Requirements Of Labor Market Research Articles

ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЙ АУТСОРСИНГ КАК ИНСТИТУТ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ СУБЪЕКТОВ СФЕРЫ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ КОМПЬЮТЕРНО-СЕТЕВОГО ЗНАНИЯ

Актуальность исследования обусловлена растущей потребностью повышения степени соответствия компетенций выпускников национальной системы подготовки профессиональных кадров требованиям современного рынка труда в условиях трансформации современной российской экономики в экономику компьютерно-сетевого знания. Предметом исследования является формирующийся в национальной сфере профессиональной подготовки кадров процесс передачи на основе долгосрочных договоров отдельных функций одной учебной организации другой. При этом последняя может являться элементом как образовательной системы, так и принадлежать иной функциональной системе. Этот вид отношений фиксируется в понятии «образовательный аутсорсинг». Доказывается, что «образовательный аутсорсинг» – это категория институциональной экономической теории, которая отражает процесс функциональной интеграции субъектов-участников подготовки профессиональных кадров в национальной экономике на этапе её сетевой компьютеризации, обеспечивающей эффективную адаптацию будущих профессиональных кадров к работе на основе информационно-телекоммуникативных и электронно-когнитивных технологий. В условиях растущей системной компьютеризации национальной экономики образовательный аутсорсинг становится особым институтом сферы подготовки кадров, основной функцией которого является формирование единого компьютерно-сетевого образовательного пространства (платформы). В результате возникает дополнительный синергетический эффект повышения качества существующих и создания новых общих и специальных компетенций у выпускников национальной системы профессионального образования. Цель исследования состоит в обосновании содержания и функций категории институциональной теории «образовательный аутсорсинг» как института функциональной интеграции субъектов системы подготовки кадров в экономике России на этапе её трансформации в экономику компьютерно-сетевого знания. Методы исследования: процессуально-когнитивные (абстрагирование, движение от абстрактного к конкретному и обратно, системно-функциональный анализ); семантический (гипотетико-дедуктивный, аксиомо-индуктивный); эмпирический (наблюдение, описание, систематизация); аналитико-статистический (анализ временных рядов, корреляционно-аналитический, факторно-аналитический). Результаты: доказана необходимость введения в институциональную экономическую теорию категории «образовательный аутсорсинг», раскрыта её сущность, обоснованы функции, показан механизм реализации и возникающие при этом проблемы. Выводы: изменение предпочтений субъектов экономики в сфере образования привело к институциональным инновациям, в том числе к внедрению образовательного аутсорсинга. Институт «образовательный аутсорсинг» обеспечивает повышение качества существующих и формирование новых общих и специальных компетенций выпускников российской системы профессионального образования за счет создания единого интегрированного национального пространства профессионального обучения как фактора развития национальной экономики компьютерно-сетевого знания.

High Quality Human Resources Development

Human resources, especially highquality human resources play an important role in development of the economy and the society. In a globalization circumstance with a strongly development of “Industries 4.0”, Vietnamese government was focusing in building a highly qualified human resources to satisfy the need of development and globalizations; in which, concentrating human resources for industries with high technology content and added value, improving training quality to meet labor market requirements at home and abroad. However, over the past years, Vietnam has faced great challenges, high-quality human resources have not met the requirements of socio-economic development in the current international integration process. Therefore, it is necessary to have a system of solutions deployed synchronously in order to develop more high-quality human resources to meet the development requirements of Vietnam in the international integration process.

Introduction of adult education as a modern educational and economic labour market trend

This article is based on a quantitative study using methods of statistical analysis of indicators of online education during adult life (25-64 years) within the EU. It has been revealed the relationship of changing forms of adult learning through the transformation of labor market requirements. The study confirms the link between employment in production and the provision of adult education by employers. This is well seen in the socio-economic development of the country, which determines the needs, regional specifics of the labor market, affects adult learning throughout life. The regional specificity of the labor market is a prerequisite for adult lifelong learning and determines the level of involvement of the population in online lifelong learning. There is a significant differentiation between formal and non-formal education (3.7% and 13.2%) within the EU. Online education is more common in the most developed countries with a highly developed economy of knowledge and creative economics. The latest trend in online employee education is the integration of training systems into software.

Students’ Perceptions Regarding the University Education Outcomes and Labor Market Requirements: Empirical Study

Students’ Perceptions Regarding the University Education Outcomes and Labor Market Requirements: Empirical Study Rebaz Nooradeen Aziz1 and Hussein Ahmad Mustafa2 1,2 The College of Administration and Economics, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq Correspondence: rebaz.aziz@su.edu.krd, hussein.mustafa@su.edu.krd. Abstract The primary purpose of this research is to examine students’ perceptions regarding the university education outcomes and labour […]

Foreign Direct Investment Legislation: A Precondition for Creating a Favourable Investment Climate in the Case of Kosovo

Abstract Foreign direct investment (FDI) represents a significant impetus for sustainable economic growth and development. From the context of the importance that FDI carries as the transfer of knowledge, experience, employment growth and development of human capital, its attraction definitely requires a proper legal basis, namely, the implementation of the law and the proper functioning of judiciary. The main aim of this study is to elaborate the legislation on foreign direct investment in Kosovo and to analyse FDI in Kosovo over the years. This study is based on local literature, specifically the interpretation of the current law on FDI in Kosovo and international literature to examine the effects of legislation on a business climate. This study is descriptive, comparative and analytical, based mainly on secondary data provided by the World Bank indicators on FDI in Kosovo over the years. Kosovo as a young, post-war state has drafted a number of reforms in the economic field and in the field of law enforcement and judiciary, but undoubtedly the current law governing strategic investments has room for improvement, thus, must be enforced in order for investors to feel safe while operating in Kosovo. This study also concludes that Kosovo is attractive for foreign investors due to the increasing rate of GDP, labour market conditions, high rate of degree holders complying with labour market requirements. The study goes further with recommendations on supplementing the current law versus the European FDI legislation. The major implication of the study is the comparative analysis of Kosovo’s law in regard to the EU Law on FDI.

Changes in the Labour Market and Education in the Czech Republic in the Context of the Global Pandemic

Research background: At a time when we are looking for ways to recover the economy most effectively from a global pandemic, digitalization represents a significant opportunity. This is a specific aspect of digitalization, i.e. automation through artificial intelligence-driven technologies, in various areas of society, particularly in the industry and related education. Purpose of the article: The aim of this article is to present the changes in the labour market and education in the context of the global pandemic. Even after the end of the pandemic, it will be necessary to continue increasing productivity through the use of modem technologies. Education will no longer be tailored to one profession, as it has been so far, but shall emphasise interdisciplinarity, comprehensiveness, creativity and flexibility. The Fifth Industrial Revolution (Industry 5.0) will logically follow. It is a vision of the return of a man and his creativity to the production processes. Methods: The paper analyses the survey of the international research into the global crisis caused by the pandemic using desk research and mathematical statistics methods. Findings and added value: Many professions tend to be at risk as work becomes increasingly digitalized and automated. This article looks at the possible evolution of the market and the emergence of new professions that cannot be imagined now. Therefore, it is very important to focus education in all areas of society to prepare the graduates to be able to flexibly respond to changes in the labour market requirements.

University graduates' skills-and-employability evaluation in Poland - a case study of a faculty of management in Warsaw

The purpose of this paper was to present an attempt to build an innovative and comprehensive system of gathering and analysing reliable, accurate and up-to-date feedback on employability of academic graduates in Poland. After a literature review on the nature of the mismatch between the labour market requirements and the knowledge and skills of higher education graduates, as well as challenges connected with obtaining feedback from graduates, a case study devoted to collecting and analysing labour market stakeholders' feedback undertaken by a small faculty of a non-public academy in Warsaw, Poland is presented. A sample of 31 opinions of the faculty's graduates was gathered and analysed, in the form of an arithmetic mean, minimum and maximum values and cross-plot charts. The main conclusion of both the literature review and the case study is that the labour market highly values technical, especially IT skills and business-related soft skills, such as team-working. The two main challenges for the academic decision-makers are to develop curricula that would foster the development of the desired knowledge and skills and to build effective communication channels with all their stakeholders. A further, more comprehensive research into the matter will be worth conducting.

HIGHER EDUCATION AND LABOUR MARKET IN UKRAINE: A DECADE OF INTERACTION

The national model of interaction between higher education and the labour market was formed under the influence of world processes (globalization, marketization, internationalization, Europeanization). In 2020, the national economy, having reached the frontier of its development, was struck by the COVID-19 pandemic, whose negative consequences require rigorous analysis and careful study. Since 2014, the negative trends in the interaction of higher education with the labour market have begun to grow. They manifested in a shortage of highly qualified workers, or inconsistency of qualifications with the requirements of the national labour market. These trends continue to escalate in recent years. At the legislative level, there was an attempt from the government to outline steps towards the interaction of higher education with the labour market but without defining specific mechanisms. The economic and financial crisis has required the government to transit to another form of financing higher education institutions and to restructure and even reduce their number. The current state of interaction between higher education and the labour market is defined as unbalanced. That has led to a mismatch between supply and demand in the national labour market; the high level of unemployment among graduates of higher educational institutions and professionals with higher education; increasing student and labour migration; distance learning and work remotely. Ukraine is gradually losing modern factors of economic growth – human capital. Prospective trends are considered in the transition to a circular economy; the inclusion of the “environmental” dimension of the circular economy in professionals training and education. The article analyses the interaction of higher education with the labour market in Ukraine over the past decade (2010-2020). The study focuses on an analysis of past, current and future trends in higher education, the labour market and national legislation from the perspective of sustainable economic development. The research is interdisciplinary and mixed (theoretical and empirical). For visualization of the analysed phenomena and conclusions, the surveys data conducted in 2015, 2017 and 2020 are presented.

Statistical study of the relationship between changes in demographic processes and public health

The article examines changes in demographic processes and statistics. On the contrary, rapid population growth also poses challenges in a number of areas, such as the formation of the education and health systems, manufacturing, employment, and the planning of government spending on the social sphere. Economic reforms in each country are characterized primarily by the state of its labor resources, their level of professional training and compliance with the requirements of today's labor market. The set of needs, social norms and attitudes that determine the demographic behavior of a country’s population has a certain effect on population growth. When analyzing the average age of the population of some countries in the world, in early 2020, the country with the highest age at this age was Japan, with an average age of 47.3 years. In the next places are Ukraine 40.6 years, Belarus 40.0 years, which, in turn, leads to a shortage of labor in the country.

Formation of communicative skills of applicants of higher education in the process of studying the interfaculty discipline “generations X, Y, Z and the challenges of modernity

The need to form the communicative skills of applicants for higher education is determined by the requirements of the modern labor market, increasing requirements for the quality of education. Higher education institutions have all the potential to meet this challenge and cover the entire range of development of students communication skills and abilities in the learning process. The role of higher education institutions in training personnel to meet the needs of the labor market is not only to provide graduates with professional knowledge, skills and abilities, but also in the cross-cutting development of general, soft skills required for higher education applicants to adequately meet the challenges of today’s competitive world. We consider the formation of students’ communicative skills and abilities from the standpoint of the conceptual provisions of the competence-based approach in the modern educational paradigm. Pedagogical conditions and prospects for the formation of students communicative skills are associated with the development and implementation of appropriate activities in the educational process, reflecting the patterns, content, logic and structure of the development and improvement of students communicative potential. The study of the formation of students communication skills was based on the selection of significant indicators, which were measured using diagnostic techniques. The article reveals the possibilities of developing students communicative skills in the process of studying the interfaculty discipline «Generation X, Y, Z and the challenges of our time», taking into account innovative trends in modern higher education and with an emphasis on modeling situations that may arise in future professional activities in the system interaction of four generations.

Information culture of a teacher as a factor of the development of the city human resources

The prerequisite for the study has been the need to develop a model for the formation of information culture for bachelors as future foreign language teachers, taking into account the requirements of the contemporary labor market of pedagogical specialties in the framework of developing the urban human resources potential. The purpose of the research is to study the problem in the context of training qualified humanitarian personnel who can meet professional challenges and be competitive candidates in the educational market of a contemporary city. The article discusses the concept of information culture and describes its functions and structural components. The research methods used include a conversation with teachers and students, a survey of teachers and students on key issues, generalization of experience in organizing work with students in the framework of contact and independent work at school and university, as well as experimental training. The authors describe the model of information culture formation in bachelors specialized in the humanities, the means of information culture formation, and identify the levels of its formedness. The formedness level of a bachelor’s information culture is proposed to be evaluated according to motivational, substantive, professional and technological, and evaluative-performative criteria. The authors cover in detail the content of the information culture forming process of future foreign language teachers. Research results and novelty are presented by the described model of information culture formation in bachelors as future teachers of a foreign language reflected in the special authorial course. The article offers sample topics and control tasks on a developed course. The article may be of interest to specialists in the field of teacher education, e-learning, and the design of information and educational environments in the humanitarian sector of a contemporary city. The proposed model can be used in the system of professional development of foreign language teachers.

FORMATION OF PROFESSIONALLY IMPORTANT QUALITIES AS A BASIC COMPONENT OF TRAINING AND SOCIALIZATION OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN THE ECONOMIC INDUSTRY

The article outlines a range of issues regarding the need to form professionally important qualities as an integral part of the basic competencies of future economists, which is impossible without general educational competence as one of the main and most important conditions for achieving professionalism in economics, competitiveness in the labor market. The professional qualities of specialists in various fields are considered and the main blocks of qualities for the future economist are determined. The content of each of the blocks is highlighted and the essence of professionally important qualities (PO) and general components for the economic direction of training are revealed, as the variety of qualities is determined by the specifics of work, working conditions and job responsibilities. The problems of formation of professionally important qualities in the process of training economic specialists in universities, as well as the main purpose of vocational education - is to create conditions for development and self-realization of each individual, the formation of a generation capable of lifelong learning. The issue of effective professional socialization is revealed, which provides for the formation of a specialist in the economic profile of the basic system of values ​​and norms of behavior of the professional community, which form the basis of social behavior in the professional sphere and are structural elements of competence. The requirements of the modern labor market are analyzed: the close relationship between the rapid pace of development and the aging of professional knowledge and skills, which involves maintaining a high level of professional mobility of the economic specialist throughout life. The content of the concepts "criteria" and "indicators" of the effectiveness of the process of formation of professionally important qualities is considered. Psychological regularities and modern, concrete practical approaches to the organization of the educational process in professional training are revealed. Methods and techniques that increase the interest of future professionals in their own education and self-education, continuous professional growth, self-improvement, self-development and self-realization are identified. Also, these main active methods of teaching the andragogical approach, which increase the interest of future economists in continuous professional development, contribute to their effective adaptation, socialization and competitiveness in the labor market.

Peculiarities of developing intercultural professional competence during distance learning

The acceleration of global changes taking place in various spheres of life of our society, changes in the structure of the labor market and qualification requirements of various professions suggest new approaches and assessment of the level of intercultural professional competence. A deductive method based on empirical generalizations was used for the study. The purpose of this research is to identify the place and role of intercultural competences, intercultural communication in general in the formation of professional competencies in the context of digital learning technologies use. The problem of relationship between applied teaching methods and sociocultural, as well as psycho-emotional factors is investigated. The study used both qualitative and quantitative methods for assessing company personnel: a personal questionnaire and a behavioral interview. The survey was used in groups of students of economic specialties studying German as a second foreign language. The theoretical and practical parts of the study showed that changes in the nature of human communication in modern conditions are irreversible and rapid, exerting a global impact on the culture and education of a person. Researchers are actively exploring dynamics and transformations of professional competencies, as well as methods for determining the levels of various types of competencies. The novelty of this study lies in raising the question of developing a methodology for testing the level of intercultural professional competence, taking into account factors of the impact of a digital environment on its formation.

Employability for graduates in Saudi Arabia: A review paper

In Saudi Arabia, unemployment problem has been a big problem. Higher education in Saudi Arabia has previously been chastised for failing to meet labor market requirements. Higher education graduates, according to research, have focused on disciplines that are not in high demand in the work market. Furthermore, students of institutions of higher learning have been shown to lack the broad competences required in today's competitive market. The purpose of this chapter is to show how Saudi Arabia's higher education institutions are closing the gap between higher education and the labor market. Despite the fact that the private higher education sector in the United States is still relatively new, the data shows that higher education institutions have already been attempting to address graduate employability issues through their courses, extra curricular, and career-related services. Topics taught, instructional approaches used, and the usage of English in the classroom are all examples, as are planned project experience and career counsellor services.

ЗАЙНЯТІСТЬ У БАНКІВСЬКІЙ СФЕРІ: ВПЛИВ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ

The complex and controversial changes taking place in the labor market make new demands on personnel, necessitating the development of modern digital skills. The spread of information technology in many respects simplifies the process of obtaining and providing banking services, reducing the need for direct interaction with people at work. The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly accelerated the process of digital transformation, which for some time made it impossible for people to work directly together, leading to greater use of platforms for remote work and communication. In order to adapt employees to the conditions of remote employment, it is important to find new forms of remote team management that ensure a high level of employee involvement, a balance between work and leisure, and increase the efficiency of working time and productivity. Effective processes of digital transformation are now one of the determining factors in the competitiveness of the banking sector. In the long run, the COVID-19 pandemic and digitalisation trends will further reduce the number of employees in banking sector. This will require them to acquire new digital competencies or change their activities. In order to adapt employees to the conditions of remote employment, it is important to find new forms of remote team management that ensure a high level of employee involvement, balance between work and leisure and increase the efficiency of working time and productivity. Relevant areas of research are the transformation of employment in digital economy, the adaptation of the banking sector to pandemic constraints as well as ensuring compliance between workers' skills and modern labor market requirements.

Methodology for Convergence of the Training Program with the Professional Activities of Aviation Specialists

The method of developing curricula for training aviation specialists for civil aviation of the Republic of Uzbekistan is analyzed. It is substantiated that it does not sufficiently take into account the labor market requirements for the composition and content of academic disciplines. An overview of foreign experience in bridging the gap between educational programs and the workplace is given. A method based on a statistical analysis of civil aviation regulations is recommended.

Próba rankingu uczelni kształcących na kierunku prawo na podstawie oceny sytuacji ich absolwentów na rynku pracy

The data collected in the national system of monitoring the economic position of graduates (ELA) allows for the analysis of graduates’ preparation for the labor market requirements. They also make it possible to rank universities according to the described in the article criterion, using the synthetic information on employment and earnings indicators. This article presents the analysis of graduates of universities that conduct a uniform Master’s degree in law studies. It has also been shown that the order based on data from the ELA system is consistent with the ranking published annually by Perspektywy.

The importance of training and certificates in the access of university graduates to the labour market

In the era of growing competitiveness on the labour market, it has become common for students and graduates of higher education institutions to participate in various types of training courses and obtain various types of certificates, which are an additional asset when applying for employment. The interaction of a university with the environment requires constant monitoring of the expectations of labour market. Therefore, the main objective of the paper is to analyse of labour market requirements on additional certified competences of graduates during their studies. The paper attempts to answer the question: whether, and if so, to what extent the training received and the certificates obtained by the potential employee are important from the employer's point of view. The matters raised in it are a contribution to the discussion on the issue of needs and preferences of employers, including the most important aspects that guide them during the recruitment process. The study presents the results of surveys aimed at analysing the preferences of entrepreneurs and other entities in relation to the competences of graduates of universities. The survey method was chosen from among the empirical research methods used, which is characterized by a nomothetical approach, aimed at seeking generalized judgments, laws and rules for a certain class of situations or events. The survey covered not only entrepreneurs, but also representatives of other entities. Random sample selection was adopted for the conducted surveys. Setting the acceptable margin of statistical error at e=5.5%, for confidence level a=0.80 (Z=1.28), response distribution f=0.5 and population size Np=107.798. It has been calculated that the minimum research sample should consist of Nmin=136 employers. The draw was conducted on the basis of a list of all entities of the Swietokrzyskie Region in Poland. The collected quantitative data were analysed. The survey results indicated that employers pay attention to certificates, qualifications, courses and trainings obtained by university graduates. Additionally, graduates should demonstrate some professional experience, therefore student apprenticeships and practical profiles of education are also important. Respondents emphasized the problem of the deficit of the skills of applying knowledge in practice by university graduates, stating the ubiquitous excess of theory over practice.

Wage Differentials And Educational Attainment In Germany. How Do Job Profiles Affect Earnings?

This paper presents the results of an empirical analysis on the issue of wage differentials occurring within education levels. The main purpose of the research is to investigate the extent to which job profiles, classified as routine and non-routine tasks can explain wage differentials within educational levels in Germany. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of wage differentials indicates that in line with technological advancement witnessed over the past decades, earnings are largely determined by the nature of tasks carried out within the workplace. The relevance of this scientific problem decision is that educational systems have to keep up with advancing digitization and the rapidly changing labour market requirements. Investigation of the impact job profiles have on earnings, in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: firstly, a brief overview on previous research in the field is given, followed by an outline of the dataset analysed, proposed hypotheses, applied methodology and results concluding with a discussion. Methodological tools of the research methods were descriptive statistics along with OLS regression techniques. Based on German cross-sectional employee survey data from 2018 two hypotheses are tested by classifying 23 selected work activities into routine and non-routine tasks linked to the highest education level attained. In accordance with the German education system four educational levels are specified: no occupational degree, in-company or school-based vocational training, advanced vocational training degree and university degree. The results indicate that non-routine activities are on average remunerated at a higher rate compared to routine activities and non-routine analytical work is paid at a higher rate than non-routine craftmanship. Additionally, higher wages for computer assisted work activities is found. The OLS regression model results confirm both hypotheses implying increasing returns to educational attainments resulting in larger hourly pay and higher pay for those performing non-routine tasks. Pursuant to the traditional Mincer human capital approach on returns to schooling the research empirically confirms higher wages for employees completing advanced vocational training and those holding a university degree. The results of the research can be useful for policymakers in the education sector, fostering and improving analytical, data literacy and organizational skills.

Does the Curricula of Tourism Studies in Higher Education Meet the Educational and Occupational Needs of the Tourism Labour Market?

The aim of this study is to address the following questions:(1) Is there a gap between the curricula taught in tourism and hotels faculties and the knowledge and skills required in the tourism labour market?, and (2)Do the students' knowledge and skills acquired during their study in a tourism and hotels faculties qualify them to join the tourism labour market. A qualitative approach is employed in the current study to answer the research questions. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were used in the present research. The study findings revealed the existence of a gap between the curricula that have been taught in tourism faculties and the tourism labour market requirements. Furthermore, the curricula have not met the requirements of the tourism labour market and graduates' needs. Some managerial implications were provided in this research so that tourism education in Egypt can use them as a guide when developing the curricula of educational tourism to meet the requirements of the tourism labour market. The research contributes to the existing knowledge by employing an approach to in-depth examine to what extent there is a gap between the curricula taught in the tourism educational faculties and the knowledge and skills required in the tourism labour market.