Lubrication Requirements Research Articles

Third Paper: Lubricant Development for the Wankel-Type Rotary Engine

A review has been made of the factors which may influence the development of lubricants suitable for the Wankel-type engines. The lubricant requirements of the Audi-NSU Ro80 engine are discussed in comparison with the performance level of lubricants currently in use with conventional reciprocating piston engines. In Europe, high-speed pre-ignition has been one of the main causes for concern, but at the other end of the performance scale, cold wear of cast-iron apex seals under ‘stop and go’ driving conditions, created conflicting performance requirements for the lubricant under development. A compromise lubricant formulation has given complete freedom from pre-ignition and a marked decrease in the ‘cold wear’ rates, whilst maintaining the other desirable properties necessary for satisfactory Wankel-engine performance.

Additive Interference in Dibenzyl Disulfide Extreme Pressure Lubrication

A series of very simple radioactive chemical tests has been carried out to measure reaction of dibenzyl disulfide on steel. By comparing the results with friction experiments under the same conditions, some of the requirements of extreme pressure lubrication have been determined. Current views on the mechanism of reactions of dibenzyl disulfide have been confirmed and it has been demonstrated that only a thin EP film is needed to give boundary lubrication. In particular, an important additive interference effect has been noted between extreme pressure activity and high temperature detergents.

The Selection of Lubricating Oils for Industrial Plant: The User's Point of View

It is shown that a small number of oil viscosity grades should satisfy the lubrication requirements of most industrial plants. Problems with lubricating oil additives are discussed and it is concluded that such materials should only be used where proven essential.

The Selection of Lubricating Oils for Industrial Plant: The User's Point of View

It is shown that a small number of oil viscosity grades should satisfy the lubrication requirements of most industrial plants. Problems with lubricating oil additives are discussed and it is concluded that such materials should only be used where proven essential.

Paper 10. Manual Gearboxes—Cross-Country Vehicles

The aspects of design peculiar to the transmission unit of the cross-country vehicle are dealt with in this paper. General problems associated with four-wheel-drive vehicles, inasmuch as they affect the transmission unit, are considered together with the effect of gear ratio range and controls on clutch life, related to operator usage. Consideration is also given to requirements of casings, transmission brakes, lubrication, sealing, and breathing. The provision for power takeoff drives together with their power requirements are covered and the basic design of the transmission unit is considered in relation to service experience.

Paper 10: Lubrication of Air Compressors

There is an increasing use of pneumatic equipment in production and process industries and reliability of equipment in these industries is of paramount importance. The failure of an air compressor due to deficiencies in the lubricant can be very costly. In this paper important aspects of lubricant performance are discussed. The differences between the requirements of lubricants for rotary oil-cooled air compressors and for reciprocating air compressors are highlighted. Some of the requirements are conflicting and can cause problems if an oil is used in a type of compressor for which it is not designed. Mechanisms by which oil can cause failures are analysed. Some of the failures are common to certain types of compressor. Guidance is given which can reduce the risks of failures. This includes both design and operating instructions. Finally, full-scale methods of test for rotary oil-cooled and reciprocating air compressors are given, including a test method for very high-pressure reciprocating compressors; typical test results are supplied.

Lubrication requirements of a modern diesel engine : John A. McLain, Lubrication Eng., 24 (6) (1968) 254–261; 12 figs; 3 tables, 3 refs.

Lubrication requirements of a modern diesel engine : John A. McLain, Lubrication Eng., 24 (6) (1968) 254–261; 12 figs; 3 tables, 3 refs.

Lubrication requirements of a modern diesel engine: Lubrication Engineering, Vol 24, No 6 (June 1968) pp 254–261

Lubrication requirements of a modern diesel engine: Lubrication Engineering, Vol 24, No 6 (June 1968) pp 254–261

Paper 2: Rolling Elements for Elevated Temperatures

Elevated temperature is one of the hostile environments in which rolling bearings are expected to operate. The problems that have arisen, the requirements of materials and lubricants for the solution of these problems, together with the work undertaken to investigate them, are discussed. Accelerated service simulation tests have been carried out to assess materials and surface treatments for elevated temperature and unlubricated rolling contact applications and to compare their liability to deleterious lubricant effects. The role of solid film lubricants and surface treatments that lubricate has been explored. Microscopical and metallurgical investigations of failed specimens have been carried out to aid the study of failure mechanisms. The paper reviews the results of rolling four-ball tests carried out at N.E.L. with materials, surface treatments, and lubricants potentially suitable for elevated temperature rolling mechanisms and materials for unlubricated rolling contact.

Sour Gas Compression at the Whitecourt Plant

ABSTRACT The West Whitecourt Plant uses 12,500 Bhp for the compression of sournatural gases containing 25 to 50 percent H,S. Compression ratios range from 2.4 to 4.6, suction pressures from 400 to 1,800 psig, and discharge pressuresfrom 1,800 to 4,000 psig. This sour gas has been successfully handled for thepast five years. Numerous problems related to valves, piston rings, rodpacking, piston rods, cylinders and the selection of lubricants have beenencountered and solved. The solutions to these problems were dependent upongood material selection in the case of packing and rings, and special metallurgical requirements for pistons, piston rods and valves. Special operating techniques and good preventive maintenance practices, incorporating proper material selection, lubrication and metallurgical requirements, haveresulted in a high degree of compressor dependability. INTRODUCTION THE WEST WHITECOURT PLANT COMPRESSOR STATION is located in the Windfall gasfield, 26 miles west of the town of Whitecourt, Alberta. The compressor stationand gas processing plant are operated by Pan American Petroleum Corporation onbehalf of itself, Hudson's Bay Oil and Gas Company Limited and Canadian Fina Oil Limited. The compressor plant is primarily employed to inject sour gas fromthe Pine TO AMINE UNIT SALES Creek and Beaver Creek gas fields into the Windfall reservoir for cycling and pressure maintenance. De- hydrated gas from the Pine Creek and the Beaver Creek fields., located 25 miles southeast of the West Whitecourt plant, is transported through a 14-in., 25-mile pipeline. Injection commenced in April, 1962, and will continue until approximately 1975. The compressors will then be utilized as boosters during blowdown of the Windfall reservoir.

Survey of aerospace requirements for bearings and lubricants : D. G. Flom, Lubrication Eng., 22 (10) (1966) 415–423; 6 figs., 2 tables, 24 refs.

Survey of aerospace requirements for bearings and lubricants : D. G. Flom, Lubrication Eng., 22 (10) (1966) 415–423; 6 figs., 2 tables, 24 refs.

Mercury-Lubricated Hybrid Bearings for the Silent Compact Auxiliary Power (SCAP) System

The lubrication requirements of the Mercury Rankine Silent Compact Auxiliary Power (SCAP) system are presented and the types of journal and thrust bearings suitable for the application are reviewed. Mercury lubricated hybrid bearings have been successfully developed for the turboalternator that are capable of a dry start, and operation in a vertical orientation and at elevated temperatures up to 400 F. Performance characteristics of these bearings operating at mean Reynolds numbers of approximately 4,500 are presented.

Paper 18: Special Lubrication Requirements of Iron and Steel Works

Paper 18: Special Lubrication Requirements of Iron and Steel Works

Fuel and lubricant requirements of modern high output two-stroke cycle outboard motors : G. H. Millar and B. Carlson, Lubrication eng., 19 (1) (1963) 21–27; 12 fig., 1 ref.

Fuel and lubricant requirements of modern high output two-stroke cycle outboard motors : G. H. Millar and B. Carlson, Lubrication eng., 19 (1) (1963) 21–27; 12 fig., 1 ref.

Anti-Friction bearing lubricant requirements in high altitude environments : R. A. Coit and S. S. Sorem, Lubrication Eng., 18 (10) (1962) 438–442; 3 figs., 3 tables, 2 refs.

Anti-Friction bearing lubricant requirements in high altitude environments : R. A. Coit and S. S. Sorem, Lubrication Eng., 18 (10) (1962) 438–442; 3 figs., 3 tables, 2 refs.

Proceedings of the Air Force-Navy-Industry Propulsion Systems Lubricants Conference : Book; for abstract see Appl. Mechanics Revs., 15 (1962) 415

Abstract : Papers presented at the Air Force-Navy-Industry Propulsion Systems Lubricants Conference held in San Antonio, Texas on 15, 16, and 17 November 1960 are presented. The conference was attended by approximately 300 representatives of Industry, the Department of Defense, and other Government Agencies. A total of twenty-two papers were presented providing a review of lubrication requirements for future propulsion missions and of current research programs pertinent to gas turbine engines, rocket engines, and flight vehicle power. (Author)

Bearing and lubricant requirements for some aerospace projects: Discussion and preliminary investigation : R. H. Larson and A. G. Piken. ASLE Trans., 5 (1962) 1–7; 4 figs., 2 tables, 11 refs.

Bearing and lubricant requirements for some aerospace projects: Discussion and preliminary investigation : R. H. Larson and A. G. Piken. ASLE Trans., 5 (1962) 1–7; 4 figs., 2 tables, 11 refs.

Lubricants for Nuclear Reactors

The earlier British carbon-dioxide-cooled, graphite-moderated power reactors were designed to operate without lubrication. This was necessitated by lack of knowledge of the effects of radiation and other reactor operating conditions on lubricants, and of the degree of compatibility of lubricants with reactor materials Investigations carried out over the past few years of the effects of nuclear radiation on many types of lubricant have shown that it is possible to produce materials capable of lubricating some reactor components. In order to further the development of such lubricants the U.K.A.E.A. and the nuclear manufacturing groups have co-operated in providing lubricant manufacturers with details of design and operating conditions of reactor components which it is desirable to lubricate In this paper is described the range of operating conditions which lubricants are expected to encounter in different reactors, with particular emphasis on the C02-cooled, graphite-moderated reactor. Nuclear lubricant requirements proposed by the U.K.A.E.A. to cater for many applications are also discussed With this information available it is now possible to assess realistically the types of test facility necessary for the evaluation of nuclear lubricants. Such test facilities are described. They include irradiation sources, a test rig for running under irradiation conditions, various test rigs to simulate reactor operating conditions for testing products both before and after static irradiation, and other specialized equipment The effect of radiation on both conventional and nuclear lubricants is described and the use of ‘anti-rads’ illustrated. Attention is drawn to other desirable properties of nuclear lubricants such as temperature stability, low volatility and compatibility with reactor and fuel-can materials Designers of reactor machinery have taken, and will increasingly continue to take, advantage of the developments in lubricants but, while still further advances in lubricant quality will be made, some components, particularly of the more advanced types of reactor, will probably continue of necessity to be operated without lubrication

Bearing and Lubricant Requirements for Some Aerospace Projects: Discussion and Preliminary Investigation

This paper illustrates some of the pressing bearing and lubrication problems which confront the aero-space industry today. Specific requirements of bearings and lubricants for nuclear engine controls and a hot gas flight stabilization system are given. The results of a lubricant survey are discussed, and the preliminary test results obtained in a 600 F lubricant evaluation program are presented. A brief discussion of the merits and limitations of gas lubricated bearings in extreme environments is included. The concluding remarks emphasize the need for increased bearing and lubricant research.

Lubricants for Nuclear Reactors

A paper with the above title was presented by P. E. B. Vaile, A.M.I.Mech.E., for discussion at a meeting of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers at the Social Club of Hoffmann Manufacturing Co. Ltd., Chelmsford, on 14th September. The paper was sponsored by the Lubrication Group in conjunction with the Nuclear Energy Group. We give here extracts from this paper. Copies of the complete paper are available from The Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 1 Birdcage Walk, London, S.W.1., who invite written communications thereon, which should reach them not later than 31st October. The first part of this paper dealt with industrial power reactors of the CO2 cooled, graphite‐moderated types, high‐temperature gas‐cooled types, etc., and gave details of the U.K.A.E.A. requirements for nuclear lubricants.