Raw Material Requirements Research Articles

Analisis Pengendalian Persediaan Bahan Baku Songkok ZNR dengan Menggunakan Metode Material Requirement Planning (MRP)

Background - This research is a case study research on the supply of raw material for ZNR skullcap which has advantages and disadvantages when product demand increases. Objective - The objectives of this study were to analyze how the implementation of raw material inventory control carried out by the company to determine the number of orders and the right time to place an order for raw materials so as to minimize the total costs incurred by the company by using the Material Requirement Planning (MRP) method. Design/Methodology/Approach - This research uses descriptive quantitative approach and MRP method with Lot Sizing, namely Lot for Lot (LFL), Part Period Balancing (PPB), and Wagner Whitin Algorithm (AWW). Findings - Using Lot Sizing PPB has the smallest inventory cost of Rp 229.820.- compared to LFL and AWW calculations. Research implications - In an effort to control raw material inventories related to costs, companies need to consider in terms of planning raw material requirements. Ensure the quantity to be produced in the next period based on the master production schedule so that the amount of raw material purchases can be ascertained so as not to experience overstock and raw material shortages. Research limitations – The PPB method will be difficult to use if the cost of storage is greater than the cost of ordering so it is difficult to determine the value of the Economic Part Period (EPP).

Environmental life cycle assessment of rockwool filled aluminum sandwich facade panels in Turkey

As composite materials combine multiple outstanding characteristics together such as light-weight, high resistance and durability, their consumption in the industry has been growing rapidly. This consumption causes environmental concerns due to raw material, energy and natural resource requirements through entire life cycle of composite materials in stages such as production, transportation, usage and disposal. Thus, assessment of environmental impact of composite materials gains more importance. This study provides a comprehensive life cycle inventory (LCI) data for the production process of 50 mm, 60 mm and 80 mm thick rockwool filled aluminum sandwich (RWFAS) facade panels. Environmental impacts of RWFAS panels from cradle to gate (optional) have been calculated by SimaPro software in accordance with ISO14040 and ISO14044 standards by life cycle assessment (LCA) method. As a result of the study, it was found that the most important environmental impacts have been caused by the production stage, and most of these impacts have been due to the use of aluminum sheet in the production process. When all panels were compared, it was determined that 80 mm thick RWFAS panel had the highest values in all environmental impact categories when compared with other sandwich panels.

PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SERBUK HASIL OLAHAN KAYU SEBAGAI BAHAN PAPAN PARTIKEL DI UKM AISYAH MEBEL PALANGKA RAYA

Excessive use of wood can cause the amount of wood to be cut to increase as a result, wood is increasingly difficult to obtain. It should be realized that the use of forest products through the processing industry must begin to be observed and efforts must be made to use raw materials that must be able to be processed and produce useful and valuable products, even optimizing materials and minimizing waste or being environmentally friendly. The wood and non-timber waste is used for recycled products that can provide economic value benefits for the community. The raw material for particleboard comes from the rest of the wood processing in the sawmill industry, so it doesn't require high raw material requirements. The activity of utilizing processed wood powder waste is carried out at UKM Aisyah Furniture, Palangkaraya. The process of making particle board made from sawdust can use fox glue. The distribution of particles and adhesive that spreads evenly tends to get a more even board density. Knowledge of the utilization of wood-processed powder waste can be used to utilize wood-processed sawdust waste so that it has economic value

СТАН СВІТОВОГО РИНКУ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНИХ МОЛОЧНИХ ПРОДУКТІВ

The article is devoted to the study of the current state and prospects of the world market of alternative dairy prod-ucts, as well as the impact of these trends on the world market of natural dairy products of animal origin. It was found that the market for plant-based products without ingredients of animal origin has been growing rapidly in recent years: there are more and more companies producing such products, increasing production volumes, increasing consumer demand. The range is gradually expanding. And this, in turn, corresponds to the achievement of the goals of sustainable development of the UN: both in terms of equal access of consumers to products and producers to conduct their business and compete in the food market. Alternatives continue to take a share of traditional products and negatively affect the dairy industry. Plant-based dairy products have nutritional benefits, including lower calories, saturated fats and sugar (lactose), and many of these products are fortified and considered equivalent or better than cow's milk products. Among young people, plant-based milk alternatives are unfortunately associated with a health-ier lifestyle, and marketers are effectively spreading such misinformation. Also, according to research by Harvard scientists, the production of vegetable milk also reduces the overall «carbon footprint», because its production emits less carbon dioxide. and marketers effectively spread such misinformation. Also, according to research by Harvard scientists, the production of vegetable milk also reduces the overall "carbon footprint", because its production emits less carbon dioxide and marketers effectively spread such misinformation. Also, according to research by Harvard scientists, the production of vegetable milk also reduces the overall "carbon footprint", because its production emits less carbon dioxide. In order to ensure fair competition and maximize consumer choice, it is necessary to create a fair regulatory framework for plant products and alternative proteins. However, it is important to remember that nat-ural milk is a unique product, which, unlike vegetable milk, is not possible for everyone to make at home. It should be noted that in Ukraine there is no state standard for vegetable milk, ie requirements for raw materials, conditions of transportation and storage.

Analysis of the impact of circular economy over linear economy in the paper processing industry

In the present scenario, the linear economy principles are widely used in all fields. As per the linear economy concern once the product is utilized and treated as a waste. In the future, the raw material requirement plays a vital role in many fields because of the lack of availability of resources. To meet the future demand, we need to focus on new techniques, methodologies, and principles for the effective utilization of resources. Given literature, the linear economy principles are replaced by the circular economy in many sectors. As per the circular economy concern, the waste product is again utilized as an input for making secondary products. In this paper, an attempt is made on the effective utilization of paper waste for making secondary products using circular economy techniques. The 9R model is used for the subjective study of various stages of paper-making processes. In addition to that, the fuzzy DEMATAL method is used for pairwise comparison of the linear economy, circular economy, and paper waste. Further analysis is carried out on how the solid waste and waste heat are treated as an input for making secondary products such as agricultural products, fuel, etc.

Optimization And Analysis Of Copper Wire Raw Material Inventory For Magnetic Process With Dynamic Programming Method

Inventory control is an important problem that is commonly faced by a company, because the presence of raw materials is very important for companies, therefore it is necessary to carry out good inventory control management in managing raw material inventory, raw materials are materials that are part of the finished product and can be identified to the finished product. One of the methods used to plan raw material control is to use dynamic programming methods. Before performing calculations with dynamic programming, it is necessary to forecast the use of raw materials for the next one year period, then dynamic program calculations can be done by making mathematical models, determining the objective function, constraint function, and recursive function of the problem at hand. This study aims to determine the raw material requirements of copper wire needed for production in the 2021 period. To optimize the supply of copper wire raw materials in order to minimize ordering costs, purchasing costs, and raw material storage costs.

Aluminum resistance of malting barley

Background. Barley is the second cereal crop in Russia in terms of its importance and production volume. It is used for food, feed, and industrial purposes. The production of malting barley in Russia exceeds 1.5 million tons; each year the area under this crop increases by 10–15%, reaching 600,000– 800,000 hectares. Barleys suitable for brewing must have certain physicochemical and technological properties. The main requirements for raw materials are presented in GOST 5060-86 (state standard for malting barley). An important condition for obtaining sustainable harvests is the development and utilization of cultivars resistant to a set of edaphic stressors. The purpose of this work was searching for resistant cultivars for use in targeted breeding.Materials and methods. The material for the study included 161 spring barley cultivars for brewing from the collection of plant genetic resources held by VIR. The laboratory assessment of aluminum tolerance in barley accessions was carried out at the initial phases of plant growth and development, using the method of calculating root and shoot length indices. The tested malting barley was classified into five resistance groups.Results and conclusions. Cultivars resistant to Al3+ ions were identified among different ecogeographic groups of malting barleys. The trait had a wide range of variability in terms of both the root length index (0.17–0.95) and shoot length index (0.47–0.99). Accessions with high resistance to ionic (Al3+) stress can be used in barley breeding targeted at the development of high-yielding malting cultivars most adapted to harmful environmental factors.

Investigation of the liquefaction possibility of Ermenek lignite as an alternative clean energy source

Coal liquefaction; can be defined as the transformation of coal into products that have a high energy density, can be easily stored and transported and do not create environmental pollution, to meet both fuel and chemical raw material requirements.
 This study was carried out to determine the yields of the products formed as a result of the liquefaction of Konya-Ermenek lignite in the N2 atmosphere and under non-catalytic conditions. Proximate and ultimate analysis of the obtained solid and liquid products was made. The composition of the oil product was determined by GC-MS. As a result of liquefaction, the char yield was 71.37%, the preasphaltene yield was 12.24%, the asphaltene yield was 2.23% and the oil + gas yield was 14.16%. It was determined that the higher heating value of 4199 kcal/kg in raw lignite is twice as high in liquefaction products. It was determined that the sulfur content of 3.94% in raw lignite decreased to 1.54%, 0.85% and 0.44% in char, preasphaltene and oil, respectively.

Supply Chain - innovation: past, present, and future

Nowadays, one of the factors that enable businesses to adapt to markets that are constantly renewed and changing due to the ever-increasing flow of information, and perhaps the most important, is innovation. Innovation is a topic that is frequently studied by both markets and academics. However, the increase in the quantity of studies conducted is far from meeting the need in this field. As a result of the shortening of product life cycles in current market conditions, companies are obliged to continuously innovate in order to sustain their existence. Increasing raw material and resource diversification requirement due to the increasing need for innovation made it necessary to examine and understand the supply chain in the context of innovation. The importance of innovation, especially in the case of participation by suppliers in innovation for a competitive advantage, has resulted in many in-depth studies published in research papers in the field. In this study, articles published in the Web of Science database between 1996-2020 and covering the topics of supply chain and innovation were analyzed in order to reveal the patterns of supply chain management and innovation research, identify relative deficiencies and provide some guidelines. For this purpose, a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis related has been made. It has been possible to determine the effective actors in the field by including the distribution of the concepts in question according to time, countries, universities and journals. In addition, as a result of the keyword analysis, the evolution and open points of the field over time are among the findings of the study.

Development of the technology of production of cheese ‘Suluguni’ for farms

The aim of the research is the development of a technology for the production of ‘Suluguni’ cheese for farms from milk of cows. Investigations of the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of cows’ milk were carried out using by ultrasonic method. It was found that the mass fraction of protein in milk is 3.19±0.02%, fat is from 4.32±0.06% to 5.07±0.08%. For the production of cheese, milk was standardized. The protein content in normalized milk is 3.37±0.02%, fat - 2.84±0.03%. The ratio of the mass fraction of protein and fat in normalized milk was 1.00:1.19. It was found that the milk of cows meets the requirements for raw materials for the production of cheese. We have developed a technology for the production of brine cheese ‘Suluguni’, which consists of the following operations: receiving milk, preparing milk for making cheese, fermenting, curdling and processing the curd, setting grain, drying, cheddaring, melting, forming a cheese head, salting, storing, transportation and sale of products. Cheese meets the requirements for organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological indicators. The research results make it possible to recommend to farms the technology for the production of ‘Suluguni’ cheese with cheddaring and thermomechanical processing of the cheese mass.

Market adaptation of agricultural enterprises

Problems of adaptation agricultural enterprises to the market environment are analyzed. Adaptation in agriculture is complicated by the long production period and volatility of product prices. Due to the improper formation of infrastructure, the agricultural market does not perform the function of price stabilization. Constant re-profiling of the enterprise is required. This does not contribute to stable functioning. There are not price forecasting services in Ukraine. Financial resources and staffing of even relatively large enterprises are insufficient for such forecasting. In such conditions, especially large-sized enterprises are developing as a priority. Their activities are focused on foreign markets, where prices are more stable. This strengthens the export potential of Ukraine's agriculture and exacerbates rural unemployment and social problems in rural areas. In addition, it is difficult for large enterprises to adapt to market environment. Compared to small enterprises, their re-profiling requires longer time and greater financial resources. In highly competitive markets, the differentiation of consumers by requirements for food products is growing. Manufacturers of undifferentiated mass-produced products using intensive technologies are losing their competitive position. The popularity of small batches of products is growing, which is more acceptable for potential consumers of target market segments. The production and bringing to market of such products requires the coordinated activities of all economic entities united by a common chain of movement of goods. To achieve this, state incentives are needed for the creation and development of cluster-type economic systems, which harmonize the requirements for raw materials and products of its processing, delivery times, prices. Production of craft products can be organized in some agricultural enterprises. The higher cost of such products is offset by higher sales prices. The creation of such systems can be initiated by processing enterprises that invest in the production of raw materials. State support for such structures is more effective than direct state financial support for individual industries.

Integration of raw materials indicators of energy technologies into energy system models

Raw materials and their related environmental impacts will play a key role in the implementation of renewable energy infrastructures for decarbonization. Despite the growing amount of data quantifying raw materials for energy production technologies, few examples of these data sources are being included in current energy system models. Accordingly, this paper introduces possible pathways for integrating material-specific life cycle assessment outputs and material metabolism indicators into energy system models so that raw material requirements, and their associated impacts, can be accounted for. The paper discusses the availability of life cycle inventories, impact assessment methods and important output indicators. The material metabolism indicators most relevant to the current policy debate surrounding the European Green Deal–namely, material supply risk and contribution of recycled materials to total supply–are also discussed alongside the value of adding this information to energy system models. A methodology for using data from both approaches is offered and operationalised using four sub-technologies of both wind turbines and solar photovoltaic panels as case studies. The results show that considerable variation exists between and within the two groups for all indicators. The technologies with the lowest global warming potential, cumulative energy demand and supply risk are turbines with gearbox double-fed induction generators and cadmium telluride photovoltaics. Furthermore, wind turbines exhibit significantly higher recycling rates than photovoltaics. Ultimately, the integration of such methodologies into energy system models could greatly increase the awareness of raw material issues and guide policies that maximise compatibilities between resource availability and cleaner energy systems.

An Empirical Analysis of Timber Trade in India

Forests are renewable resources that contribute significantly to economic growth. The economic contribution by forest is through the valuable commodities including wood, paper and non-timber forest products. One among this is timber, it has been the primary material for house construction and furnishings of all kinds over the years. Timber plays a vital role in international trade in India. This study was focused on finding growth pattern in export and import of timber using Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). Over the period of 2005-2019, the production of timber has been increased at the rate of 0.07%. The import performance was dominant over the export due to over requirements of raw materials. Although export showed positive growth rate at 0.15%, import of timber shot up at 4.09% from 2005-2019. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce adequate due diligence system to meet domestic demand of timber production in India.

Design and Manufacturing of The Prototype System for Recycling Waste Generated in 3 Dimensional Production to Filaments by Fused Deposition Modeling Method

Nowadays, three-dimensional printers have come to an important place in many sectors with the development of technology. Printers that provide layered manufacturing have different raw materials requirements to be able to work the substance called filament is one of the raw materials of three-dimensional printers. The most preferred raw material for a three-dimensional printer is filament compared to other raw materials. The layered manufacturing device may take wrong printing or undesired printing for any reason. It is important to be able to recycle the product resulting from these printings. The aim of this work is to make the filament re-usable for layered manufacturing. With a structure consisting of crushers, extrusion, water and air cooling units, pulling, rotary, wrapper and automatic control units, a system including mechanical, electronic and software processes was designed, and filaments of desired dimensions were obtained within the scope of the study.

The impact of climate policy implementation on lithium, cobalt and nickel demand: The case of the Dutch automotive sector up to 2040

The Dutch national climate agreement (‘Klimaatakkoord’), stipulates a 49% decrease in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030, relative to the 1990 level. To accommodate this target, the passenger vehicles sector must reduce its GHG emissions by 30% in 2030, which likely will come about by replacing internal combustion engine vehicles with electric vehicles. In this study, a dynamic material flow model combined was applied to investigate the future demand for (and metabolism of) lithium, cobalt, and nickel within various scenarios of Dutch electric vehicle markets stemming from climate policy implementation. Our results show that by 2040 the demand for electric vehicles rapidly grows by an order of magnitude, which expands by two orders of magnitude the annual accumulation of these metals in the Netherlands when compared to the 2019 levels. Lithium and nickel demand will keep increasing through 2040, while the demand trend of cobalt will start to drop after 2030, due to changes in battery technology. Increasing the EV driving range and replacing EV batteries during an EV lifetime will increase the demand for these metals by 10%–19%. Conversely, extending the average battery lifetime to meet the vehicle lifetime could reduce the demand of these metals by 30%. Due to the low open-loop recycling of these metals, policies must seek to minimize their presence in the electric mobility sector, while also stimulating better recycling practices and infrastructure. • The demand for electric vehicles (EV) and Li, Co and Ni used in the EV batteries will be accelerated under the promotion of the Dutch climate policy. • The innovation in battery cathode technology is one of the factors to diversify the requirements of raw materials. • The extension of battery service life is important to lessen the demand for primary materials.

PERENCANAAN KEBUTUHAN BAHAN BAKU PADA PROSES PRODUKSI TAS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE MATERIAL REQUIREMENT PLANNING (MRP)

UD. Elindo Jaya is a home industry engaged in making bags. This home industry manages raw materials into finished goods. Inventory is important for the home industry. Availability of raw materials in the right amount and time is a support for the smooth production process and can avoid shortages and excess of raw materials that can affect costs incurred. The problem that is formulated is how many raw materials for each order and when the components of these raw materials must be available in the warehouse in the right amount and time. The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of raw materials per order so that effectiveness can be achieved and to know the amount and time that must be available for the smooth running of the production process. Material requirement planning (MRP) is a method for knowing the planning of the production process and the raw material requirements for each component and determining the lead time for orders. From the data processing analysis carried out based on the MRP method, the raw material for producing 1000 bags requires 2.2 rolls of varing material on the 3rd day, 2000 sewing threads on the 4th day, 5.5 miniso material on the 3rd day, 2,2 zipper rollers on the 4th day, and 100 M of the rante accessories on the 4th day.

Growth, development, morphology and biochemical characteristics of <i>Solidago canadensis</i> L. plants when introduced in the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic

The paper presents the results of a long-term study of four samples of Canadian goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) of different geographic origin introduced in the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic. Under cultural conditions, the species is highly resistant and longevity (up to 18 years). It has been established that with the introduction in the North, reproduction of the Canadian goldenrod is possible by vegetative means, as well as from seeds of foreign origin. The mass transition of plants grown by seedlings to the generative period occurs in the third year of life. According to the flowering rhythm (July 31 September 25), the species is classified as a mid-summer-mid-autumn plant. Fruiting of plants is interrupted by frost, full-fledged seeds are not formed. The morphological features of the generative shoot have been studied. The plant height in culture reaches 143155 cm. The number of leaves on the stem is 63101. The floral part of the shoot (inflorescence) 3039 cm long is formed from the axils of 4149 leaves and consists of 2141 paracladia 813 cm long. The number of baskets on one shoot in different specimens of Canadian goldenrod varies from 2700 to 4200. The content of nitrogen mass fraction (1,83,0%) in the aboveground raw phytomass of Canadian goldenrod has been studied for the first time and the quantitative and qualitative composition of amino acids in plant proteins has been determined. The total content of amino acids in the plant raw material of Canadian goldenrod has varied from 7,9 to 15,1% over the years. In the aboveground phytomass of plants, 17 amino acids have been found and determined, including 7 irreplaceable ones. The share of essential amino acids has averaged 37% of the total. The highest rates of equity participation have been noted for the following amino acids: proline, glutamic, aspartic, lysine, leucine, valine, alanine, arginine and glycine 13,2; 11,0; 10,8; 8,4; 8,0; 5,9; 5,8; 5,7 and 5,2%, respectively. In the conditions of the North, biochemical studies of this species have been carried out for the first time. The content of flavonols in the aboveground raw phytomass of Canadian goldenrod have been 4,55,7% and met the requirements for medicinal raw materials (more than 3%). The yield of essential oil and its component composition have been determined. The EO content in the aboveground phytomass of plants has varied from 0,85 to 1,7% in terms of absolutely dry raw material. In the composition of EM, 39 components have been reliably identified, nine of which have been attributed to the main ones. The dominant compounds are: -pinene (up to 43,9%), myrcene (up to 18,2%), limonene (up to 13,2%), -3-carene (up to 12,0%); from sesquiterpenoids: germacrene D (up to 54,3%), bornyl acetate (up to 5,8%), geranyl acetate (up to 2,4%), cadinadiene (up to 2,0%), sesqui-fellandrene (up to 1,4%).

Integrasi Linear Regression dan Aggregate Planning untuk Perencanaan dan Pengendalian Produksi Leaf Spring Hino OW 190/200 di Industri Komponen Otomotif

Production planning and control in a manufacturing company involves all production activities from raw material requirements to finished products. The Jakarta Automotive Components Industry is engaged in manufacturing which produces leaf spring products that are sent to several regular customers, namely the Automotive Assembly Industry. Leaf spring Hino OW 190/200 is the type of spring ordered and shipped to PT. HMMI. Based on data for the January-December 2019 period, the demand for Hino OW 190/200 leaf spring has fluctuated quite significantly. The purpose of this study was to plan and control the production process of Leaf Spring Hino OW 190/200. Forecasting for the next 12 periods is based on demand plots from the previous 12 periods, calculating the Aggregate production plan, determining the Master Production Schedule (MPS), calculating raw material requirements using the Hybrid and Lot for Lot methods. The results showed that to support the smooth production, it can be seen that the production planning for forecasting calculations using the Linear Regression method generates a model Y=319,575+3,723X. Calculation of the need for main raw materials and components in 2020 uses the Hybrid and Lot for Lot method, which is 256,182.88 kg, much smaller than the company's calculations based on 2019 data, namely 259,827.40 kg.

Lunar soil-analogue VI-75 for large-scale experiments

At the present stage of the Moon study and exploration, the lunar soil model for large-scale field experiments is one of the most relevant for drop tests of lunar landing spacecraft, to develop test sites for testing self-propelled or manned lunar rovers, for designing and testing elements of lunar infrastructure, and so on. We analyzed the basic requirements for raw materials and lunar soil models for large-scale field experimental studies. The main physical and mechanical properties of the lunar soil for the verification of soil-analogues and the selection of raw materials for modeling mixtures are considered. We present the method of developing of the lunar soil-analogue, the measured physical and mechanical properties of the soil-analogues are given, including the deformation characteristics, and the technology of laying the soil-analogue in the test bench is considered. It is shown that our lunar soil analogue VI-75 fully imitates physical and mechanical properties of an original lunar soil at loose and compact state. Experiments confirmed its high operational properties and qualities.

О вовлечении отвалов горной массы в хозяйственный оборот и месте в этом процессе буровзрывных работ

On the territory of the Russian Federation, exactly as in the rest of the world, huge amounts of mining waste have been accumulated. Most of them in open-pit mining are dumps of rock mass that occupy huge territories and have a significant negative impact on the earth's ecology. Most of the dumps are non-toxic and can be used for economic purposes where sand and stone are needed-in construction. However, the volumes are too large and only a small part can be used for the production of building materials. Another thing is if you need a large amount of rock for the construction of a long roadbed. There are other requirements for raw materials and the possibility of releasing large areas occupied by dumps. This direction has significant potential, because on the one hand, cheap construction raw materials, and on the other – a reduction in fees for the use of land (especially relevant for large mining and processing plants). The development of dumps as man-made deposits has its own risks and associated problems. However, it leads to the development of new technological solutions, which in turn opens up certain prospects for subsoil users. Currently, this direction is in its infancy, but the scale of the problem of storing dumps is already obvious. Therefore, despite the doubts, recycling of dumps is inevitable. It is also clear that this processing should be in huge volumes. And such volumes of use in the Russian Federation can only be achieved when building roads.