 3) Training was an essential for the success of such a response. Thus, the success of this operation was a function of the intense training, practice, and coordination between multiple agencies.

Rescue of a Bryde's WhaleBalaenoptera edenientrapped in the Manning River, New South Wales: unmitigated success or unwarranted intervention?

In August 1994 a Bryde's Whale Balaenoptera edeni entered and became entrapped in the Manning River, New South Wales. The individual was an immature male of the rare pygmy form of Bryde's Whale: it was 10.3 m long and weighed approximately 7.7 tonnes. The whale remained in the river for 100 days, during which time observations were made of its movements, diving habits, feeding behaviour and body condition. Apart from the risk of stranding, the entrapped whale also faced the potential threats of starvation, entanglement in fishing nets, collision with boat traffic, and exposure to low salinity and high acidity. In view of these threats, a rescue bid was launched to return the whale to the ocean. Five rescue attempts were made the last culminated in the whale being successfully towed to sea and released several kilometers offshore. Despite its emaciated condition the whale was rescued from the river before the onset of ill health or irreparable physiological damage. The whale swam away strongly on release, ...

Attributes of carnegie medalists performing acts of heroism and of the recipients of these acts

The Carnegie Hero Fund Commission recognized 676 acts of heroism during the years 1989 through 1995. About 92% of the acts of heroism were performed by males, and about 60% of the recipients of the acts were males. A higher proportion of women rescued relatives or people they knew, and a higher proportion of males rescued people they did not know. Close to one in five rescue attempts by both male and female rescuers resulted in their deaths. Deaths were more likely to occur in rescuers of persons they knew than of those they did not know. Younger relatives were more likely to be rescued than older ones but, for the sample as a whole, age differences between rescuers and those rescued and between sexes in each group were slight. However, as might be expected in terms of ability and need, higher proportions of persons rescued (compared to rescuers) were among the very young and the old. Rescuers were working-class rural or small-town residents more often than would be expected from general population data. All of the data presented above is based on information concerning awards. Results may be influenced by variables affecting the likelihood of being nominated or, if nominated, receiving an award. A possible basis of altruism directed toward nonkin and even strangers is discussed.

Impostors posing as nurses hampered rescue attempts

Impostors posing as nurses hampered rescue attempts

Confutation of Political Realism

For nearly half a century, political realism has been widely regarded as the dominant paradigm in the field of international politics. Yet, despite realism's preeminence, the theory remains one of the most misunderstood and misapplied theories of international politics. The misinterpretations and misuses of realism, in turn, have contributed to the persistence of confusion regarding the theory's main tenets and its analytic utility. Over the years, several studies have attempted to identify realism's philosophical and epistemological presuppositions. To date, however, no systematic analysis of the epistemological liabilities of political realism has appeared. This article is an attempt to offer such an analysis by relating the formal structure of the theory to the epistemological requirements for its empirical confirmation and confutation. Several approaches and rescue attempts to save realism from potential falsifying evidence are examined in detail. The article's main conclusion is that political realism, properly understood, is empirically an untenable theory.

The Uses of “Civil Society”

The Uses of “Civil Society” Marc F. Plattner (bio) Conditions of Liberty: Civil Society and Its Rivals. By Ernest Gellner. Allen Lane (Penguin), 1994. 225 pp. During the past decade, the term “civil society” has gained worldwide currency as a way of describing a critical feature of modern liberal [End Page 169] democracy. As Ernest Gellner remarks at the outset of this rich and fascinating book, what was not long ago a largely forgotten concept variously employed by eminent thinkers of the past has “all of a sudden . . . been taken out and thoroughly dusted, and has become a shining emblem” (p. 1). This term was first revived by the democratic opposition within the Soviet bloc; along with “human rights,” it came to embody the key qualities whose absence under “really existing socialism” led East Europeans to long for the “normal” societies of the West. Yet Gellner is surely right in attributing the sudden popularity of the notion of civil society in both East and West not only to the brutality and squalor of communist practice, but also to the dead end reached by Marxist theory. As he points out, “one way of summarizing the central intuition of Marxism is to say: Civil Society is a fraud” (p. 1). Marx viewed the division between the state and civil society as both a mask worn by bourgeois domination and a sign of the unhealthy split in human life that class exploitation had created. This split was to be healed in the communist future by the withering away of the state and the emergence of a social order freed of all traces of coercion. Despite the ingenious rescue attempts of the revisionists, however, Marxism could not forever withstand the evidence furnished by the regimes that governed in its name. The monolithic rule by a single party over all aspects of political, economic, social, and intellectual life had led only to tyranny, stagnation, and moral degradation. By the 1980s, no one—except perhaps Mikhail Gorbachev—could take seriously the idea of “Marxism with a human face.” The dissidents who brought down the edifice of Marxist totalitarianism in Europe had become thoroughgoing anticommunists, and it was in explicit opposition to the all-pervasive rule of the party-state that they raised the banner of civil society. One may suspect, though, that the old Marxist dream of social life free from all coercion may have had some influence on their new attraction to the ideal of civil society. But what exactly does the term “civil society” represent? Gellner begins with a fairly standard definition: “that set of diverse non-governmental institutions which is strong enough to counterbalance the state and, while not preventing the state from fulfilling its role of keeper of the peace and arbitrator between major interests, can nevertheless prevent it from dominating and atomizing the rest of society” (p. 5). But he immediately argues for the insufficiency of this kind of definition, on the grounds that it does not adequately specify the link between civil society and the modern concept of freedom. For such a definition would also encompass premodern pluralism—“segmentary” societies dominated by clans and other subgroups that drastically limit the power of the political center but that also oppress the individual. Citing the great nineteenth-century French historian of the ancient city, Fustel de [End Page 170] Coulanges, Gellner insists on the importance of the distinction between ancient liberty and the modern liberty that finds its home in civil society. The rest of this book carries forward the attempt to specify the defining features of civil society by distinguishing it from what it is not. Its focus is on civil society not in the narrow sense of an array of nongovernmental institutions but in the broad sense of a social order hospitable to the flourishing of such independent groupings in its midst. (A whole chapter is devoted to arguing that civil society is a better brief description of such a society than “democracy.”) Gellner successively contrasts this kind of social order with preindustrial segmentary societies, Soviet communism, Islam, and various other historical forms. A former professor both of philosophy and of social anthropology, Gellner has written and edited books about...

John Brown's Forerunners: Slave Rescue Attempts and the Abolitionists, 1841–51

John Brown's Forerunners: Slave Rescue Attempts and the Abolitionists, 1841–51

National Pride and Defeat: A Comparison of Danish and German Nationalism

uncommon among the other European nations that became entangled in Germany's war and in its 'Final Solution' of the Jewish question. Today we know of the different rescue attempts initiated by individuals, groups and organizations who engaged in this complicated and mostly dangerous undertaking with varying success. All those struggling on behalf of the persecuted Jews faced formidable obstacles, factual and spiritual, in the political, social and individual realm.' The Danes, on the other hand officialdom, society and individuals acted from the beginning as though by pre-established agreement and when the danger for Jews became acute, united with remarkable ease in a national act of deliverance. In addition to the favourable geographical and political circumstances, it was the spontaneity of the unisonous response that engendered its outstanding success.2 During the ten years preceding the war, Danish society had by no means been uniform, and the political upheaval and social convulsions which shook the European nations had repercussions in Denmark. In their response to the German occupation, however, the Danes presented a united front, politically and socially. A broad coalition government was formed, assisted by a new body, the Council of Unity. Its founding statement declared:

Home Again

Southern Appalachian Archives/Berea College 7 Life is still hard in the remote, rugged hills of Elliott County, Kentucky. Unemployment is chronic, Kentucky 's highest at 25% and more; there are no industries, no significant coal deposits, little flat land for profitable farming. The sparse population, impossible terrain, financially strapped government and school systems, and politics -the sheriff who doesn't work, the tax assessor who doesn't mail out the bills-keep the county underdeveloped and in the Lexington news. A mass exodus over the past fifty years has weakened the pool of homegrown talent and leadership, and further handicapped this forgotten little pocket of Kentucky. Tobacco crops are cultivated on steep hillsides better suited to growing marijuana , probably today's number one cash crop in the county. Most who do have jobs commute. To nearby Morehead, to Ashland, to the West Virginia coal mines, even to Lexington, a hard twohour drive away. My family is from Gimlet, on Mauck Ridge in Elliott County, but few of us still live there. Most migrated out after World War II, north to the Ohio factories . We moved when I was about three years old, forty miles west to relatively flat and prosperous Fleming County. But we went home every Sunday to Elliott County, and I spent my summers there until I was too big to be spared so long from farm work. Elliott County has held a special place in my memories all these years, a special feeling for home, heritage, and family. I went back to Elliott County on a September Tuesday for a triple funeral, two young first cousins and a wife were killed while trying to blast open an old spring-fed well to get water to a mobile home. The first was killed by poison gas; the other two died in vain rescue attempts. Even in the Kentucky mountains, death is steady work. Probably the newest and nicest building in Sandy Hook, the county seat of Elliott County, is the funeral home. Modern, immaculate , brick-veneered, surrounded by a huge paved parking lot, air conditioned, the facility for leaving this world is far superior to any facility for being born. The crowd gathers early. The men come in dress cowboy boots, jeans or cheap dress pants, plaid flannel shirts or cowboy-cut uniform shirts, the raw and uncomfortable dressed-up look of loggers , truckers, and farmers. The women are too old for their years, worn by hard work, childbirth, poor medical care, and a lifestyle which leaves little room for frills. Some, the younger women, are beautiful in a classic mountain way. High cheekbones, fair skin, light hair, and clear blue eyes reflect the Cox family genes, my mother's blood, the Irish heritage which still surfaces. The older people are stiff, slowed, uncomplaining, grimly accepting of the tragedy. They accept me too, despite my jacket, tie, and uncalloused hands, once they ask and discover I'm Hack and Loval's second boy, the one who went away to college. The service is in the hands of the brothers, leaders of the family church, a dozen of them seated near the coffins, but first there's a surprising guitar-accompanied duet of a popular gospel song. Probably, we decide later, the young surviving wife insisted on this music and had her way despite the brothers ' ban on musical instruments. Then there's the undertaker's brief and formal summary of three short lives, and the brothers take over. Their music is a capella, lined out by the leader, and the hill country's version of a Gregorian chant fills the overcrowded parlor with a strangely harmonic , emotional, and primitive beauty. The first brother then takes the floor, speaking softly at first, warming up, breaking out in a sweat, building, then suddenly bursts into his hellfire and damnation Sunday sermon. For the first half hour or so there is a certain basic beauty and meaning to the rhythmic chanting, and many in the congregation 8 add their vocal support. The second and third brothers to preach, don't fare so well from an audience point of view. Women wander out to change diapers and nurse babies. Men step...

Why SosÚa? Trujillo’s motives for Jewish refugee settlement in the Dominican Republic

This paper deals with the motives of Rafael Trujillo Molino in offering European Jews sanctuary at Sosua, a town located on the northern coast of the Dominican Republic. Background information is furnished on the Evian Conference of 1938 and the deteriorating situation of European Jewry leading to the Holocaust. Trujillo was a complex personality with many motivations for his Sosuan proposal. Among them include: racial and demographic considerations, economic development, publicity, a desire to improve U.S.-Dominican relations, domestic political concerns, personal reasons, and personal financial aggrandizement. Thus Trujillo masked baser and more pragmatic considerations with his professed humanitarianism. The paper concludes with the placement of Sosua within the larger context of United States foreign policy concerns and resettlement and rescue attempts. A brief discussion and history of the community itself is also included. Trujillo’s motives reveal, in turn, a great deal about his personality.

Refusenik: Trapped in the Soviet Union

Mark Ya Azbel 1982 London: Hamish Hamilton xiii + 512 pp price £9.95 Physicists do not normally concern themselves actively with political issues in other countries. There are, however, occasions when their cosmopolitan and natural good nature is aroused sufficiently to make them aware of the suffering experienced by their colleagues elsewhere and to motivate them towards rescue attempts.